Posts from absche

Start into the New Year ...

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Sun, 01 Feb 2009 13:00:00 +0000

absche has added a post:

In the last two month I didn't have much opportunity to take pictures (besides family captures of course ...). This was because of the bad weather and family obligations which kept my busy or at least at home. But there are some news with the start of the New Year:

My Lomo LC-A finally broke down

The film advance and shutter cocking does not function any more, the transport wheel stucks. The Lomo worked so well for me, may you rest in peace. I'm looking for another "experienced" Lomo now at Ebay.
My brother upgraded his digital camera stock and offered me his forerunner model, a Panasonic Lumix DMC L-1

It is an outdated model, not sold anymore but with a very nice classic look and style and a good Leica zoom lens. I like it very much. Be prepared to find some more digital images in my documents.
I used the time poor of new images to create an own photographic home page, which should serve as an amendment to my ipernity activities (and my flickr activities too).

If you find some time, I would be happy if some of you will take a look at www.lightbox-photography.de

The new equipment and the new website will not hinder me to post some of my usual lomographic style pictures here at ipernity, a community I enjoy very much.

- albrecht -

European Football Championship arrives at Germany's front gardens ...

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Mon, 23 Jun 2008 18:24:02 +0000

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A waterball with Germany's national flag colours, one of these football targets you can buy at every store this time and an enthusiastic boy make this small picture series ...

"Watch out, I'm as good as a real goal-keeper! You will never score against ME!!!"

Of course, I've left him with his illusion ...

Another bitchy lady in my rack ...

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Sat, 05 Jan 2008 21:00:00 +0000

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My wife asked me for a christmas present wish and I didn't have an idea at that time. Maybe this was a kind of blockade, because my wife regards any Euro spent for photographic equipment as wasted "housekeeping allowance". For a while I was looking for an old "Diana" camera at Ebay and was astonished about the end price of the few auctions I followed. Not possible to get them as a bargain, and that is the interesting thing behind it. The original price for this plastic toy camera, produced in the 60s in Hong Kong has been 99 cent.
As I look at the toys, they offer at the Lomography Shop in Vienna (lomography.com), on a regular basis, I noticed, that they have now a Diana replica in the sale, called Diana+. Although not really cheap (40 Euros!!!), I was convinced of the new features they offer with the replica, the most interesting is the "pin-hole" aperture option and the tripod mount, important for that option. To shorten up the story, I ordered one as a christmas present for myself.
Although lomography.com avoids a comparison of the Holga and the Diana probably because of marketing reasons, these both ladies are comparable in many ways: Their bodies are made of plastic, with a not very consistently manufactured plastic lens. Other properties like shutter speed are not very well defined either. No electronics, all mechanical. They both employ 120 film type and are sensitive to light leaks. And they are both bitchy in that way, that besides their implicite uncertainties they provoke operator errors. Now for some differences: The Diana has a narrower body but the lens section has a longer extension (see pictures). For the Diana+ there are four aperture settings (3, displayed as weather symbols and the pin-hole option) The Diana plus comes with 2 additional masks allowing to use the original Diana format 4x4 mm (16 captures on a 120 film roll) and an endless panorama frame of a somewhat larger size than that.
As a first judgement let me say, the Diana+ is as bitchy as the Holga is, but it rewards you with great pictures if she is willing and you have a lucky trigger finger. At first I had some problems in getting the exposure right, especially in combination with employing pushed crossprocessed slide film - some very underexposed captures. But some shots came out really nice (see below) and watch out for my documents this month. Enjoy, albrecht

Russian shoot-out ...

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Sat, 15 Dec 2007 18:25:00 +0000

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Recently I bought a classical, not so classical Russian range-finder camera at Ebay, a Zorki 10 (зоркий, sharp-sighted). Well known for its Leica range-finder clones, this is an original Zorki design.See pictures to the right. I like the design of it and thought it is a good amendment to the toys I already have. It features a very reactangular main shape with an advance lever at the bottom left (!) side. I got it for about 15 Euros. It is very heavy, completely made of metal and smells oily (like my chinese range-finder). Some technical details:
range finder camera for 24x36 mm film with automatic exposure control range finder basis: 38 mm and 0.65x magnification Industar-63 lens with 45 mm focal length and relative aperture of 1:2.8; view angle 50° Central shutter with 1/250s - 1/30 s in automatic mode; 1/30 and "B" in manual mode Aperture in manual mode 1:2.8 - 1:22 more details see www.g-st.ch/privat/kameras/zorki10manual.html
As I wanted to use it as a range-finder lomographic device I fed the Zorki with a Agfa precisa ct 100 slide film (for crossprocessing), set the camera speed to highest ISO possible (320) and operated it in automatic exposure mode. I carried the Zorki along with my Lomo LC-A as I visited a farm house museum, south of Munich. The following pictures show the Lomo and the Zorki results of same subjects in comparison. The Lomo was operated with a Fijichrom Velvia, also pushed and crossprocessed. Thus this is not only a camera but also a film type comparison. It is apparent that the Industar lens also shows strong vignetting. The Agfa precisa exhibits a cooler colour scheme. Enjoy, albrecht
Lomo with Fuji Velvia, pushed 50->400	Zorki 10 with Agfa precisa ct, pushed 100->320

applying brute force to slide film diva "Fuji Velvia 50" ...

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Sun, 02 Dec 2007 10:15:00 +0000

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You may know, my favourite photographic technique is to capture pictures with my Lomo LC-A on crossprocessed slide film. To amplify the crossprocessing effect (shift in colours, contrast, more grain) I learned to let the slide film (usually ISO 100) push to 400 ISO (if not double exposure) in addition.

If you do this several times at different exposure conditions (bright sunlight vs. indoor) you get a feel for the characteristics of the film type, although crossprocessing is erratic by nature.

I tried Agfa precisa ct 100 for about 2 years now and it is still my favourite for crossprocessing. In pushing it to ISO 400 it exhibits detailed pictures with an interesting colour scheme. Kodak slide films tend to a blue tinting in overexposure conditions. I tried Fuji non-pro stuff too, satisfying but not terrific.

For some time now, I wanted to try the quite famous Fujichrome Velvia (ISO 50) for crossprocessing. I've done it now with a slightly expired Velvia. I took my Lomo to a Bavarian farm house museum and tested the film under low light conditions indoor (and these old farm houses can be quite dark inside).

Briefly: I'm very satisfied with the results!

The Velvia exhibits a very consistent colour scheme with an amber like basic tinting, but blues and reds come good as well. Pushing it from 50->400 clearly overburdens the film and a nice coarse grain and loss in details becomes apparent.

In addition the low light conditions brought up some smooth movement blur. Going into details (as I like to do), I missed the 80 cm nearest focus distance of the Lomo by chance and sometimes by intention, which also produces some out-of-focus feature.

The Velvia will defenitively be my more expensive alternative to the Agfa precisa. Now, I'm looking for charges of expired 135 Velvias. Anybody knows a source?

- albrecht -

watch out for some more pics in my documents ...

Mini Digital Camera

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Sun, 04 Nov 2007 15:21:59 +0000

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... and this will be technically (equipment) driven again, although I wanted to restrict my technical focus.

Inspired by reports about "cat cameras", mini digital cameras which can be fixed to the necklace of your pet and record pictures of the pets daily stroll, I bought such a camera at ebay for about 4 Euros. It is really tiny, about the size of a matchbox.

For this album I intend to use the pictures of the low resolution point and shoot, fix focus camera without any manipulation, just how they come from the inbuild memory chip. In the future I will try to use it for a some 5 - 10 frame story telling.

Technical features of this camera are:

f = 3.9 cm
Maximum aperture F 2.8
Sensational 352x288 pixel = 0.1 MP (in high resolution mode)
Build-in memory for 20 HR pictures
Also records short avis in low resolution mode

- albrecht -

kaleidoscope view

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Sun, 28 Oct 2007 17:20:17 +0000

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Today is my daughters 1. birthday and I bought here some "experience cubes", a package of small wooden cubes with insides to discover and experiment with. What I didn't notice until we opened the box was, that there are three cubes with optical elements inside: an orange tinted window, a mirror and a multi-facetted kaleidoscope like lens. The last one is really great for some simple photographic effects.

You can look at this "photographic device" on the right side. You see, a highly sophisticated and therefore expensive ancillary lens. We unpacked the present box, I pointed the wooden box at my family and fell in love with the thing. Then I grabbed our digital camera and made some pictures through the facettes. Look at them! Something for you too? Visite your toy shop and ask for the baby section :-).

Now I will look out for further subjects to get viewed through this fly eyed lens.

- albrecht -

trying to get rid of my technical focus on photography ...

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Wed, 24 Oct 2007 19:19:19 +0000

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As I have noticed, I tend to categorize my own and others peoples photographs regarding technical questions. This mainly means by camera, photographic technique (film, digital) and post-processing. You know, this is boys and toys thing. I'm thinking more and more this is not the right way to get some artistic progress. It blocks creativity and development and obstructs the view on the real important details.

Thus I decided to take some compulsory measures to bring me on the right track:

1.) resign from groups with technical oriented aims/ categorization (most of mine)

2.) don't comment and tag my photos with technical issues anymore

3.) Delete albums with technical categorizations (most of mine) and rearrange photos

I start with No 1 today. I hope this helps.

- albrecht -

ps. somebody with hints on non-technical groups with a broad range of photographic subjects?

Theorem of photographic inspiration conservation ...

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Tue, 16 Oct 2007 19:08:44 +0000

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Does anybody share this feeling ...?

The theorem stipulates: if many photographers gather at the same event/ location, the quality of each single capture of that scene goes down. On the other hand, if you, as a photographer, are alone at a location and have the feeling you are the only one here and now to capture this unique setup, you pictures get a certain touch of inspiration.

I got in touch with that theorem, as I went to the Oktoberfest recently. After a family vacation with no opportunity for photograhs, I begged my wife for an evening off duty to go to the Oktoberfest to take some pictures with my Lomo LC-A there. But when I came to the "Wiesn", the fairground, my inspiration let me down. I saw a lot of photographers with digital SLR cameras using anti-shake/ image stabilised lenses or tripods, taking a lot of effort to capture the scenes well composed and technically perfect and of course, not to be unfair, focussing on the right photogenic subjects. I had the feeling all the good things have been photographed away.

Then my film advance hooked up and I was not sure about the right transport, opening the back of the camera and and and...

In summary, it was a bad evening ...

I brought my films (agfa precisa ct 100 slide film, partly with double exposures and overexposures/ light leaks due to the opening of the back) and an agfa vista 100 negative film to the lab and with a feeling, nothing can be worth from now on I get them both crossprocessed and pushed to 400 ISO. At least some of the captures gave me a bit of contentment back. But all the photos are not really inspired, which does not detain me from posting some of the results anyway :-)

- albrecht -

uhh - I forgot to remove the "draft" tag ... thus with some delay published!

the negative view ...

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Fri, 24 Aug 2007 19:00:00 +0000

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Everybody visiting my homepage and looking at my docs will recognise quickly, that I like to work with my Lomo LC-A employing crossprocessed slide films. Another technique I often combine with this is double exposures.

For the purpose I always rewind carefully the once exposed slide film completely and do the second exposure from the beginning of the film roll. Thus the combinations of captured subjects is quite accidental.

The technical guideline in using slide films for double exposures and crossprocessing is:

load slide film with iso speed 100
set Lomo LC-A iso speed to 400 (is much easier for difficult light)
expose the entire film roll
rewind film completely and capture the second exposures
consider: the overlaid frames will not match
after taking the 72 captures submit the film to the lab for development
label it clearly with Cross C-41 or XPRO C-41
label it clearly with "do not cut film"
and tell the lab to push the film to iso 200 speed in development

Wait patiently for the development to be done (about 4 working days), then warm up your scanner and feed it with your stuff... After the scanning I have to cut the film down into storable pieces (I use plastic negative holder sheets for it). By the way, it is sometimes hard to find a good position for the cut. You sometimes destroy a good multiframe picture with it. Don't be afraid if you don't have 72 good photographic subjects available and have single exposures left on the film. Push the film anyway to 200 ISO, the film and the scanner can cope with the underexposure!

From my experience the crossprocessing and pushing works best with Agfa precisa ct 100 slide film. A shame is, that they shut down the production of that film with the broke down of Agfa, but at the time there are enough rolls in stock at least in Germany. While Kodak slide films tend to yield a green tone in crossprocessing, the Agfa presents a soft blue toning. Of course you can manipulate that while scanning or afterwards. To the left you see two collages of scanned negative stripes. The upper one is a Kodak slide film featuring the pictures I show right now here at ipernity. The lower one is a kind of sneak preview on the pictures I will post within the next 2 - 3 weeks.

If you are not fixed to digital, try double exposures with crossprocessed slide film. I think you will enjoy it as much as I do.

- albrecht -

- Josefine tidies up my CD rack ... -

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Fri, 17 Aug 2007 19:49:23 +0000

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The idea for this blog came as my little daughter again put all the CDs of the three lowest shelves of my CD rack on the floor to play with them. Later in the evening when I put all the CDs back I often think: Oh - this one I should hear again, if I find the time ... Thus I take my time now, go through the tracks of the CD, pick one, rip it, encode it to mp3 and upload it to ipernity ... The selection is quite arbitrary and not really consistent. Enjoy anyway!

- albrecht -

1.)	"James Bond theme" by John Zorn from the album "Naked city"
2.)	"If you tolerate this your children will be next" by Manic Street Preachers from the album "This is my truth tell me yours"
3.)	"Block rockin' beats" by the Chemical Brothers from the album "Dig your own hole"
4.)	"Galerie der Täuschungen" by Philip Boa and the Voodooclub from the album "Helios"
5.)	"Lola" from Jordan Minnesota from the album "Under cover vol. II"
6.)	"Shipbuilding" from Robert Wyatt from the album "A constant source of interruption"
7.)	"Word up" from Gun from the album "Rock am Ring, 10 Jahre"
8.)	"Waiting for the great leap forwards" from Billy Bragg from the album "Workers Playtime" (Capitalism is killing music)

Analogue photography depression ...

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Sun, 29 Jul 2007 18:19:08 +0000

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This week I got my rolls of 120 bw film back with a simple sticker on the order bag saying:

Dear customer,

for CNS, Revue, CT18, CT21, 50L, 50S and super 8 mm films we do not have the technical capabilities for development any more. Thus we sent you the order back unworked.

Sincerely, Your photolab.

This feed-back I received on an expired ORWO 120 bw film (see right), produced in former GDR. Two weeks before, the lab developed the same film without any comment and in good quality (see the examples below). I gave this film rolls to a quite big photo shop in Munich and I got a little depression after the lady at the counter sent me (with very little regret) to a small special photo lab. You can imagine the price I will pay for a special develoment! Moreover I own about ten more rolls of it.

This is a kind of sequel to a bad experience I made last year. I got a slide film, ordered for crossprocessing, back from my drug store with photo service, located in our village. A badge from the big contract lab was applied, reading: We do not offer crossprocessing development. And this after I had submitted my slide films for crossprocessing for at least one year this way at the drug store. From that moment on, I had to drive 30 min to Munich, look for a parking lot (not quite easy), deliver my films for development and 30 min back again. And a week later the same way to fetch back my developed films ...

I feel, it is getting more difficult from day to day to get appropriate analogue photography service. It takes more and more effort, time and money, to stick to my hobby. Too bad!

Do you have similar experiences?

- albrecht -

Downgrading at flickr ...

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Sat, 21 Jul 2007 15:27:16 +0000

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Today I deleted all my photos from flickr and posted a kind of goodbye. My flickr pro-account expires next monday and I will not prolong it. You may guess ... because of the censr/filtr incident (but moreover the annoying non-communication/non-reaction of the flickr staff/ management). Although it will take me some time to establish a similar network here at ipernity, to pay only to get ignored by flickr staff/management with my concerns pushed me out.

May the ipernity community grow and the staff/management communicate better than I experienced before...

Cheers, Albrecht

Konica single-use camera (wai wai 1st gen.)

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Wed, 11 Jul 2007 18:30:00 +0000

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The "wai wai" is a single-use plastic panorama camera (135 mm film) made by Konica. It is fully mechanical and has no electric parts (no flash no metering). The speciality of this simple point and shoot camera is its 17 mm two-piece plastic lens. Cheapest ultra wide angle lens you can get (no fisheye!). This makes it worth looking for reloading the camera after the "single-use". And indeed, the camera is easy to modify to take more than one roll of film (to be reloaded in a darkroom) and to get rid of the panoramic mask to yield a full frame wide angle picture The pictures taken with the camera are not of high-end quality of course, but the vignetting and the low resolution provide together a "lomographic" feeling with the small focal length adding a special feature. This is the first generation "wai wai". The second generation offers a flash and a fancy mirror on the front side to capture funny self-portraits. Both cameras are not easy to get in Germany, in that way, that you will not find in at your neighbouring photo-shop. I bought mine in an auction at ebay.

Here are some pictures, taken with the Konica single-use camera. To the right, top, the camera is ideal for funnay portraits just pointing the camera to the nose of your subject. Right, bottom: Large objects can be captured entirely from a very short distance.

	To the left: top - using the full angle of view to catch the scene; bottom: portrait of my son and a big machine

Supersampler

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Tue, 10 Jul 2007 19:56:45 +0000

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The supersampler is a photographic multilens point and shoot device made of plastic. The focal length of the 4 plastic lenses is 20 mm (panoramic wide-angle). It uses normal 135 film, best of ISO 400 speed or higher. It is designed for out-door shots, but ISO 800 will work indoor too. The shutter exposes the 135 film through the 4 lenses, yielding a photo combined of 4 neighbouring and time-lapsed frames. There are two speeds available: 4 photos in 2 seconds (.50sec/photo) or 4 photos in 0.2 seconds (.05sec/photo). There is only a kind of fake view finder, a little plastic frame, which is in fact unnecessary. Film transport and cocking the shutter is realised by a fancy "rip cord", which makes a funny noise ans in fact is fun to use. Further technical details can be found at http://shop.lomography.com/supersampler/. I like the supersampler for pictures of movement (for what it is mainly intended to) but also for a multiple capture of an immobile subject. I usually do some post-processing with the scans of the supersampler negatives in enhancing contrasts and colour saturation.
	To the left you see two examples to catch some movement, top - movement of the photographic subject, bottom - photographers motion.

But multiple captures of the same immobile subjects can be great too with the supersampler (see to the right). Colourful flowers can also be supersampled - I like them in saturated colours.

Voigtländer Bessa-R

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Sun, 08 Jul 2007 19:45:00 +0000

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The Bessa-R from the Voigtländer classic collection is a rangefinder camera with Leica thread mount (M-39). The shutter is purely mechanical, thus no time or aperture programme mode. The camera has built-in TTL metering. At time I use the camera with 3 lenses: Voigtländer Color Skopar, 35 mm, f/2.5 Industar 61 L/D, 55 mm, f/2.8 Leitz Summicron, 50 mm, f/2 Recently I bought a pinhole lens cap for the camera.

	To the left, two pictures taken with the 35 mm Voigtländer lens (from a trip to the US in 2005).
To the right, a capture with the Industar lens. At the bottom, left, a picture, taken with the Leitz lens and with some post-processing. To the bottom, right, a pinhole capture.

Seagull 205A compact rangefinder camera

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Tue, 03 Jul 2007 18:25:00 +0000

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The Seagull 205A (made in Shanghai) is a mechanical compact rangefinder camera with central shutter and because completely mechanical no exposure metering. The fixed lens Haiou-45 has a focal length of 38mm and a relative aperture of 1:2.8. Exposure times range from 1/300s to 1 s and B, while apertures range from 2.8 to 16. Minimal focus is 1 m. The rangefinder is quite bright and the viewfinder has a marking for parallax correction. Film advance and cocking the shutter is combined.

I use the Seagull the same way I use my Lomo LC-A (employing crossprocessed slide film). The Seagull is larger and heavier and has no automatic exposure control, but the focus is easier with the build-in rangefinder.

The example shown on the right was captured on my recent vacation (double exposure).

Vintage Polaroid Land Camera

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Mon, 02 Jul 2007 20:25:00 +0000

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Last year I bought an old Polaroid Land camera 320 at an auction at Ebay( about 5 €). It uses Polaroid pack film of size 3 1/4 x 4 1/4 inches. Typical film types are 669 (colour) and 664 (bw), both low speed films (80 or 100 ISO). This instant camera features: collapsible bellow (even folded it is not really tiny!) automatic exposure time control 2 piece lens with f=114 mm, relative aperture 8.8 viewfinder and seperate rangefinder The pictures below and at the right show the camera, by a view through the viewfinder of the camera on the manual. Below to the left a view through the seperate rangefinder. Regrettably my camera produces a lot of artifacts, appearing at white spots at the border of the print (maybe unsteady or dirty rolls).

What I like most about the colour film type 669 is, that it is possible to do image transfers and gel liftings with it. Image transfer means that you can roll over the developing picture onto a piece of paper e.g. (example see below). At gel lifting you let the positive dry and then carefully lift the gel like layer in hot water. You can than manipulate the gel by wrinkling and put it on a surface of choice e.g. paper. See the example to the right.
	Of course you can produce "normal" Polaroid pictures in colour or bw, which have their own mood and btw are photographic individuals. The coloured Polaroid below left is a capture from my recent 669 film pack.

Lomo LC-A

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Sat, 30 Jun 2007 12:00:00 +0000

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The Lomo Compact Automat (LC-A) is a very small compact automatic viewfinder camera with a quite fast 32mm lens (Minitar-1, relative aperture 2.8) and zone focussing. The photos show, depending on exposure values, a typical vignetting and a soft focus finish. The picture on the right features the camera in combination with a match box for comparison. I own (or in fact it is an permanent loan from my wife) the Russian made model in an export version for (former East-) Germany. btw LOMO is an abbreviation for Leningradskoye Optiko-Mechanichesckoye Obyedinenie. Thus the camera is made in St. Petersburg, former Leningrad. It was build in 1988 (see picture below). Features of the LC-A are: 135 film camera small dimensions 32mm Minitar lens; 1:2.8 automatic exposure control (3xSR44 batteries necessary) exposure times: 1/500 - 2 s Manual control possible (fstops 2.8 - 16 at 1/60s) Zone focus (0.8 - infinity) flash X-contact protection slides for viewfinder and lens

Here are some example pictures, taken within the last year. A usual camera/film combination for the LC-A is crossprocessing a slide film. I normally use Agfa precisa ct 100 slide film. The camera is astonishing good at low light conditions even with a ISO 100 film, although the grade "good" is relative .
	To enhance the crossprocessing effect, the film can be pushed e.g. the ISO 100 slide film to ISO 200 or 400. This eases also the captures at low light conditions. For the time beeing I really like to make double exposures with my Lomo LC-A (see below, left or my recent docs).

Holga 120 CFN

nobody@ipernity.com (absche) — Thu, 28 Jun 2007 10:05:00 +0000

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The Holga gained a status of a "cult treasure", but in fact it is a very simple photographic device (toycamera), made of ugly black plastic and is sold overpriced in my opinion. But that is true for many "cult treasures". What I like about the Holga is its versatility, the vignetting plastic lens and the accidental effects resulting from its cheap construction (e.g. light leaks). The non-reproducible production of the lens and the body makes each Holga special and singular. I own a Holga 120 CFN: 120 stands for 120 roll film format CF for colour flash (red, blue, yellow and white) N for new (B-exposure setting, tripod thread) Features of the Holga are: Plastic lens with f=60mm (wide angle for 6x6cm format) and strong vignetting Mechanical spring shutter with 1/100 s and B 2 Apertures of f/8 and f/11 film transport not coupled with shutter cocking (easy double exposures or pseudo-panoramas) The Holga produces pictures with strong vignetting and strange focussing. Accidents happen (light leaks, wrong exposures, lens cap on etc) but are part of the Holga feeling. Try it, it is fun to use. The Holga is very open to manipulations and modifications. The most popular one is loading the Holga 120 with 135 film. This is easy to do and brings up the nice "sprocket hole effect". Of course also with 135 film multiple exposures are possible (see Example 2). btw. all examples in this post are pictures I took within the last year with my Holga and originally posted them at flickr

	With the film transport under full control of the photographer (to the best and to the worst) pseudo-panoramic capture are easy to produce. Other examples for Holga typical employments are colour flash double exposures (on 135 film - see below, left) and mounting of an opaque transparent paper just infront of the film layer acting as a diffusing screen (see below, right).