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  <title>Discussions of group: Ipernity Academy</title>
  <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss</link>
  <image>
    <url>http://u1.ipernity.com/p/82/75/30082/userphoto.jpg?1193831393</url>
    <title>Discussions of group: Ipernity Academy</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss</link>
  </image>
  <description>A comprehensive collection of HOWTOs and instructions about photography. You can find articles for beginners and professionals discussing the basics and advanced techniques of photography.</description>
  <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2009 12:45:48 +0000</pubDate>
  <lastBuildDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2009 12:45:48 +0000</lastBuildDate>
  <generator>http://www.ipernity.com</generator>
  <item>
    <title>[TECH][EN] The secret of gamma-correction</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/16696</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2008-06-02,topic-16696</guid>
    <pubDate>Mon, 02 Jun 2008 19:24:04 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Lodchjo)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/lodchjo"&gt;Lodchjo&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="right" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/6/15/55/2121555.220ad3bf.m.jpg" /&gt;  So, you're in a nice place, let's say near a house, the sky is amazing and you want to take a picture, showing the sky AND the house. What happens when you measure the light on the house? The sky comes out too light. What happens when you measure the light on the sky? The house is total darkness. You try to measure somewhere in between, the sky is still a little too light, the house is still too dark.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So what do you do?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Do you stick to principles such as "not manipulating your photos" even though the photo doesn't reproduce what our eyes can observe?, or do you want to try restore reality?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I tried it over and over: our eyes are perfectly capable of seeing a dark blue sky AND the orange brick structure of a building at the same time. I suppose eyes (that is: our brain) can process what it sees, compensating for light intensity, thus showing all detail in the dark AND light parts. Something my camera can't. (Maybe professional camera's do???)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I don't know about you, but i don't carry a tripod with me all the time, so there i am in a ruine of a housen, with a gorgeous sky, but no tripod. So, making the same photo with different exposure times is not an option.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fortunately we've got software to help us. &lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="180" align="right" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/5/91/61/1929161.6a5698a4.m.jpg" /&gt;   Here's the result:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Try to make a photo which shows some detail in the house, but doesn't make the sky too light. Remember: it's easier to correct underexposed parts than overexposed parts. SO, if you must, have the house a little darker than you'd like it to be.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You're back home, now how do you correct your shot? This is where gamma-correction comes in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As i don't want to pay hundreds of euro's for photoshop, i use the freeware Photofiltre which offers quite a lot of features; so this tutorial is based on Photofiltre. (I know there's GIMP, but it's too heavy for my pc AND basically not a photo-editor, but a graphic editor.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What you got to do now is this: select the light (overexposed) part(s) and make a gamma-correction, e.g. 0.60 will darken this part. Why not use "brightness"? Because 'brightness' equally lightens/darkens the whole shot or selection, creating a darker or lighter fog over the entire selection. Gamma-correction will affect lighter parts more than dark parts (when darkening) and affect darker parts more than light parts (when lightening)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Then, invert the selection so as to get the dark parts and make an oppostie gamma-correction, e.g. 1.5. (Values above 1 lighten up, values less than 1 darken.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now, selection can be difficult. E.g. in photofiltre, i didn't find a way to accumulate magic wand selections, so i had to find out other tricks since in this photo, the sky was interrupted by logs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There's two possibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;1. apply the magic wand to the sky, and tick the 'color'-checkbox. This way, the program will select everything matching the color you've clicked on. (The percentage for the magic wand is the tolerance. A higher percentage will result in a bigger selection.) This however often results in incomplete selections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In my case, the sky was interrupted. Of course, i could repeat the action for every piece of sky, but it doesn't always work well.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2. What i did in this case, was to select the house. It worked only partially, since there's also lighter parts in the bricks. Here's the trick:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;don't make a selection. Instead, darken the entire photo with a gamma-correction of e.g. 0.4, so as to make the whole house more or less equally dark, but keeping the sky light enough.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;now, it's easy to select only the house. Just point on a dark part with the magic wand (tolerance e.g. 30%) and the house will be selected.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;now, undo the gamma-correction. In photofiltre, the photo is restored, but the selection remains&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;now that the whole house is selected, you can lighten it up a bit, since it was too dark. make a gamma-correction of e.g. 0.40&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;now you want to darken the sky. invert the selection. (usually you pick 'selection' in the menu and then 'invert'. this way, the house will be deselected and the sky will be selected)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;now, make the sky darker, making a gamma-correction of e.g. 1.5. you might as well increase contrast for this selection&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now you're done. Hide the selection and save your work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;NOTE: this requires a lot of trial and error in the beginning, so as to understand the effect gamma-correction had.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I hope this helps you improving your photos!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lodchjo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PS: I also use gamma-correction on other occasions. E.g. you're in a forest and you take some pictures of all the green out there. You come home only to notice all the photos are quite pale. The green isn't shiny. Try a gamma-correction of 0.80 or 0.85 and compare to your original. (Sometimes you need to brighten (increase brightness) the photo a little to compensate the slight darkening effect of the gamma-correction, together with a little contrast boost.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img width="180" height="240" border="0" align="right" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/6/19/04/2121904.00aa8952.m.jpg" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Here's another example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;the sky was gorgeous, but making the photo against the sun, the chimney was total darkness. Gamme-correction returned the colour inside.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TECH][EN] The secret of gamma-correction</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/lodchjo"&gt;Lodchjo&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="right" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/6/15/55/2121555.220ad3bf.m.jpg" /&gt;  So, you're in a nice place, let's say near a house, the sky is amazing and you want to take a picture, showing the sky AND the house. What happens when you measure the light on the house? The sky comes out too light. What happens when you measure the light on the sky? The house is total darkness. You try to measure somewhere in between, the sky is still a little too light, the house is still too dark.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So what do you do?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Do you stick to principles such as "not manipulating your photos" even though the photo doesn't reproduce what our eyes can observe?, or do you want to try restore reality?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I tried it over and over: our eyes are perfectly capable of seeing a dark blue sky AND the orange brick structure of a building at the same time. I suppose eyes (that is: our brain) can process what it sees, compensating for light intensity, thus showing all detail in the dark AND light parts. Something my camera can't. (Maybe professional camera's do???)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I don't know about you, but i don't carry a tripod with me all the time, so there i am in a ruine of a housen, with a gorgeous sky, but no tripod. So, making the same photo with different exposure times is not an option.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fortunately we've got software to help us. &lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="180" align="right" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/5/91/61/1929161.6a5698a4.m.jpg" /&gt;   Here's the result:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Try to make a photo which shows some detail in the house, but doesn't make the sky too light. Remember: it's easier to correct underexposed parts than overexposed parts. SO, if you must, have the house a little darker than you'd like it to be.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You're back home, now how do you correct your shot? This is where gamma-correction comes in.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As i don't want to pay hundreds of euro's for photoshop, i use the freeware Photofiltre which offers quite a lot of features; so this tutorial is based on Photofiltre. (I know there's GIMP, but it's too heavy for my pc AND basically not a photo-editor, but a graphic editor.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What you got to do now is this: select the light (overexposed) part(s) and make a gamma-correction, e.g. 0.60 will darken this part. Why not use "brightness"? Because 'brightness' equally lightens/darkens the whole shot or selection, creating a darker or lighter fog over the entire selection. Gamma-correction will affect lighter parts more than dark parts (when darkening) and affect darker parts more than light parts (when lightening)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Then, invert the selection so as to get the dark parts and make an oppostie gamma-correction, e.g. 1.5. (Values above 1 lighten up, values less than 1 darken.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now, selection can be difficult. E.g. in photofiltre, i didn't find a way to accumulate magic wand selections, so i had to find out other tricks since in this photo, the sky was interrupted by logs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There's two possibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;1. apply the magic wand to the sky, and tick the 'color'-checkbox. This way, the program will select everything matching the color you've clicked on. (The percentage for the magic wand is the tolerance. A higher percentage will result in a bigger selection.) This however often results in incomplete selections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In my case, the sky was interrupted. Of course, i could repeat the action for every piece of sky, but it doesn't always work well.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2. What i did in this case, was to select the house. It worked only partially, since there's also lighter parts in the bricks. Here's the trick:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;don't make a selection. Instead, darken the entire photo with a gamma-correction of e.g. 0.4, so as to make the whole house more or less equally dark, but keeping the sky light enough.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;now, it's easy to select only the house. Just point on a dark part with the magic wand (tolerance e.g. 30%) and the house will be selected.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;now, undo the gamma-correction. In photofiltre, the photo is restored, but the selection remains&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;now that the whole house is selected, you can lighten it up a bit, since it was too dark. make a gamma-correction of e.g. 0.40&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;now you want to darken the sky. invert the selection. (usually you pick 'selection' in the menu and then 'invert'. this way, the house will be deselected and the sky will be selected)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;now, make the sky darker, making a gamma-correction of e.g. 1.5. you might as well increase contrast for this selection&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now you're done. Hide the selection and save your work.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;NOTE: this requires a lot of trial and error in the beginning, so as to understand the effect gamma-correction had.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I hope this helps you improving your photos!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lodchjo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PS: I also use gamma-correction on other occasions. E.g. you're in a forest and you take some pictures of all the green out there. You come home only to notice all the photos are quite pale. The green isn't shiny. Try a gamma-correction of 0.80 or 0.85 and compare to your original. (Sometimes you need to brighten (increase brightness) the photo a little to compensate the slight darkening effect of the gamma-correction, together with a little contrast boost.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img width="180" height="240" border="0" align="right" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/6/19/04/2121904.00aa8952.m.jpg" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Here's another example: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;the sky was gorgeous, but making the photo against the sun, the chimney was total darkness. Gamme-correction returned the colour inside.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Lodchjo</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[TECH][DÉBUTANT][FR] Comment rendre un ciel plus dramatique ?</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/15970</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2008-04-26,topic-15970</guid>
    <pubDate>Sat, 26 Apr 2008 09:57:43 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (sǝɯʎuopnǝsd sǝl sɐd ǝɯıɐ,u dɾ)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/jpnaimepaslespseudonymes"&gt;sǝɯʎuopnǝsd sǝl sɐd ǝɯıɐ,u dɾ&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;La version originale de ce texte se trouve &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/jpnaimepaslespseudonymes/60401"&gt;ici&lt;/a&gt; dans mon blog.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Vous admirez les images du groupe &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/group/flucht"&gt;Beauty of Sky, etc&lt;/a&gt;, ou &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/group/cloud-is-the-color"&gt;Cloud Is The Color&lt;/a&gt; et leurs superbes cieux. Et bien, je vais dévoiler un secret: toutes ces images sont truquées. Bon... truquées est peut-être un adjectif un peu fort: disons... fortement transformées dans un logiciel de retouche d'image. Les images brutes fournies par les capteurs des appareils numériques sont généralement assez plates. En sélectionnant le ciel dans le logiciel de retouche et en modifiant la courbe tonale, on peut suffisamment tricher pour le rendre plus dramatique, plus photogénique. C'est ainsi par exemple que cette image a été produite:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/04/2B/1321732.0e56950c1.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
De même pour celle-ci:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FC/C9/1755644.afd521781.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je propose d'expliquer ici comment obtenir cette deuxième image à partir de l'original issue du capteur sans modification. J'utilise pour ma part &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://ww.gimp-fr.org/"&gt;Gimp&lt;/a&gt;, l'excellentissime logiciel libre et gratuit qui fonctionne sur toutes les plates-formes informatiques. La transformation dure quelques minutes. Voici l'original:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F1/C9/1755633.5d8fafa11.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je commence par sélectionner le ciel avec l'outil "Sélection contiguë":&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="173" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FD/C9/1755645.3bddda591.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je choisis dans le sélecteur d'options de l'outil un seuil de 15.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="178" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F7/C9/1755639.266451021.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
En cliquant maintenant dans le ciel en différents endroits, je sélectionne des zones de tons relativement uniformes. Après une vingtaine de clics avec la touche majuscule enfoncée pour ajouter au fur et à mesure à la sélection, je finis par sélectionner le ciel tout entier.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="175" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F2/C9/1755634.900867021.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Maintenant que le ciel est sélectionné, je vais changer sa luminosité. J'utilise pour cela l'outil courbes, en faisant un clic droit sur la sélection et en choisissant dans le menu Couleurs/Courbes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="228" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F4/C9/1755636.10796c211.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je ramène le point qui se trouvent en bas à gauche au milieu, pour créer une pente plus raide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="215" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F6/C9/1755638.24052c9e1.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'ai obtenu ainsi un ciel bien plus dramatique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="175" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F3/C9/1755635.21f3b5e31.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mais cette opération a aussi amené une dérive désagréable des couleurs du ciel vers les tons bleus-violets. J'utilise pour régler cette question l'outil de teinte-saturation, que l'on trouve en faisant un clic droit sur la sélection et en choisissant le menu Couleurs/Teinte-saturation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="233" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FF/C9/1755647.2ef7c92d1.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je règle la saturation sur -40, ce qui permet de rendre moins coloré et plus gris le ciel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="224" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F9/C9/1755641.0cb386591.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'ai obtenu maintenant le ciel que je souhaitais:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="175" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FE/C9/1755646.9ffb18b71.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je trouve encore que le reste de l'image est un peu terne. Je souhaiterais lui donner un peu d'éclat. J'inverse la sélection en faisant un clic droit sur la sélection et en choisissant le menu Sélection/Inverser.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="238" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FB/C9/1755643.689518ef1.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'obtiens:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="175" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F8/C9/1755640.3e447d0f1.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Maintenant mes prochains ordres s'appliqueront à l'image entière &lt;strong&gt;sauf&lt;/strong&gt; le ciel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour donner plus d'éclat à mon image, je pourrais jouer sur les contrastes et la luminosité, par exemple avec l'outil courbes. J'ai choisi un chemin différent ici: l'utilisation de la commande balance automatique des blancs, que l'on trouve via un clic droit sur la sélection et en choisissant le menu Couleurs/Auto/Balance des blancs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="180" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F5/C9/1755637.157068251.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cette commande est ici largement suffisante pour donner le petit coup d'éclat nécessaire, sans en faire de trop. &lt;strong&gt;On peut maintenant désélectionner toute l'image avec le menu Sélection/Aucune&lt;/strong&gt;. J'obtiens l'image suivante:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="175" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FA/C9/1755642.b246565c1.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Si l'image ressemble maintenant à ce que je voulais obtenir, les transitions aux frontières des sélections sont trop franches pour être honnêtes, particulièrement sur toute la largeur en haut, et dans la végétation en bas. Je vais masquer ces transitions en utilisant l'outil de flou.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="188" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/00/CA/1755648.bae2c6c71.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Choisir une brosse de taille convenable: ici Circle Fuzzy (05) convient; et une opacité de 80%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="175" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F0/C9/1755632.951de0961.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Passer la brosse sur toute la frontière, à plusieurs reprises si nécessaire. Voilà, c'est fini. Le résultat final est le suivant:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FC/C9/1755644.afd521781.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La méthode utilisée ici est primitive, relativement aux possibilités de Gimp, mais elle est suffisante pour comprendre la démarche. On aura intérêt à utiliser quelques outils plus vigoureux mais un peu plus complexes de Gimp: pour ma part, j'utilise généralement un masque de calque pour affiner la sélection et des calques pour dissocier les différentes étapes et permettre des réglages fins. Mais c'est une autre histoire.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Conclusion. Il y a encore quelques années, on pouvait lire que ce qui caractérisait un bon photographe paysagiste, c'était son aptitude à se lever très tôt le matin. La réalité était aussi que les images de nature qui nous étonnaient naguère, étaient aussi des photographies qui étaient grandement transformées par un tireur professionnel. Nous avons depuis, la possibilité de faire très facilement, en quelques minutes et pour un prix dérisoire, ce qui était uniquement possible à un professionnel. Il reste toujours malheureusement à se lever tôt... Ce qui fait la différence entre une photographie sympathique et une excellente photographie, est aujourd'hui très souvent l'habileté du photographe à utiliser son logiciel de retouche d'image. Ne restons pas à la traîne. Apprenons à exploiter ces moyens de création.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TECH][DÉBUTANT][FR] Comment rendre un ciel plus dramatique ?</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/jpnaimepaslespseudonymes"&gt;sǝɯʎuopnǝsd sǝl sɐd ǝɯıɐ,u dɾ&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;La version originale de ce texte se trouve &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/jpnaimepaslespseudonymes/60401"&gt;ici&lt;/a&gt; dans mon blog.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Vous admirez les images du groupe &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/group/flucht"&gt;Beauty of Sky, etc&lt;/a&gt;, ou &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/group/cloud-is-the-color"&gt;Cloud Is The Color&lt;/a&gt; et leurs superbes cieux. Et bien, je vais dévoiler un secret: toutes ces images sont truquées. Bon... truquées est peut-être un adjectif un peu fort: disons... fortement transformées dans un logiciel de retouche d'image. Les images brutes fournies par les capteurs des appareils numériques sont généralement assez plates. En sélectionnant le ciel dans le logiciel de retouche et en modifiant la courbe tonale, on peut suffisamment tricher pour le rendre plus dramatique, plus photogénique. C'est ainsi par exemple que cette image a été produite:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/04/2B/1321732.0e56950c1.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
De même pour celle-ci:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FC/C9/1755644.afd521781.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je propose d'expliquer ici comment obtenir cette deuxième image à partir de l'original issue du capteur sans modification. J'utilise pour ma part &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://ww.gimp-fr.org/"&gt;Gimp&lt;/a&gt;, l'excellentissime logiciel libre et gratuit qui fonctionne sur toutes les plates-formes informatiques. La transformation dure quelques minutes. Voici l'original:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F1/C9/1755633.5d8fafa11.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je commence par sélectionner le ciel avec l'outil "Sélection contiguë":&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="173" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FD/C9/1755645.3bddda591.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je choisis dans le sélecteur d'options de l'outil un seuil de 15.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="178" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F7/C9/1755639.266451021.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
En cliquant maintenant dans le ciel en différents endroits, je sélectionne des zones de tons relativement uniformes. Après une vingtaine de clics avec la touche majuscule enfoncée pour ajouter au fur et à mesure à la sélection, je finis par sélectionner le ciel tout entier.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="175" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F2/C9/1755634.900867021.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Maintenant que le ciel est sélectionné, je vais changer sa luminosité. J'utilise pour cela l'outil courbes, en faisant un clic droit sur la sélection et en choisissant dans le menu Couleurs/Courbes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="228" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F4/C9/1755636.10796c211.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je ramène le point qui se trouvent en bas à gauche au milieu, pour créer une pente plus raide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="215" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F6/C9/1755638.24052c9e1.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'ai obtenu ainsi un ciel bien plus dramatique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="175" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F3/C9/1755635.21f3b5e31.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mais cette opération a aussi amené une dérive désagréable des couleurs du ciel vers les tons bleus-violets. J'utilise pour régler cette question l'outil de teinte-saturation, que l'on trouve en faisant un clic droit sur la sélection et en choisissant le menu Couleurs/Teinte-saturation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="233" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FF/C9/1755647.2ef7c92d1.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je règle la saturation sur -40, ce qui permet de rendre moins coloré et plus gris le ciel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="224" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F9/C9/1755641.0cb386591.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'ai obtenu maintenant le ciel que je souhaitais:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="175" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FE/C9/1755646.9ffb18b71.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je trouve encore que le reste de l'image est un peu terne. Je souhaiterais lui donner un peu d'éclat. J'inverse la sélection en faisant un clic droit sur la sélection et en choisissant le menu Sélection/Inverser.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="238" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FB/C9/1755643.689518ef1.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'obtiens:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="175" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F8/C9/1755640.3e447d0f1.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Maintenant mes prochains ordres s'appliqueront à l'image entière &lt;strong&gt;sauf&lt;/strong&gt; le ciel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour donner plus d'éclat à mon image, je pourrais jouer sur les contrastes et la luminosité, par exemple avec l'outil courbes. J'ai choisi un chemin différent ici: l'utilisation de la commande balance automatique des blancs, que l'on trouve via un clic droit sur la sélection et en choisissant le menu Couleurs/Auto/Balance des blancs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="180" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F5/C9/1755637.157068251.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cette commande est ici largement suffisante pour donner le petit coup d'éclat nécessaire, sans en faire de trop. &lt;strong&gt;On peut maintenant désélectionner toute l'image avec le menu Sélection/Aucune&lt;/strong&gt;. J'obtiens l'image suivante:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="175" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FA/C9/1755642.b246565c1.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Si l'image ressemble maintenant à ce que je voulais obtenir, les transitions aux frontières des sélections sont trop franches pour être honnêtes, particulièrement sur toute la largeur en haut, et dans la végétation en bas. Je vais masquer ces transitions en utilisant l'outil de flou.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="188" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/00/CA/1755648.bae2c6c71.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Choisir une brosse de taille convenable: ici Circle Fuzzy (05) convient; et une opacité de 80%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="175" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/F0/C9/1755632.951de0961.m.jpg" /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Passer la brosse sur toute la frontière, à plusieurs reprises si nécessaire. Voilà, c'est fini. Le résultat final est le suivant:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/5/FC/C9/1755644.afd521781.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La méthode utilisée ici est primitive, relativement aux possibilités de Gimp, mais elle est suffisante pour comprendre la démarche. On aura intérêt à utiliser quelques outils plus vigoureux mais un peu plus complexes de Gimp: pour ma part, j'utilise généralement un masque de calque pour affiner la sélection et des calques pour dissocier les différentes étapes et permettre des réglages fins. Mais c'est une autre histoire.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Conclusion. Il y a encore quelques années, on pouvait lire que ce qui caractérisait un bon photographe paysagiste, c'était son aptitude à se lever très tôt le matin. La réalité était aussi que les images de nature qui nous étonnaient naguère, étaient aussi des photographies qui étaient grandement transformées par un tireur professionnel. Nous avons depuis, la possibilité de faire très facilement, en quelques minutes et pour un prix dérisoire, ce qui était uniquement possible à un professionnel. Il reste toujours malheureusement à se lever tôt... Ce qui fait la différence entre une photographie sympathique et une excellente photographie, est aujourd'hui très souvent l'habileté du photographe à utiliser son logiciel de retouche d'image. Ne restons pas à la traîne. Apprenons à exploiter ces moyens de création.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">sǝɯʎuopnǝsd sǝl sɐd ǝɯıɐ,u dɾ</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[TECH][ES]Como fotografar sen reflejos - by Juan Emilio</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/15204</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2008-03-25,topic-15204</guid>
    <pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2008 14:13:21 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Anne Kunz)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/anne_kunz"&gt;Anne Kunz&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Eso es Juan, una buena persona!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/juane"&gt;www.ipernity.com/home/juane&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Vitamina C&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/anne_kunz/1653718"&gt;&lt;img src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/2E/8F/1543982.6008a8701.m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Vitamina C" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/juane/1641272"&gt;www.ipernity.com/doc/juane/1641272&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anne Kunz dice:&lt;br /&gt;
Lo grand desafío de eso es, no tener reflejo. Eso lo haces con magia.&lt;br /&gt;
Es fantastico!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Publicado hace 24 horas. ( enlace permanente / responder / editar / eliminar )&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
Juan E. pro dice:&lt;br /&gt;
Gracias Anne por tus palabras, pero no tengo magia, jajajajaja, ya quisiera yo, es solo técnica y ademas fácil, si te interesa te lo cuento, un saludo Juan Emilio&lt;br /&gt;
Publicado hace 23 horas. ( enlace permanente / responder )&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
Anne Kunz dice:&lt;br /&gt;
Si lo quiero? Por favor! Cuentame todo!&lt;br /&gt;
Publicado hace 23 horas. ( enlace permanente / responder / editar / eliminar )&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
De :&lt;br /&gt;
    Juan E. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    hace 14 horas (lunes 24 de marzo 2008) &lt;br /&gt;
    Has respondido a este mensaje. (¿ver la respuesta?) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Asunto :&lt;br /&gt;
    Como tomar una foto sin reflejos &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hola Anne,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La cosa es bien sencilla, tu bien sabes que las fotos a la sombra son mejores que las que se hacen con mucha luz, pues yo para hacer bodegones suelo hacerlas con una luz muy tamizada, siempre luz natural, en un interior alejado de la fuente de luz (ventana) y si hay mucha luz suelo tamizarla con la cortina de esa ventana, asi tengo una luz natural, no hay un foco puntual y el unico condicionante es usar el tripode, pues si miras mis exif veras que son velocidades muy lentas, no hay mas magia jajajajjaja, espero haberme explicado, cualquier duda, a tu disposicion siempre, un saludo Juan Emilio&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
______________________________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;
En respuesta a...&lt;br /&gt;
	Has escrito a Juan E. : (hace 6 horas)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Re: Como tomar una foto sin reflejos&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amigo Juan:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Permitame hacer tu mensagem publica?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
es una hermosa explicación que deseo compartilhar, puedo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gracias&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jeanne&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
____________________________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;
De :&lt;br /&gt;
    Juan E. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    hace 6 horas (lunes 24 de marzo 2008) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Asunto :&lt;br /&gt;
    Re: Como tomar una foto sin reflejos &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si claro que puedes, jajajajaja no creo que sea algo que no se sepa entre los aficionados, todo el mundo sabe que las mejores horas para fotografiar en exteriores es cuando el sol no inside sobre lo fotografiado.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Las mejores fotos de flores son las que se hacen a la sombra, prueba y veras que exito.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y ayudar a los demas siempre es gratificante para mi, un saludo. Juan Emilio&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__________________________________________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRACIAS JUAN!&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TECH][ES]Como fotografar sen reflejos - by Juan Emilio</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/anne_kunz"&gt;Anne Kunz&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Eso es Juan, una buena persona!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/juane"&gt;www.ipernity.com/home/juane&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Vitamina C&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/anne_kunz/1653718"&gt;&lt;img src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/2E/8F/1543982.6008a8701.m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Vitamina C" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/juane/1641272"&gt;www.ipernity.com/doc/juane/1641272&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anne Kunz dice:&lt;br /&gt;
Lo grand desafío de eso es, no tener reflejo. Eso lo haces con magia.&lt;br /&gt;
Es fantastico!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Publicado hace 24 horas. ( enlace permanente / responder / editar / eliminar )&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
Juan E. pro dice:&lt;br /&gt;
Gracias Anne por tus palabras, pero no tengo magia, jajajajaja, ya quisiera yo, es solo técnica y ademas fácil, si te interesa te lo cuento, un saludo Juan Emilio&lt;br /&gt;
Publicado hace 23 horas. ( enlace permanente / responder )&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
Anne Kunz dice:&lt;br /&gt;
Si lo quiero? Por favor! Cuentame todo!&lt;br /&gt;
Publicado hace 23 horas. ( enlace permanente / responder / editar / eliminar )&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
De :&lt;br /&gt;
    Juan E. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    hace 14 horas (lunes 24 de marzo 2008) &lt;br /&gt;
    Has respondido a este mensaje. (¿ver la respuesta?) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Asunto :&lt;br /&gt;
    Como tomar una foto sin reflejos &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hola Anne,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La cosa es bien sencilla, tu bien sabes que las fotos a la sombra son mejores que las que se hacen con mucha luz, pues yo para hacer bodegones suelo hacerlas con una luz muy tamizada, siempre luz natural, en un interior alejado de la fuente de luz (ventana) y si hay mucha luz suelo tamizarla con la cortina de esa ventana, asi tengo una luz natural, no hay un foco puntual y el unico condicionante es usar el tripode, pues si miras mis exif veras que son velocidades muy lentas, no hay mas magia jajajajjaja, espero haberme explicado, cualquier duda, a tu disposicion siempre, un saludo Juan Emilio&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
______________________________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;
En respuesta a...&lt;br /&gt;
	Has escrito a Juan E. : (hace 6 horas)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Re: Como tomar una foto sin reflejos&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amigo Juan:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Permitame hacer tu mensagem publica?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
es una hermosa explicación que deseo compartilhar, puedo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gracias&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jeanne&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
____________________________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;
De :&lt;br /&gt;
    Juan E. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    hace 6 horas (lunes 24 de marzo 2008) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Asunto :&lt;br /&gt;
    Re: Como tomar una foto sin reflejos &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si claro que puedes, jajajajaja no creo que sea algo que no se sepa entre los aficionados, todo el mundo sabe que las mejores horas para fotografiar en exteriores es cuando el sol no inside sobre lo fotografiado.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Las mejores fotos de flores son las que se hacen a la sombra, prueba y veras que exito.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Y ayudar a los demas siempre es gratificante para mi, un saludo. Juan Emilio&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__________________________________________________________________________&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GRACIAS JUAN!&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Anne Kunz</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[TECH][DÉBUTANT][FR] La profondeur de champ expliquée aux non techniciens</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/15080</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2008-03-20,topic-15080</guid>
    <pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 2008 21:05:32 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (sǝɯʎuopnǝsd sǝl sɐd ǝɯıɐ,u dɾ)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/jpnaimepaslespseudonymes"&gt;sǝɯʎuopnǝsd sǝl sɐd ǝɯıɐ,u dɾ&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;L'original de cet article peut-être lu dans &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/jpnaimepaslespseudonymes/52043"&gt;mon blog&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lorsque le photographe verrouille la mise au point sur un sujet, en théorie seul ce sujet sera net sur l'image. Les autres sujets situés avant ou après le premier seront en théorie moins nets, et plus on s'éloignera du sujet premier, plus le flou sera grand. Dans la pratique toutefois, le photographe constatera sur l'image une zone plus ou moins importante où tous les sujets qui s'y trouvent sont nets, ou du moins suffisamment nets. &lt;b&gt;La profondeur de champ est cette zone de netteté.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La profondeur de champ n'est pas un couperet. Entre le net et le flou, il y a un continu. Mais il est possible de fixer certaines limites indicatives à cette zone de netteté. Ces distances que l'on peut calculer et les échelles de profondeur de champ que l'on trouve sur certains objectifs sont des indications utiles. Mais ce ne sont pas des limites infranchissables.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="111" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/C1/47/1525697.1754aa581.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La profondeur de champ dépend fondamentalement de trois paramètres: la distance entre l'appareil et le sujet, le diaphragme (ouverture) utilisé et la taille du capteur (ou du film). Plus la distance est petite, le diaphragme ouvert et le capteur grand, plus la profondeur de champ sera réduite. Inversement, plus la distance est grande, le diaphragme fermé et le capteur petit, plus la profondeur de champ sera grande.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/BF/47/1525695.a33317761.m.jpg" /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
À quoi cela sert-il de savoir ces choses ? À comprendre et à prévoir le comportement d'un système photographique. La gestion de la netteté et du flou est ce qui distingue souvent une photographie sympathique d'une excellente photographie. Le flou permet de faire ressortir encore plus ce qui est net !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/C0/47/1525696.e1fabcf21.m.jpg" /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Un des cas les plus courants est celui du portrait. Le photographe veut un visage bien net, en particulier les yeux, mais ne souhaite pas que le fond ne brouille la lisibilité de l'image. Imaginez un fond composé d'arbres, d'autos, d'autres personnes, etc. Avec une bonne gestion de la profondeur de champ, le photographe peut quasiment faire disparaître le fond indésirable en le rendant flou et ainsi valoriser le portrait. Comment faire ? Les paramètres les plus déterminants seront dans ce cas: la distance qui sépare le sujet du fond; le diaphragme. Le photographe aura ainsi intérêt à éloigner le sujet du fond, ou à choisir un fond loin du sujet en tournant autour, et à ouvrir au maximum le diaphragme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/BE/47/1525694.6c501eb11.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;(Bien que le diaphragme soit très fermé (f/9,5), le fond très loin suffit à assurer le flou.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Comment intervient la taille du capteur ? Généralement c'est un point que le photographe ne peut pas changer lors de la prise de vue ! Mais plus il utilisera un appareil avec un petit capteur, typiquement un compact numérique, plus il lui sera difficile d'avoir de beaux fonds flous. Les deux photographies qui suivent, par exemple, auraient été probablement impossibles à faire avec un trop petit capteur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/27/77/1472295.52ddb46b1.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/28/77/1472296.f64b3ce81.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;D'autres idées sur d'autres articles de ce type ? Des choses que les non techniciens souhaiteraient comprendre sans avoir à faire de math ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TECH][DÉBUTANT][FR] La profondeur de champ expliquée aux non techniciens</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/jpnaimepaslespseudonymes"&gt;sǝɯʎuopnǝsd sǝl sɐd ǝɯıɐ,u dɾ&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;L'original de cet article peut-être lu dans &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/jpnaimepaslespseudonymes/52043"&gt;mon blog&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lorsque le photographe verrouille la mise au point sur un sujet, en théorie seul ce sujet sera net sur l'image. Les autres sujets situés avant ou après le premier seront en théorie moins nets, et plus on s'éloignera du sujet premier, plus le flou sera grand. Dans la pratique toutefois, le photographe constatera sur l'image une zone plus ou moins importante où tous les sujets qui s'y trouvent sont nets, ou du moins suffisamment nets. &lt;b&gt;La profondeur de champ est cette zone de netteté.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La profondeur de champ n'est pas un couperet. Entre le net et le flou, il y a un continu. Mais il est possible de fixer certaines limites indicatives à cette zone de netteté. Ces distances que l'on peut calculer et les échelles de profondeur de champ que l'on trouve sur certains objectifs sont des indications utiles. Mais ce ne sont pas des limites infranchissables.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="111" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/C1/47/1525697.1754aa581.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La profondeur de champ dépend fondamentalement de trois paramètres: la distance entre l'appareil et le sujet, le diaphragme (ouverture) utilisé et la taille du capteur (ou du film). Plus la distance est petite, le diaphragme ouvert et le capteur grand, plus la profondeur de champ sera réduite. Inversement, plus la distance est grande, le diaphragme fermé et le capteur petit, plus la profondeur de champ sera grande.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/BF/47/1525695.a33317761.m.jpg" /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
À quoi cela sert-il de savoir ces choses ? À comprendre et à prévoir le comportement d'un système photographique. La gestion de la netteté et du flou est ce qui distingue souvent une photographie sympathique d'une excellente photographie. Le flou permet de faire ressortir encore plus ce qui est net !&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="240" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/C0/47/1525696.e1fabcf21.m.jpg" /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Un des cas les plus courants est celui du portrait. Le photographe veut un visage bien net, en particulier les yeux, mais ne souhaite pas que le fond ne brouille la lisibilité de l'image. Imaginez un fond composé d'arbres, d'autos, d'autres personnes, etc. Avec une bonne gestion de la profondeur de champ, le photographe peut quasiment faire disparaître le fond indésirable en le rendant flou et ainsi valoriser le portrait. Comment faire ? Les paramètres les plus déterminants seront dans ce cas: la distance qui sépare le sujet du fond; le diaphragme. Le photographe aura ainsi intérêt à éloigner le sujet du fond, ou à choisir un fond loin du sujet en tournant autour, et à ouvrir au maximum le diaphragme.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/BE/47/1525694.6c501eb11.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;(Bien que le diaphragme soit très fermé (f/9,5), le fond très loin suffit à assurer le flou.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Comment intervient la taille du capteur ? Généralement c'est un point que le photographe ne peut pas changer lors de la prise de vue ! Mais plus il utilisera un appareil avec un petit capteur, typiquement un compact numérique, plus il lui sera difficile d'avoir de beaux fonds flous. Les deux photographies qui suivent, par exemple, auraient été probablement impossibles à faire avec un trop petit capteur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/27/77/1472295.52ddb46b1.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img width="240" vspace="" hspace="" height="160" align="" alt="" src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/4/28/77/1472296.f64b3ce81.m.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;D'autres idées sur d'autres articles de ce type ? Des choses que les non techniciens souhaiteraient comprendre sans avoir à faire de math ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">sǝɯʎuopnǝsd sǝl sɐd ǝɯıɐ,u dɾ</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[PHOTOSHOP][FR] Digital blending</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/13134</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-12-22,topic-13134</guid>
    <pubDate>Sat, 22 Dec 2007 13:37:13 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;[FR] Ici vous trouvez un interessant tuto d'Anakronik sur la technique appelé digital blending (melange numerique?)&lt;br /&gt;
[EN]Here you will find an interesting Anakronik tutorial (in French) on digital blending&lt;br /&gt;
[IT] Qui troverete una lezione di Anakronik (in frencese) sul digital blending&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/anakronik/27227"&gt;www.ipernity.com/blog/anakronik/27227&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[PHOTOSHOP][FR] Digital blending</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;[FR] Ici vous trouvez un interessant tuto d'Anakronik sur la technique appelé digital blending (melange numerique?)&lt;br /&gt;
[EN]Here you will find an interesting Anakronik tutorial (in French) on digital blending&lt;br /&gt;
[IT] Qui troverete una lezione di Anakronik (in frencese) sul digital blending&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/anakronik/27227"&gt;www.ipernity.com/blog/anakronik/27227&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[GIMP][EN] Color enhancement in LAB color mode</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12643</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-11-23,topic-12643</guid>
    <pubDate>Fri, 23 Nov 2007 15:31:06 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;You can find my post on this theme on my blog: &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/30238"&gt;www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/30238&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[GIMP][EN] Color enhancement in LAB color mode</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;You can find my post on this theme on my blog: &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/30238"&gt;www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/30238&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[PHOTOSHOP][FR][EN].: de belles couleurs { french version }</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12637</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-11-22,topic-12637</guid>
    <pubDate>Thu, 22 Nov 2007 22:47:33 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (hervé)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/hdphotos"&gt;hervé&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;A la demande de &lt;b&gt;Roberto&lt;/b&gt; vous trouverez ici un didacticiel &lt;u&gt;Photoshop&lt;/u&gt; pour &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/hdphotos/28789"&gt;accentuer les couleurs en mode LAB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
EDIT by Roberto Ballerini: in this discussion you'll find a translation to English, thanks to JohnnyBoy&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[PHOTOSHOP][FR][EN].: de belles couleurs { french version }</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/hdphotos"&gt;hervé&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;A la demande de &lt;b&gt;Roberto&lt;/b&gt; vous trouverez ici un didacticiel &lt;u&gt;Photoshop&lt;/u&gt; pour &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/hdphotos/28789"&gt;accentuer les couleurs en mode LAB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
EDIT by Roberto Ballerini: in this discussion you'll find a translation to English, thanks to JohnnyBoy&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">hervé</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[TECH][NEWBIE][EN] From colour to B&amp;W</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12145</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-11-05,topic-12145</guid>
    <pubDate>Mon, 05 Nov 2007 07:23:26 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Various essays&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TECH][NEWBIE][EN] From colour to B&amp;W</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Various essays&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[TO BE WRITTEN]</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12144</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-11-05,topic-12144</guid>
    <pubDate>Mon, 05 Nov 2007 07:22:35 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;I added some article stubs for arguments that I think we must explain here. Who wants to volunteer to write them? They have the title finishing as &lt;b&gt; --&gt; to be written &lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Post on this thread other themes you want to write onto or you want explained&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TO BE WRITTEN]</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;I added some article stubs for arguments that I think we must explain here. Who wants to volunteer to write them? They have the title finishing as &lt;b&gt; --&gt; to be written &lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Post on this thread other themes you want to write onto or you want explained&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[TECH][NEWBIE][EN] Pinhole --&#x3E; to be written</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12143</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-11-05,topic-12143</guid>
    <pubDate>Mon, 05 Nov 2007 07:19:28 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Who will volunteer to write an article on Pinhole?&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TECH][NEWBIE][EN] Pinhole --&#x3E; to be written</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Who will volunteer to write an article on Pinhole?&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[TECH][NEWBIE][EN] LOMO --&#x3E; to be written</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12142</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-11-05,topic-12142</guid>
    <pubDate>Mon, 05 Nov 2007 07:18:43 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Who will volunteer to write an article on lomo?&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TECH][NEWBIE][EN] LOMO --&#x3E; to be written</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Who will volunteer to write an article on lomo?&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[TECH][NEWBIE][EN] Orton --&#x3E; to be written</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12141</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-11-05,topic-12141</guid>
    <pubDate>Mon, 05 Nov 2007 07:18:08 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Who will volunteer to write an article on Orton?&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TECH][NEWBIE][EN] Orton --&#x3E; to be written</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Who will volunteer to write an article on Orton?&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[TECH][NEWBIE][EN][DE] HDR</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12140</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-11-05,topic-12140</guid>
    <pubDate>Mon, 05 Nov 2007 07:15:56 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;I think not all our Ipernity friends know exactly what's HDR.&lt;br /&gt;
HDR stands for High Dynamic Range.&lt;br /&gt;
The problems: film and sensors haven't the same ability of the human eye to record high luminosity differencies. A typical JPG image has a range of 256 different tones for each of the three R(ed)G(reen)B(lue) colour components. Digital sensors can have 16 to 256 times this range. Human eye has greater range. So, in a typical scene with a dark subject against a light background, in a traditional LDR shot we have to choose if we want details in the highlights zone or in the shadows zone.&lt;br /&gt;
The solutions: film and modern sensors capture a much higher range, but this only partially solves our dilemma --&gt; the standard image formats are 8-bits ones (256 tones x component). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First step: capture a wider range --&gt; the RAW formats have 12 to 16 bits per component; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
second step (optional): capture a more wider range --&gt; use the bracketing: mount the camera on a tripod and capture the scene on different shots, changing the exposure value (3 to 15 different exposures are usually employed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
third step: combine the different exposures with specialised softwares (Photomatix and QtPfsGUI are the more common) with a technique called tone-mapping: use details from the lighter exposures for the shadows zone and from the darker exposures for the highlights zone (if we don't make the second step, we have a pseudo-HDR and data from teh same exposure are combined to obtain the pseudoHDR shot).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A visual example:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- original shot (directly converted to JPG):&lt;br /&gt;
"Roar" by Roberto Ballerini &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.consulentionline.org/Ipernity-Easy-Photo-Post.html"&gt;[?]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/robertoballerini/736718/" title="Go to the photo page"&gt;&lt;img src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/1/29/7A/686633.ce3132ba1.l.jpg" alt="Roar by Roberto Ballerini" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- (pseudo)HDR shot (tone-mapped and converted to JPG):&lt;br /&gt;
"Roar (HDR)" by Roberto Ballerini &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.consulentionline.org/Ipernity-Easy-Photo-Post.html"&gt;[?]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/robertoballerini/736720/" title="Go to the photo page"&gt;&lt;img src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/1/2B/7A/686635.ab377b811.l.jpg" alt="Roar (HDR) by Roberto Ballerini" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As you can see, there is a lot more detail in the lion's face, particularly in the ears, but the sky looks too saturated and a little bit unnatural.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Previously posted on the &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/group/hdr"&gt;HDR&lt;/a&gt; group&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TECH][NEWBIE][EN][DE] HDR</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;I think not all our Ipernity friends know exactly what's HDR.&lt;br /&gt;
HDR stands for High Dynamic Range.&lt;br /&gt;
The problems: film and sensors haven't the same ability of the human eye to record high luminosity differencies. A typical JPG image has a range of 256 different tones for each of the three R(ed)G(reen)B(lue) colour components. Digital sensors can have 16 to 256 times this range. Human eye has greater range. So, in a typical scene with a dark subject against a light background, in a traditional LDR shot we have to choose if we want details in the highlights zone or in the shadows zone.&lt;br /&gt;
The solutions: film and modern sensors capture a much higher range, but this only partially solves our dilemma --&gt; the standard image formats are 8-bits ones (256 tones x component). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First step: capture a wider range --&gt; the RAW formats have 12 to 16 bits per component; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
second step (optional): capture a more wider range --&gt; use the bracketing: mount the camera on a tripod and capture the scene on different shots, changing the exposure value (3 to 15 different exposures are usually employed)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
third step: combine the different exposures with specialised softwares (Photomatix and QtPfsGUI are the more common) with a technique called tone-mapping: use details from the lighter exposures for the shadows zone and from the darker exposures for the highlights zone (if we don't make the second step, we have a pseudo-HDR and data from teh same exposure are combined to obtain the pseudoHDR shot).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A visual example:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- original shot (directly converted to JPG):&lt;br /&gt;
"Roar" by Roberto Ballerini &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.consulentionline.org/Ipernity-Easy-Photo-Post.html"&gt;[?]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/robertoballerini/736718/" title="Go to the photo page"&gt;&lt;img src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/1/29/7A/686633.ce3132ba1.l.jpg" alt="Roar by Roberto Ballerini" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- (pseudo)HDR shot (tone-mapped and converted to JPG):&lt;br /&gt;
"Roar (HDR)" by Roberto Ballerini &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.consulentionline.org/Ipernity-Easy-Photo-Post.html"&gt;[?]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/robertoballerini/736720/" title="Go to the photo page"&gt;&lt;img src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/1/2B/7A/686635.ab377b811.l.jpg" alt="Roar (HDR) by Roberto Ballerini" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As you can see, there is a lot more detail in the lion's face, particularly in the ears, but the sky looks too saturated and a little bit unnatural.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Previously posted on the &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/group/hdr"&gt;HDR&lt;/a&gt; group&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[Links] Topic where you can post links to articles</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12047</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-11-01,topic-12047</guid>
    <pubDate>Thu, 01 Nov 2007 12:20:40 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (raf)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/rafaln"&gt;raf&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Hi,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
we are reading many very interesting articles on the web. If you have got/found some interesting article about photography please post it here with short description.&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[Links] Topic where you can post links to articles</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/rafaln"&gt;raf&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Hi,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
we are reading many very interesting articles on the web. If you have got/found some interesting article about photography please post it here with short description.&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">raf</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[DE]Software Linear gradient gray filter / Grauverlauffilter</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12044</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-11-01,topic-12044</guid>
    <pubDate>Thu, 01 Nov 2007 10:38:49 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (nochjemand)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/nochjemand"&gt;nochjemand&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Digitale Kameras haben das Problem einer geringeren Dynamik, was sich z.B. bei Landschaftsaufnahmen dadurch bemerkbar macht, dass Wolken zum Teil überstrahlen währende die Landschaft selbst zu dunkel ist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ein optischer Grauverlauffilter ist ein Filter, der das Licht stufenlos abdunkelt. Er wird bei Landschaftsaufnahmen so eingesetzt, dass der Volle Lichtdurchsatz unten am Objektiv ist und der getönte Teil oben. Hierdurch wird der obere Bildbereich abgedunkelt, während der untere Bereich aufgehellt wird. Der positive Nebeneffekt bei einem optischen Filter ist der, dass der Belichtungsmesser jetzt gleichmässigere Daten bekommt und auch das überstrahlen der Wolken nur noch in Extremfällen auftritt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Der Nachteil liegt sowohl beim Optischen, als auch beim Softwarefilter darin, dass lotrechte Objekte auch mit diesem Verlauf belichtet sind, obwohl hier eher eine gleichmässige Belichtung erwünscht ist, was sich allerdings beim Softwarefilter durch Nachbearbeitung der Maske korrigieren lässt(was ich hier aber nicht beschreiben werde).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So ein Filter lässt sich sehr leicht Softwareseitig abbilden.&lt;br /&gt;
Nachdem man eine Aufnahme gemacht hat kontrolliert man in der Regel das Resultat sofort auf der Kamera. Wenn hier schon ein überstrahlen der Wolken festgestellt wird, ist es lohnenswert die Aufnahme nocheinmal zu machen und dabei etwas kürzer zu belichten.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Auf dem Rechner gibt es mehrere Wege, wie man diesen Verlaufsfilter abbilden kann, wovon ich Zwei beschreiben möchte:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Erster Weg - eine aufgehellte Aufnahme per Verlaufsmaske:&lt;br /&gt;
===============================================&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Diese Methode ist sinnvoll, wenn der Effekt sehr stark sein soll(z.B. bei Gegenlicht).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Die Aufnahme wird im Grafikprogramm geöffnet und der Ebenen Dialog wird aufgerufen.&lt;br /&gt;
Wir brauchen eine zweite hellere Belichtung, die wir auf zwei Arten erzeugen können:&lt;br /&gt;
Aufnahme liegt als Rohdatendatei vor:&lt;br /&gt;
Im Grafikprogramm wird die Rohdatendatei als neue Ebene geöffnet und dabei heller belichtet.&lt;br /&gt;
Aufnahme liegt nicht als Rohdatendatei vor:&lt;br /&gt;
Die Ebene mit der Aufnahme wird dupliziert und mit dem Werkzeug "Helligkeit/Kontrast" aufgehellt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In beiden Fällen sollte die Aufnahme so hell sein, dass die dunklen Bereiche der Aufnahme so hell sind, wie man sie hinterher haben möchte, wobei die helleren Bereich im oberen Bereich komplett ignoriert werden können.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Die Ebene mit der hellen Aufnahme wird durch anklicken aktiv geschaltet und eine weisse Ebenenmaske wird hinzugefügt.&lt;br /&gt;
Durch einen Klick auf die Ebenenmaske in der Ebenenpalette wird die Maske zum editieren ausgewählt.&lt;br /&gt;
Das Werkzeug Farbverlauf wird ausgewählt und es wird hierbei eingestellt, dass der Farbverlauf ungerastert linear von weiss nach schwarz gehen soll.&lt;br /&gt;
Der Mauszeiger wird am unteren Bildrand angesetzt und wird bei gehaltener Maustaste bis zum oberen Bildrand gezogen.&lt;br /&gt;
Nun ist die Ebenenmaske von unten nach oben mit dem Grauverlauf gefüllt, was bewirkt, dass im unteren Bereich die helle Ebene sichtbar ist und im oberen Bereich die Originalebene durchscheint.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eine Aufnahme, bei der diese Methode angewendet wurde:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/nochjemand/591407"&gt;&lt;img src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/2/B3/64/550067.7d51e1d01.m.jpg" width="240" height="163" alt="imgp5499" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zweiter Weg - durch eine Überlagerungsebene:&lt;br /&gt;
======================================&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sinnvoll für einen leichten Aufhellungseffekt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Die Aufnahme wird im Grafikprogramm geöffnet.&lt;br /&gt;
Eine neue transparente Ebene wird hinzugefügt, der Ebenenmodus ist hier bei Gimp "überlagern" bei Photoshop "weiches Licht"&lt;br /&gt;
Die neue Ebene wird durch anklick in der Ebenenpalette aktiv geschaltet.&lt;br /&gt;
Das Farbverlaufswerkzeug wird aktiviert, es wird der Modus von weiss nach schwarz, ungeraster, linear eingestellt.&lt;br /&gt;
Der Mauszeiger wird am unteren Bildrand angesetzt und wird bei gehaltener Maustaste bis zum oberen Bildrand gezogen.&lt;br /&gt;
Die Stärke des Effektes kann nun über den Regler für die Deckkraft der Ebene eingestellt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eine Aufnahme, bei der diese Methode angewendet wurde:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/nochjemand/823685"&gt;&lt;img src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/1/47/B4/767047.1e51a7f01.m.jpg" width="240" height="158" alt="imgp6059" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
======================================&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In beiden Fällen muss der Mauszeiger nicht zwangsläufig von ganz unten nach ganz oben gezogen werden. Es ist oftmals sinnvoll, dass der Verlauf nur um den Horizont herrum sichtbar ist und dadurch der obere Teil komplett abgedunkelt, der untere Bereich komplett aufgehellt ist, was auch eine Stärke des Softwarefilters ist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kann jemand bitte nach en übersetzen?&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[DE]Software Linear gradient gray filter / Grauverlauffilter</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/nochjemand"&gt;nochjemand&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Digitale Kameras haben das Problem einer geringeren Dynamik, was sich z.B. bei Landschaftsaufnahmen dadurch bemerkbar macht, dass Wolken zum Teil überstrahlen währende die Landschaft selbst zu dunkel ist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ein optischer Grauverlauffilter ist ein Filter, der das Licht stufenlos abdunkelt. Er wird bei Landschaftsaufnahmen so eingesetzt, dass der Volle Lichtdurchsatz unten am Objektiv ist und der getönte Teil oben. Hierdurch wird der obere Bildbereich abgedunkelt, während der untere Bereich aufgehellt wird. Der positive Nebeneffekt bei einem optischen Filter ist der, dass der Belichtungsmesser jetzt gleichmässigere Daten bekommt und auch das überstrahlen der Wolken nur noch in Extremfällen auftritt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Der Nachteil liegt sowohl beim Optischen, als auch beim Softwarefilter darin, dass lotrechte Objekte auch mit diesem Verlauf belichtet sind, obwohl hier eher eine gleichmässige Belichtung erwünscht ist, was sich allerdings beim Softwarefilter durch Nachbearbeitung der Maske korrigieren lässt(was ich hier aber nicht beschreiben werde).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So ein Filter lässt sich sehr leicht Softwareseitig abbilden.&lt;br /&gt;
Nachdem man eine Aufnahme gemacht hat kontrolliert man in der Regel das Resultat sofort auf der Kamera. Wenn hier schon ein überstrahlen der Wolken festgestellt wird, ist es lohnenswert die Aufnahme nocheinmal zu machen und dabei etwas kürzer zu belichten.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Auf dem Rechner gibt es mehrere Wege, wie man diesen Verlaufsfilter abbilden kann, wovon ich Zwei beschreiben möchte:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Erster Weg - eine aufgehellte Aufnahme per Verlaufsmaske:&lt;br /&gt;
===============================================&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Diese Methode ist sinnvoll, wenn der Effekt sehr stark sein soll(z.B. bei Gegenlicht).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Die Aufnahme wird im Grafikprogramm geöffnet und der Ebenen Dialog wird aufgerufen.&lt;br /&gt;
Wir brauchen eine zweite hellere Belichtung, die wir auf zwei Arten erzeugen können:&lt;br /&gt;
Aufnahme liegt als Rohdatendatei vor:&lt;br /&gt;
Im Grafikprogramm wird die Rohdatendatei als neue Ebene geöffnet und dabei heller belichtet.&lt;br /&gt;
Aufnahme liegt nicht als Rohdatendatei vor:&lt;br /&gt;
Die Ebene mit der Aufnahme wird dupliziert und mit dem Werkzeug "Helligkeit/Kontrast" aufgehellt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In beiden Fällen sollte die Aufnahme so hell sein, dass die dunklen Bereiche der Aufnahme so hell sind, wie man sie hinterher haben möchte, wobei die helleren Bereich im oberen Bereich komplett ignoriert werden können.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Die Ebene mit der hellen Aufnahme wird durch anklicken aktiv geschaltet und eine weisse Ebenenmaske wird hinzugefügt.&lt;br /&gt;
Durch einen Klick auf die Ebenenmaske in der Ebenenpalette wird die Maske zum editieren ausgewählt.&lt;br /&gt;
Das Werkzeug Farbverlauf wird ausgewählt und es wird hierbei eingestellt, dass der Farbverlauf ungerastert linear von weiss nach schwarz gehen soll.&lt;br /&gt;
Der Mauszeiger wird am unteren Bildrand angesetzt und wird bei gehaltener Maustaste bis zum oberen Bildrand gezogen.&lt;br /&gt;
Nun ist die Ebenenmaske von unten nach oben mit dem Grauverlauf gefüllt, was bewirkt, dass im unteren Bereich die helle Ebene sichtbar ist und im oberen Bereich die Originalebene durchscheint.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eine Aufnahme, bei der diese Methode angewendet wurde:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/nochjemand/591407"&gt;&lt;img src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/2/B3/64/550067.7d51e1d01.m.jpg" width="240" height="163" alt="imgp5499" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zweiter Weg - durch eine Überlagerungsebene:&lt;br /&gt;
======================================&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sinnvoll für einen leichten Aufhellungseffekt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Die Aufnahme wird im Grafikprogramm geöffnet.&lt;br /&gt;
Eine neue transparente Ebene wird hinzugefügt, der Ebenenmodus ist hier bei Gimp "überlagern" bei Photoshop "weiches Licht"&lt;br /&gt;
Die neue Ebene wird durch anklick in der Ebenenpalette aktiv geschaltet.&lt;br /&gt;
Das Farbverlaufswerkzeug wird aktiviert, es wird der Modus von weiss nach schwarz, ungeraster, linear eingestellt.&lt;br /&gt;
Der Mauszeiger wird am unteren Bildrand angesetzt und wird bei gehaltener Maustaste bis zum oberen Bildrand gezogen.&lt;br /&gt;
Die Stärke des Effektes kann nun über den Regler für die Deckkraft der Ebene eingestellt werden.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eine Aufnahme, bei der diese Methode angewendet wurde:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/doc/nochjemand/823685"&gt;&lt;img src="http://u1.ipernity.com/u/1/47/B4/767047.1e51a7f01.m.jpg" width="240" height="158" alt="imgp6059" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
======================================&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In beiden Fällen muss der Mauszeiger nicht zwangsläufig von ganz unten nach ganz oben gezogen werden. Es ist oftmals sinnvoll, dass der Verlauf nur um den Horizont herrum sichtbar ist und dadurch der obere Teil komplett abgedunkelt, der untere Bereich komplett aufgehellt ist, was auch eine Stärke des Softwarefilters ist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kann jemand bitte nach en übersetzen?&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">nochjemand</media:credit>
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    <title>[TRANSLATIONS] How to avoid double trans</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12024</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-10-31,topic-12024</guid>
    <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2007 15:54:41 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Please: when you decide to transalte a post in a different language, add a temporary comment, telling us what language and the estimated time to completion. Thanks&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[TRANSLATIONS] How to avoid double trans</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Please: when you decide to transalte a post in a different language, add a temporary comment, telling us what language and the estimated time to completion. Thanks&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>german translation...</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/12009</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-10-31,topic-12009</guid>
    <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2007 11:51:50 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Cheyenne)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/cheyenne"&gt;Cheyenne&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;hi members, &lt;br /&gt;
i am german and i speak not good english, who is the nice people, ho translate me this page? than i can learning too. greetings and thanks, claudia.&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>german translation...</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/cheyenne"&gt;Cheyenne&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;hi members, &lt;br /&gt;
i am german and i speak not good english, who is the nice people, ho translate me this page? than i can learning too. greetings and thanks, claudia.&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Cheyenne</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>[NEWBIE][EN][DE] #5 About light... again</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/11995</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-10-31,topic-11995</guid>
    <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2007 10:08:05 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/26180"&gt;previous article&lt;/a&gt; I said photography is about painting with light.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I started talking about the various parameters we usually can control in a P&amp;S camera. Now it's time to talk about the other parameters you usually can control on a DSLR camera.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Given all the other settings, in manual mode we must play with the combination of &lt;strong&gt;ISO sensitivity&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;aperture&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;shutter speed.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I try to explain these three parameters with an &lt;strong&gt;example.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Imagine our &lt;strong&gt;sensor&lt;/strong&gt; as a discotheque. Outside there are people waiting for their occasion to enter and there are guardians controlling that "&lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_non_grata"&gt;personae non gratae&lt;/a&gt;" don't come in. Imagine all the people moving at the same speed, in random directions, farther or nearer to the entry door. The guardians open the door for a certain time period and start monitoring for undesired people. Our door is the shutter: the more you open it (i.e. the smaller the F-number), more people can enter. The time the door is open is our shutter speed: the longer you open it (i.e. the smaller your shutter speed), more people can enter. The attention of the guardians is our ISO sensitivity: less they are careful (i.e. the higher is the ISO number), more undesired people will enter (EDIT: and, clearly, people will enter faster). The people are the &lt;strong&gt;photons&lt;/strong&gt; of light, the undesired people are &lt;strong&gt;noise&lt;/strong&gt;, the quantity of people in the disco is &lt;strong&gt;exposure&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If your combination of shutter speed, shutter sperture and ISO sensitivity let &lt;strong&gt;too many photons&lt;/strong&gt; hit the sensor, you'll have an &lt;strong&gt;overexposed&lt;/strong&gt; shot; if your combination of shutter speed, shutter sperture and ISO sensitivity let &lt;strong&gt;too few photons&lt;/strong&gt; hit the sensor, you'll have an &lt;strong&gt;underexposed&lt;/strong&gt; shot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can obtain the right exposure with many combinations of the three parameters: &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;if you double one of the three, you must divide by two one of the others (or their product)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But you must consider that those combinations give you the same exposure but not the same shot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you open very wide the door (&lt;strong&gt;high aperture, low F-number&lt;/strong&gt;), only people reletively near to the door will be able to enter; so you will have a little focused zone with a blurred background; if you use a little aperture and open for more time, people farther from the door will have their occasion to enter (do you remember? all the people move at the same speed in random directions!): you will have a deeper focused zone. The depth of the focused zone is called &lt;strong&gt;depth of field (or DOF)&lt;/strong&gt;: so &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;the smaller the aperture (high F-number), the deeper the focused zone&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Last information about focus: when you focus on a subject, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the focused zone is divided one third in front of it and two thirds behind it&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;About &lt;strong&gt;noise&lt;/strong&gt;: when you use an high sensitivity film (or sensor setting), you can take shot with less light; the shot you'll obtain will have more noise; this noise will appear as &lt;strong&gt;grain&lt;/strong&gt; in b&amp;w shots and as colour imperfections in colour shots. There are software filters that try to correct this, but remember the old GIGO rule: &lt;strong&gt;garbage in, garbage out&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; the mean quality of what you obtain out of the filter will be the same of what you trough in --&gt; some shots would be corrected and some shots will look worse. Tipically those filters use some kind of interpolation, giving good results on smooth situations and bad results where there are great variation of light or colour. I found numerous sources that invite us to &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;beware of the long exposure noise corrections integrated in some DSLR cameras&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. Stop with the bad news. Go for the good news: noise is a statistical entity. So, if you take different shots of the same scene, the noisy pixel will be distributed randomly. How can we use this information?&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; If we take a shot of a dark static scene, take more than one shot and combine them as layers in GIMP or Photoshop, using the Addition mode: noise will be less evident&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;You can find the original here&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/27115"&gt;www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/27115&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[NEWBIE][EN][DE] #5 About light... again</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/26180"&gt;previous article&lt;/a&gt; I said photography is about painting with light.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I started talking about the various parameters we usually can control in a P&amp;S camera. Now it's time to talk about the other parameters you usually can control on a DSLR camera.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Given all the other settings, in manual mode we must play with the combination of &lt;strong&gt;ISO sensitivity&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;aperture&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;shutter speed.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I try to explain these three parameters with an &lt;strong&gt;example.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Imagine our &lt;strong&gt;sensor&lt;/strong&gt; as a discotheque. Outside there are people waiting for their occasion to enter and there are guardians controlling that "&lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_non_grata"&gt;personae non gratae&lt;/a&gt;" don't come in. Imagine all the people moving at the same speed, in random directions, farther or nearer to the entry door. The guardians open the door for a certain time period and start monitoring for undesired people. Our door is the shutter: the more you open it (i.e. the smaller the F-number), more people can enter. The time the door is open is our shutter speed: the longer you open it (i.e. the smaller your shutter speed), more people can enter. The attention of the guardians is our ISO sensitivity: less they are careful (i.e. the higher is the ISO number), more undesired people will enter (EDIT: and, clearly, people will enter faster). The people are the &lt;strong&gt;photons&lt;/strong&gt; of light, the undesired people are &lt;strong&gt;noise&lt;/strong&gt;, the quantity of people in the disco is &lt;strong&gt;exposure&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If your combination of shutter speed, shutter sperture and ISO sensitivity let &lt;strong&gt;too many photons&lt;/strong&gt; hit the sensor, you'll have an &lt;strong&gt;overexposed&lt;/strong&gt; shot; if your combination of shutter speed, shutter sperture and ISO sensitivity let &lt;strong&gt;too few photons&lt;/strong&gt; hit the sensor, you'll have an &lt;strong&gt;underexposed&lt;/strong&gt; shot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can obtain the right exposure with many combinations of the three parameters: &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;if you double one of the three, you must divide by two one of the others (or their product)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But you must consider that those combinations give you the same exposure but not the same shot.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you open very wide the door (&lt;strong&gt;high aperture, low F-number&lt;/strong&gt;), only people reletively near to the door will be able to enter; so you will have a little focused zone with a blurred background; if you use a little aperture and open for more time, people farther from the door will have their occasion to enter (do you remember? all the people move at the same speed in random directions!): you will have a deeper focused zone. The depth of the focused zone is called &lt;strong&gt;depth of field (or DOF)&lt;/strong&gt;: so &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;the smaller the aperture (high F-number), the deeper the focused zone&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Last information about focus: when you focus on a subject, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the focused zone is divided one third in front of it and two thirds behind it&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;About &lt;strong&gt;noise&lt;/strong&gt;: when you use an high sensitivity film (or sensor setting), you can take shot with less light; the shot you'll obtain will have more noise; this noise will appear as &lt;strong&gt;grain&lt;/strong&gt; in b&amp;w shots and as colour imperfections in colour shots. There are software filters that try to correct this, but remember the old GIGO rule: &lt;strong&gt;garbage in, garbage out&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; the mean quality of what you obtain out of the filter will be the same of what you trough in --&gt; some shots would be corrected and some shots will look worse. Tipically those filters use some kind of interpolation, giving good results on smooth situations and bad results where there are great variation of light or colour. I found numerous sources that invite us to &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;beware of the long exposure noise corrections integrated in some DSLR cameras&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. Stop with the bad news. Go for the good news: noise is a statistical entity. So, if you take different shots of the same scene, the noisy pixel will be distributed randomly. How can we use this information?&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; If we take a shot of a dark static scene, take more than one shot and combine them as layers in GIMP or Photoshop, using the Addition mode: noise will be less evident&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;You can find the original here&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/27115"&gt;www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/27115&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
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    <title>[NEWBIE][EN][DE] #4 About perspective and focal length</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/11994</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-10-31,topic-11994</guid>
    <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2007 10:05:08 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;I've seen that there is interest for these articles, but perhaps they're too long. So I start a series of shorter ones (translators welcomed!).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This new article was stimulated by &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/14433/26180/comment/672685#comment672685"&gt;one of the comments&lt;/a&gt; to the &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/26180"&gt;previous one&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/19240"&gt;Don Andre&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I talked about the effect of the focal on the quantity of light hitting the sensor with a zoom lens, but there is another more important effect: &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_distortion_(photography)"&gt;perspective distortion&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Simply said: when you change the focal length of you camera acting on the zoom, you not only magnify the focused subject, but you also change the appearence of the background. If you change your distance from the subject to have it of the same size on the image, you'll have a different background.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beware of the "background" word: if you're making a close portrait, the eyes are the "background" of the nose; the wider the lens angle (less millimeters as in wide-angle, fisheye, macro, ...), the larger will seem a face in a portrait; the tigther the lens angle (more millimeters, longer focals, zoom, tele, ...), the narrower will seem the face.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can use those notions for artistic effects and trompe-l'oeil. Anyway you must account for it when you move closer/farter from a subject: if you make a portrait with a close-up, you'll magnify the nose of the subject  and the face will seem larger than it is and sometimes the portrayed person will be a little bit upset from this effect...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For a more thorough introduction: &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ephotozine.com/article/Focal-lengths-in-portraits"&gt;www.ephotozine.com/article/Focal-lengths-in-portraits&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;and &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.trustedreviews.com/digital-cameras/review/2007/01/23/Digital-Photography-Tutorial-Focul-Length/p1"&gt;www.trustedreviews.com/digital-cameras/review/2007/01/23/Digital-Photography-Tutorial-Focul-Length/p1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;The original is on my blog&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/27012"&gt;www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/27012&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[NEWBIE][EN][DE] #4 About perspective and focal length</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;I've seen that there is interest for these articles, but perhaps they're too long. So I start a series of shorter ones (translators welcomed!).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This new article was stimulated by &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/14433/26180/comment/672685#comment672685"&gt;one of the comments&lt;/a&gt; to the &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/26180"&gt;previous one&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/19240"&gt;Don Andre&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I talked about the effect of the focal on the quantity of light hitting the sensor with a zoom lens, but there is another more important effect: &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_distortion_(photography)"&gt;perspective distortion&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Simply said: when you change the focal length of you camera acting on the zoom, you not only magnify the focused subject, but you also change the appearence of the background. If you change your distance from the subject to have it of the same size on the image, you'll have a different background.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beware of the "background" word: if you're making a close portrait, the eyes are the "background" of the nose; the wider the lens angle (less millimeters as in wide-angle, fisheye, macro, ...), the larger will seem a face in a portrait; the tigther the lens angle (more millimeters, longer focals, zoom, tele, ...), the narrower will seem the face.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can use those notions for artistic effects and trompe-l'oeil. Anyway you must account for it when you move closer/farter from a subject: if you make a portrait with a close-up, you'll magnify the nose of the subject  and the face will seem larger than it is and sometimes the portrayed person will be a little bit upset from this effect...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For a more thorough introduction: &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ephotozine.com/article/Focal-lengths-in-portraits"&gt;www.ephotozine.com/article/Focal-lengths-in-portraits&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;and &lt;a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.trustedreviews.com/digital-cameras/review/2007/01/23/Digital-Photography-Tutorial-Focul-Length/p1"&gt;www.trustedreviews.com/digital-cameras/review/2007/01/23/Digital-Photography-Tutorial-Focul-Length/p1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;The original is on my blog&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/27012"&gt;www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/27012&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
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    <title>[NEWBIE][EN][DE] #3 About light</title>
    <link>http://www.ipernity.com/group/30082/discuss/11993</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2007-10-31,topic-11993</guid>
    <pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2007 10:02:22 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Roberto Ballerini - traveling)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a newbie, I'm always searching for great scenes, monuments, expressions and sometimes I study how to compose it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I gave little attention to light, but photography, as its etymology says, its about "writing, painting with light".&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But what are the elements influencing our possibility to paint with light?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They are all encompassed by the term exposure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I will try to explain something about exposure in the simplest way.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Camera sensors (or films, if you use an analogue camera) are sort of light measurement instruments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When we press the button, the shutter is open and light photons strike the single pixels of the sensor. Each pixel of the sensors, broadly speaking, "counts" the photons striking it: more photons implies more light, more light implies a lighter scene. (This is a great simplification: what is really counted are different light wavelenghts, corresponding to the different hues).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If we have a given scene (and, consequently, a given light), how can we control the way light strikes our sensor?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some parameters come to mind:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;how much we open the shutter, called &lt;strong&gt;aperture&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;how long we open the shutter, called &lt;strong&gt;exposure time&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;how sensible is our sensor, called &lt;strong&gt;ISO sensitivity&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the "whiteness" of the scene, controlled by &lt;strong&gt;white balance&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the quality of our &lt;strong&gt;lenses&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the length of our objective, called &lt;strong&gt;focal&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the presence of &lt;strong&gt;filters&lt;/strong&gt;, changing the wavelenghts that can strike the sensor.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Not all these parameters can be controlled in a point and shoot camera; usually you can change the focal, the ISO sensitivity, the white balance and use exposure compensation and focus/exposure lock.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some guidelines for P&amp;S users:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;the camera software decides the combination of how much and how long to open the shutter, i.e. aperture and time, to have a good exposition;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;this is made evaluating the light of the scene you see in the viewer or in the LCD;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;this is based on an &lt;strong&gt;average &lt;/strong&gt;lighting and can be totally wrong:&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;if you're taking a shot of a scene with a &lt;strong&gt;light source&lt;/strong&gt;, the presence of the light source give to the scene an high average; the same is happening if you have an high reflective surface as &lt;strong&gt;snow&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;sand&lt;/strong&gt;; in this case the automatic metering fails and you have un &lt;strong&gt;underexposed&lt;/strong&gt; scene: you must give a &lt;strong&gt;positive compensation&lt;/strong&gt;, a + in the EV scale&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;in the opposite situation (a large &lt;strong&gt;black&lt;/strong&gt; object, large &lt;strong&gt;shadows&lt;/strong&gt;), you'll obtain an &lt;strong&gt;overexposed&lt;/strong&gt; scene: you must choose a &lt;strong&gt;negative compensation&lt;/strong&gt;, a - in the EV scale&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;if you have a camera with focus/exposure lock, you can half press the button pointing to a scene without the object too black or too white and then turn to the scene you want to take and completely press&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;white balance has the same function of colored filters; it is used to account for the different composition of light in different situation; I think you observed that the light of a tungsten lamp is more yellow than the light of sun and the light of a fluorescent lamp is more white; in the old times of film cameras, fileters where used to correct the different color of light (called a &lt;strong&gt;dominant&lt;/strong&gt;); now the same function is given by white balance; if you can shot in RAW format, this isn't a problem: you can change the white balance after downloading the shot form the camera; if you don't have a RAW option (as the majority of P&amp;S don't have), you have to choose the white balance before shooting; the automatic white balance (AWB) setting is dangerous (as all the automatic settings do, it subtracts to you the control of what you want to realize); try to make second nature switching from daylight to the other settings when necessary;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ISO sensitivity is a standard measure for the ability of films/sensors to detect light; the higher the ISO sensitivity, the lighter the light you need to expose the shot; what's the price? with high sensitivity, you capture lots of noise and your shot become more grainy; so: &lt;strong&gt;low light --&gt; high ISO --&gt; more grain; more light --&gt; low ISO --&gt; less grain&lt;/strong&gt; (but you can use it for artistic effects);&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;focal length: if you use a tele-lens, &lt;strong&gt;the more you zoom, less light you capture&lt;/strong&gt;, longer will be the exposure or more opened will be the shutter&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;when you use a (not neutral) filter, less light strikes the sensor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In one of the next articles, I will complete this exposure analysis, talking about the parameters you can control in a (D)SLR when you shot in manual mode, aperture priority, shutter speed priority and depth of focus (DOF)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;The &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/26180"&gt;original&lt;/a&gt; is on my blog&lt;/b&gt;; in the comments you'll find some corrections and a translation in German: &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/26180#comments"&gt;www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/26180#comments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>[NEWBIE][EN][DE] #3 About light</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/home/robertoballerini"&gt;Roberto Ballerini - traveling&lt;/a&gt; has started a topic:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a newbie, I'm always searching for great scenes, monuments, expressions and sometimes I study how to compose it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I gave little attention to light, but photography, as its etymology says, its about "writing, painting with light".&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But what are the elements influencing our possibility to paint with light?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They are all encompassed by the term exposure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I will try to explain something about exposure in the simplest way.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Camera sensors (or films, if you use an analogue camera) are sort of light measurement instruments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When we press the button, the shutter is open and light photons strike the single pixels of the sensor. Each pixel of the sensors, broadly speaking, "counts" the photons striking it: more photons implies more light, more light implies a lighter scene. (This is a great simplification: what is really counted are different light wavelenghts, corresponding to the different hues).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If we have a given scene (and, consequently, a given light), how can we control the way light strikes our sensor?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some parameters come to mind:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;how much we open the shutter, called &lt;strong&gt;aperture&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;how long we open the shutter, called &lt;strong&gt;exposure time&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;how sensible is our sensor, called &lt;strong&gt;ISO sensitivity&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the "whiteness" of the scene, controlled by &lt;strong&gt;white balance&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the quality of our &lt;strong&gt;lenses&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the length of our objective, called &lt;strong&gt;focal&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;the presence of &lt;strong&gt;filters&lt;/strong&gt;, changing the wavelenghts that can strike the sensor.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Not all these parameters can be controlled in a point and shoot camera; usually you can change the focal, the ISO sensitivity, the white balance and use exposure compensation and focus/exposure lock.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some guidelines for P&amp;S users:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;the camera software decides the combination of how much and how long to open the shutter, i.e. aperture and time, to have a good exposition;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;this is made evaluating the light of the scene you see in the viewer or in the LCD;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;this is based on an &lt;strong&gt;average &lt;/strong&gt;lighting and can be totally wrong:&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;if you're taking a shot of a scene with a &lt;strong&gt;light source&lt;/strong&gt;, the presence of the light source give to the scene an high average; the same is happening if you have an high reflective surface as &lt;strong&gt;snow&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;sand&lt;/strong&gt;; in this case the automatic metering fails and you have un &lt;strong&gt;underexposed&lt;/strong&gt; scene: you must give a &lt;strong&gt;positive compensation&lt;/strong&gt;, a + in the EV scale&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;in the opposite situation (a large &lt;strong&gt;black&lt;/strong&gt; object, large &lt;strong&gt;shadows&lt;/strong&gt;), you'll obtain an &lt;strong&gt;overexposed&lt;/strong&gt; scene: you must choose a &lt;strong&gt;negative compensation&lt;/strong&gt;, a - in the EV scale&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;if you have a camera with focus/exposure lock, you can half press the button pointing to a scene without the object too black or too white and then turn to the scene you want to take and completely press&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;white balance has the same function of colored filters; it is used to account for the different composition of light in different situation; I think you observed that the light of a tungsten lamp is more yellow than the light of sun and the light of a fluorescent lamp is more white; in the old times of film cameras, fileters where used to correct the different color of light (called a &lt;strong&gt;dominant&lt;/strong&gt;); now the same function is given by white balance; if you can shot in RAW format, this isn't a problem: you can change the white balance after downloading the shot form the camera; if you don't have a RAW option (as the majority of P&amp;S don't have), you have to choose the white balance before shooting; the automatic white balance (AWB) setting is dangerous (as all the automatic settings do, it subtracts to you the control of what you want to realize); try to make second nature switching from daylight to the other settings when necessary;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;ISO sensitivity is a standard measure for the ability of films/sensors to detect light; the higher the ISO sensitivity, the lighter the light you need to expose the shot; what's the price? with high sensitivity, you capture lots of noise and your shot become more grainy; so: &lt;strong&gt;low light --&gt; high ISO --&gt; more grain; more light --&gt; low ISO --&gt; less grain&lt;/strong&gt; (but you can use it for artistic effects);&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;focal length: if you use a tele-lens, &lt;strong&gt;the more you zoom, less light you capture&lt;/strong&gt;, longer will be the exposure or more opened will be the shutter&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;when you use a (not neutral) filter, less light strikes the sensor&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In one of the next articles, I will complete this exposure analysis, talking about the parameters you can control in a (D)SLR when you shot in manual mode, aperture priority, shutter speed priority and depth of focus (DOF)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;The &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/26180"&gt;original&lt;/a&gt; is on my blog&lt;/b&gt;; in the comments you'll find some corrections and a translation in German: &lt;a href="http://www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/26180#comments"&gt;www.ipernity.com/blog/robertoballerini/26180#comments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Roberto Ballerini - traveling</media:credit>
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