https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/401855 https://cdn.ipernity.com/p/105/57/EF/323415.buddy.jpg https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/401855 Mon, 05 Oct 2026 10:41:08 +0000 Mon, 05 Oct 2026 10:41:08 +0000 https://www.ipernity.com https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53055362/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2025-08-22,doc-53055362 Fri, 22 Aug 2025 20:56:29 +0000 2025-05-01T22:56:29+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53055362/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/53/62/53055362.1e6cd897.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="162" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Liège is the center of the largest Walloon agglomeration, and the cultural center of the Walloon region of Belgium. The city, with a population of about 200.000, is located at the confluence of the Ourthe and Meuse rivers.<br /> <br /> Around 705, Saint Lambert of Maastricht is credited with completing the Christianization of the region, but conversion may still not have been quite universal, since Lambert was murdered in Liège. To enshrine his relics, the successor, Hubertus (later St. Hubert), built a basilica which became the nucleus of the city.<br /> In 1468, following an uprising of the inhabitants against Burgundian rule, xof Burgundy had the city plundered and systematically destroyed. The few survivors who had fled into the forests—Charles the Bold allegedly had more than 5,000 inhabitants murdered—were only able to return to the city for reconstruction after seven years.<br /> <br /> In 1789, partly in connection with the French Revolution, the Liège Revolution occurred. It was directed against the absolutist rule of the Prince-Bishop and was crushed in early 1791 by troops commissioned by the Holy Roman Empire. In 1795, Liège was occupied by French troops and became part of the First French Republic. The Congress of Vienna annexed it to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which in 1830 became the Kingdom of Belgium, to which Liège has belonged ever since.<br /> <br /> <br /> The Church of St. James the Younger is the former abbey church of St. James's Abbey, founded in 1015 by Balderic II, Notker's successor. The abbey was secularized by Pope Pius VI in 1785 and converted into a collegiate church. The new chapter consisted of thirty canons. After the Revolution, the church became a parish church, the main cloister was converted into a park, and the monastery buildings were demolished.<br /> <br /> <br /> The present late Gothic church, completed in 1538, replaced the early Romanesque church. The church is 90 meters long, 30 meters wide, and 38 meters high and has the floor plan of a Latin cross.<br /> <br /> The choir stalls are from the 14th century</div> Liège - Saint-Jacques-le-Mineur <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53055362/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/53/62/53055362.1e6cd897.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="162" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Liège is the center of the largest Walloon agglomeration, and the cultural center of the Walloon region of Belgium. The city, with a population of about 200.000, is located at the confluence of the Ourthe and Meuse rivers.<br /> <br /> Around 705, Saint Lambert of Maastricht is credited with completing the Christianization of the region, but conversion may still not have been quite universal, since Lambert was murdered in Liège. To enshrine his relics, the successor, Hubertus (later St. Hubert), built a basilica which became the nucleus of the city.<br /> In 1468, following an uprising of the inhabitants against Burgundian rule, xof Burgundy had the city plundered and systematically destroyed. The few survivors who had fled into the forests—Charles the Bold allegedly had more than 5,000 inhabitants murdered—were only able to return to the city for reconstruction after seven years.<br /> <br /> In 1789, partly in connection with the French Revolution, the Liège Revolution occurred. It was directed against the absolutist rule of the Prince-Bishop and was crushed in early 1791 by troops commissioned by the Holy Roman Empire. In 1795, Liège was occupied by French troops and became part of the First French Republic. The Congress of Vienna annexed it to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which in 1830 became the Kingdom of Belgium, to which Liège has belonged ever since.<br /> <br /> <br /> The Church of St. James the Younger is the former abbey church of St. James's Abbey, founded in 1015 by Balderic II, Notker's successor. The abbey was secularized by Pope Pius VI in 1785 and converted into a collegiate church. The new chapter consisted of thirty canons. After the Revolution, the church became a parish church, the main cloister was converted into a park, and the monastery buildings were demolished.<br /> <br /> <br /> The present late Gothic church, completed in 1538, replaced the early Romanesque church. The church is 90 meters long, 30 meters wide, and 38 meters high and has the floor plan of a Latin cross.<br /> <br /> The choir stalls are from the 14th century</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52822558/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2025-03-24,doc-52822558 Mon, 24 Mar 2025 11:38:06 +0000 2024-09-01T14:00:23+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52822558/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/25/58/52822558.b5615372.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="139" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The town's origins date back to the 7th century. The first known building was a church founded by John of Beverley (+ 721), the later canonized Bishop of York. Around 850, the monastery was dissolved by the invasion of the "Great Heathen Army" of Vikings, and the town became part of the new Kingdom of Jorvik. However, the veneration of John of Beverley ensured that the region's population grew steadily until the 10th century.<br /> <br /> The Archbishops of York encouraged the development of Beverley. The town, along with York, Ripon, and Southwell, became one of the most important Christian centers in England.<br /> <br /> After the Norman conquest of England, many pilgrims flocked to Beverley after hearing of the miracles performed by John of Beverley. Many people in the north of England rejected Norman rule. The Normans then ravaged the towns of Yorkshire. Beverley, however, was spared due to the sanctity of the place.<br /> <br /> <br /> Tradition attributes the refoundation of the monastery as a collegiate church of secular canons to King Æthelstan. The establishment of a significant minster and its privileges occurred gradually, but by the early 11th century, Bishop John's tomb had become an important pilgrimage center, as he was canonized in 1037, and his cult encouraged the growth of a town around the minster.<br /> <br /> A fire in 1188 seriously damaged the minster and the town. A complete rebuilding was required. During the construction, a new lantern tower over the eastern crossing designed to illuminate the shrine of St John was under construction, but it collapsed in 1219 necessitating a partial rebuild of the church. By 1260 the retrochoir, choir, chapter house, transepts, and crossing were complete. Overwhelmingly tall and spacious, and speaking to the increasing skills of the stonecarvers, this new work was radically different from the old Saxon and Norman structure it replaced. It was the product of the novel structural systems and artistic development that together define the Gothic style brought to England in the late 12th century.<br /> <br /> The choir stalls, where once the canons met to sing and pray. There are 68 misericords here. Carved in 1520, they are most probably the work of the Ripon School of Carvers<br /> <br /> A man with whip over cowering ape - A hunter with dogs attacking a bear - A bear dancing to a bagpipe played by an ape.</div> Beverley Minster <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52822558/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/25/58/52822558.b5615372.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="139" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The town's origins date back to the 7th century. The first known building was a church founded by John of Beverley (+ 721), the later canonized Bishop of York. Around 850, the monastery was dissolved by the invasion of the "Great Heathen Army" of Vikings, and the town became part of the new Kingdom of Jorvik. However, the veneration of John of Beverley ensured that the region's population grew steadily until the 10th century.<br /> <br /> The Archbishops of York encouraged the development of Beverley. The town, along with York, Ripon, and Southwell, became one of the most important Christian centers in England.<br /> <br /> After the Norman conquest of England, many pilgrims flocked to Beverley after hearing of the miracles performed by John of Beverley. Many people in the north of England rejected Norman rule. The Normans then ravaged the towns of Yorkshire. Beverley, however, was spared due to the sanctity of the place.<br /> <br /> <br /> Tradition attributes the refoundation of the monastery as a collegiate church of secular canons to King Æthelstan. The establishment of a significant minster and its privileges occurred gradually, but by the early 11th century, Bishop John's tomb had become an important pilgrimage center, as he was canonized in 1037, and his cult encouraged the growth of a town around the minster.<br /> <br /> A fire in 1188 seriously damaged the minster and the town. A complete rebuilding was required. During the construction, a new lantern tower over the eastern crossing designed to illuminate the shrine of St John was under construction, but it collapsed in 1219 necessitating a partial rebuild of the church. By 1260 the retrochoir, choir, chapter house, transepts, and crossing were complete. Overwhelmingly tall and spacious, and speaking to the increasing skills of the stonecarvers, this new work was radically different from the old Saxon and Norman structure it replaced. It was the product of the novel structural systems and artistic development that together define the Gothic style brought to England in the late 12th century.<br /> <br /> The choir stalls, where once the canons met to sing and pray. There are 68 misericords here. Carved in 1520, they are most probably the work of the Ripon School of Carvers<br /> <br /> A man with whip over cowering ape - A hunter with dogs attacking a bear - A bear dancing to a bagpipe played by an ape.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52716274/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-12-08,doc-52716274 Sun, 08 Dec 2024 18:41:06 +0000 2024-07-01T13:29:00+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52716274/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/74/52716274.74aeab6b.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="127" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Around 1110, a Norman castle was founded built in what is now Haverfordwest by the Norman Gilbert de Clare. Flemings, said to have arrived soon later are likely to have participated in its later development for their own and the Normans' protection from the Welsh warlords.<br /> <br /> The Flemish presence, reputed to result from floods in the Low Countries, was more likely to have consisted initially of Flemish mercenaries originally in the invading army of William the Conqueror, who in reward for their part in William's victory were granted lands.<br /> <br /> The town grew around the castle and the church of St Martin and later expanded to the area of today's High Street. As a result of this development, the town soon became the capital of an area known as ‘Little England Beyond Wales’, where English was spoken. The suburb of Prendergast appears to have originally been a Welsh dormitory, dating from the time when the fearful Normans tried to prevent Welsh people from entering the castle walls after dark with weapons.<br /> <br /> Of the three main churches in the town, St Mary's was originally the church for the merchants. It was orinially built in the late 12th century and was probably rebuilt in the 1240s, after being damaged by Llewelyn the Great in 1220. An upper level of clerestory windows was added during the 15th century.<br /> <br /> <br /> A gifted monkey plays the harp</div> Haverfordwest - St Mary <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52716274/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/74/52716274.74aeab6b.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="127" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Around 1110, a Norman castle was founded built in what is now Haverfordwest by the Norman Gilbert de Clare. Flemings, said to have arrived soon later are likely to have participated in its later development for their own and the Normans' protection from the Welsh warlords.<br /> <br /> The Flemish presence, reputed to result from floods in the Low Countries, was more likely to have consisted initially of Flemish mercenaries originally in the invading army of William the Conqueror, who in reward for their part in William's victory were granted lands.<br /> <br /> The town grew around the castle and the church of St Martin and later expanded to the area of today's High Street. As a result of this development, the town soon became the capital of an area known as ‘Little England Beyond Wales’, where English was spoken. The suburb of Prendergast appears to have originally been a Welsh dormitory, dating from the time when the fearful Normans tried to prevent Welsh people from entering the castle walls after dark with weapons.<br /> <br /> Of the three main churches in the town, St Mary's was originally the church for the merchants. It was orinially built in the late 12th century and was probably rebuilt in the 1240s, after being damaged by Llewelyn the Great in 1220. An upper level of clerestory windows was added during the 15th century.<br /> <br /> <br /> A gifted monkey plays the harp</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52716154/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-12-08,doc-52716154 Sun, 08 Dec 2024 15:16:38 +0000 2024-07-01T13:38:00+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52716154/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/61/54/52716154.2a591331.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Around 1110, a Norman castle was founded built in what is now Haverfordwest by the Norman Gilbert de Clare. Flemings, said to have arrived soon later are likely to have participated in its later development for their own and the Normans' protection from the Welsh warlords.<br /> <br /> The Flemish presence, reputed to result from floods in the Low Countries, was more likely to have consisted initially of Flemish mercenaries originally in the invading army of William the Conqueror, who in reward for their part in William's victory were granted lands.<br /> <br /> The town grew around the castle and the church of St Martin and later expanded to the area of today's High Street. As a result of this development, the town soon became the capital of an area known as ‘Little England Beyond Wales’, where English was spoken. The suburb of Prendergast appears to have originally been a Welsh dormitory, dating from the time when the fearful Normans tried to prevent Welsh people from entering the castle walls after dark with weapons.<br /> <br /> Of the three main churches in the town, St Mary's was originally the church for the merchants. It was orinially built in the late 12th century and was probably rebuilt in the 1240s, after being damaged by Llewelyn the Great in 1220. An upper level of clerestory windows was added during the 15th century.<br /> <br /> The tower originally had a timber spire clad in lead, though it was removed in 1802 after becoming dangerous.<br /> <br /> A monkey</div> Haverfordwest - St Mary <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52716154/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/61/54/52716154.2a591331.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Around 1110, a Norman castle was founded built in what is now Haverfordwest by the Norman Gilbert de Clare. Flemings, said to have arrived soon later are likely to have participated in its later development for their own and the Normans' protection from the Welsh warlords.<br /> <br /> The Flemish presence, reputed to result from floods in the Low Countries, was more likely to have consisted initially of Flemish mercenaries originally in the invading army of William the Conqueror, who in reward for their part in William's victory were granted lands.<br /> <br /> The town grew around the castle and the church of St Martin and later expanded to the area of today's High Street. As a result of this development, the town soon became the capital of an area known as ‘Little England Beyond Wales’, where English was spoken. The suburb of Prendergast appears to have originally been a Welsh dormitory, dating from the time when the fearful Normans tried to prevent Welsh people from entering the castle walls after dark with weapons.<br /> <br /> Of the three main churches in the town, St Mary's was originally the church for the merchants. It was orinially built in the late 12th century and was probably rebuilt in the 1240s, after being damaged by Llewelyn the Great in 1220. An upper level of clerestory windows was added during the 15th century.<br /> <br /> The tower originally had a timber spire clad in lead, though it was removed in 1802 after becoming dangerous.<br /> <br /> A monkey</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52692460/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-11-13,doc-52692460 Wed, 13 Nov 2024 12:44:01 +0000 2024-07-01T15:22:53+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52692460/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/24/60/52692460.535d1996.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Barfrestone is a small village known since the time of the Domesday Book, when the manor was owned by Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux. In 1076, the lands were then granted to Hugh de Port, whose descendents may be connected to the erection of this church end of the 12th century, that was a site on the pilgrim route between Dover and Canterbury. This small church is a masterpiece of Norman art and architecture.<br /> <br /> The southern portal shows carving of the highest order, most probably the work of master carvers and masons, based in nearby Canterbury.<br /> <br /> Another detail<br /> <br /> At the bottom is a monkey riding a billy goat and carrying its prey on a pole. Riding a billy goat is often associated with the devil and the prey, which looks like a child, would then be a captured soul.</div> Barfrestone - St. Nicholas <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52692460/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/24/60/52692460.535d1996.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Barfrestone is a small village known since the time of the Domesday Book, when the manor was owned by Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux. In 1076, the lands were then granted to Hugh de Port, whose descendents may be connected to the erection of this church end of the 12th century, that was a site on the pilgrim route between Dover and Canterbury. This small church is a masterpiece of Norman art and architecture.<br /> <br /> The southern portal shows carving of the highest order, most probably the work of master carvers and masons, based in nearby Canterbury.<br /> <br /> Another detail<br /> <br /> At the bottom is a monkey riding a billy goat and carrying its prey on a pole. Riding a billy goat is often associated with the devil and the prey, which looks like a child, would then be a captured soul.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52664458/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-10-15,doc-52664458 Tue, 15 Oct 2024 19:08:41 +0000 2024-03-01T14:48:31+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52664458/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/44/58/52664458.cdcd0dae.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Bilbao is the largest city in the Basque Country and the tenth largest city in Spain, with a population of about 350,000. The metropolitan area has more than 1,000,000 inhabitants.<br /> <br /> After its foundation in the late 13th century Bilbao was one of the commercial hubs of the Basque Country that enjoyed significant importance in the Crown of Castile. In 1372, John I of Castile named Bilbao a free port and granting it special privileges concerning the trade of iron. This caused Bilbao to become an important port, particularly due to its trade with Flanders and Great Britain.<br /> <br /> In 1511, Queen Joanna of Castile ordered the creation of the Consulate of the Sea of Bilbao. Under the Consulate's control, the port of Bilbao became one of the most important of the kingdom. The first printing-press was brought to the town in 1577. Here in 1596, the first book in the Basque language was edited.<br /> <br /> Around 1631, the city was the scenario of a series of revolts against the increased taxation on salt, an event locally known as the "Machinada of the salt". The revolt ended with the execution of several of its leaders. The city had seen a continuous increase of its wealth, especially after the discovery of extensive iron deposits in the surrounding mountains.<br /> <br /> Despite the Peninsular War and the Carlist Wars, Bilbao prospered during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when it rose as the economic centre of the Basque Country.<br /> <br /> In 1936, during the Spanish Civil War the city suffered its first bombing. The Nationalists threatened further bombing if the city did not give up. In September German planes, in coordination with Francoist forces, dropped at least a hundred bombs on the city.<br /> <br /> With the war over, Bilbao returned to its industrial development, accompanied by steady population growth. In the 1980s, several factors led to a devastating industrial crisis. Since the mid-1990s, Bilbao has been in a process of deindustrialization and transition to a service economy. It started with the opening of the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum, continuing with the Conference Centre and the Concert Hall and the metro network.<br /> <br /> Bilbao Cathedral is the episcopal church of the diocese of Bilbao, which was founded in 1949. The Gothic church, which was elevated to basilica minor status in 1819, dates back to a pilgrimage church on the coastal route of the Way of St James.<br /> <br /> A chapel for pilgrims on the Way of St James already existed before the town was founded in 1300. From 1380, a new parish and collegiate church was built on the site of the chapel. The new building testifies to the rapidly growing importance of the town. The cathedral is inspired by French cathedral Gothic. It is a three-aisled basilica with a central transept. The portal façade and the bell tower were rebuilt between 1885 and 1890.<br /> <br /> Two lions devour a smaller animal (monkey?)</div> Bilbao - Catedral de Santiago Apóstol <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52664458/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/44/58/52664458.cdcd0dae.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Bilbao is the largest city in the Basque Country and the tenth largest city in Spain, with a population of about 350,000. The metropolitan area has more than 1,000,000 inhabitants.<br /> <br /> After its foundation in the late 13th century Bilbao was one of the commercial hubs of the Basque Country that enjoyed significant importance in the Crown of Castile. In 1372, John I of Castile named Bilbao a free port and granting it special privileges concerning the trade of iron. This caused Bilbao to become an important port, particularly due to its trade with Flanders and Great Britain.<br /> <br /> In 1511, Queen Joanna of Castile ordered the creation of the Consulate of the Sea of Bilbao. Under the Consulate's control, the port of Bilbao became one of the most important of the kingdom. The first printing-press was brought to the town in 1577. Here in 1596, the first book in the Basque language was edited.<br /> <br /> Around 1631, the city was the scenario of a series of revolts against the increased taxation on salt, an event locally known as the "Machinada of the salt". The revolt ended with the execution of several of its leaders. The city had seen a continuous increase of its wealth, especially after the discovery of extensive iron deposits in the surrounding mountains.<br /> <br /> Despite the Peninsular War and the Carlist Wars, Bilbao prospered during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when it rose as the economic centre of the Basque Country.<br /> <br /> In 1936, during the Spanish Civil War the city suffered its first bombing. The Nationalists threatened further bombing if the city did not give up. In September German planes, in coordination with Francoist forces, dropped at least a hundred bombs on the city.<br /> <br /> With the war over, Bilbao returned to its industrial development, accompanied by steady population growth. In the 1980s, several factors led to a devastating industrial crisis. Since the mid-1990s, Bilbao has been in a process of deindustrialization and transition to a service economy. It started with the opening of the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum, continuing with the Conference Centre and the Concert Hall and the metro network.<br /> <br /> Bilbao Cathedral is the episcopal church of the diocese of Bilbao, which was founded in 1949. The Gothic church, which was elevated to basilica minor status in 1819, dates back to a pilgrimage church on the coastal route of the Way of St James.<br /> <br /> A chapel for pilgrims on the Way of St James already existed before the town was founded in 1300. From 1380, a new parish and collegiate church was built on the site of the chapel. The new building testifies to the rapidly growing importance of the town. The cathedral is inspired by French cathedral Gothic. It is a three-aisled basilica with a central transept. The portal façade and the bell tower were rebuilt between 1885 and 1890.<br /> <br /> Two lions devour a smaller animal (monkey?)</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52621414/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-09-05,doc-52621414 Thu, 05 Sep 2024 21:37:41 +0000 2024-03-01T18:59:25+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52621414/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/14/14/52621414.2fadbab7.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="140" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Today, Plasencia is a city with more than 40,000 inhabitants. The city was founded in 1186 by Alfonso VIII of Castile during the reconquest of the Moorish-occupied territories from the 10th century onwards and was elevated to the status of a bishop's see by Pope Clement III just three years later. However, the conflicts between Christians and the Almohads, who were dominant at the time, continued until 1212, when the city finally came under Christian rule after the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.<br /> <br /> Plasencia Cathedral comprises two buildings: one known as the Old Cathedral, begun in the 13th century in the Romanesque style in transition to the Gothic. The remains of the original church include the naves, the western façade, the Gothic-style cloister and the chapter room crowned with a ribbed dome in the Byzantine tradition. The New Cathedral, begun in the 15th century, is in the Gothic style. It has high vaults supported by groups of columns. The Old Cathedral (Catedral vieja) currently houses the Cathedral Museum, while the New Cathedral (Catedral nueva) is the seat of the diocese of Plasencia<br /> <br /> Monkey and pig</div> Plasencia - Catedral <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52621414/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/14/14/52621414.2fadbab7.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="140" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Today, Plasencia is a city with more than 40,000 inhabitants. The city was founded in 1186 by Alfonso VIII of Castile during the reconquest of the Moorish-occupied territories from the 10th century onwards and was elevated to the status of a bishop's see by Pope Clement III just three years later. However, the conflicts between Christians and the Almohads, who were dominant at the time, continued until 1212, when the city finally came under Christian rule after the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.<br /> <br /> Plasencia Cathedral comprises two buildings: one known as the Old Cathedral, begun in the 13th century in the Romanesque style in transition to the Gothic. The remains of the original church include the naves, the western façade, the Gothic-style cloister and the chapter room crowned with a ribbed dome in the Byzantine tradition. The New Cathedral, begun in the 15th century, is in the Gothic style. It has high vaults supported by groups of columns. The Old Cathedral (Catedral vieja) currently houses the Cathedral Museum, while the New Cathedral (Catedral nueva) is the seat of the diocese of Plasencia<br /> <br /> Monkey and pig</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52495500/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-06-12,doc-52495500 Wed, 12 Jun 2024 12:19:28 +0000 2023-08-01T13:51:24+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52495500/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/55/00/52495500.7e410628.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">York was already an important centre in Roman times, when it was known under the name of Eboracum. The Vikings, who took over the area later from the Angels , in turn adapted the name to Norse Jórvík.<br /> <br /> After the Anglian settlement York was first capital of Deira and later Northumbria, and by the early 7th century, York was an important royal centre for the Northumbrian kings. Following the Norman Conquest York was substantially damaged in response to regional revolt. Two castles were erected in the city on either side of the River Ouse. In time York became an important urban centre as the administrative centre of the county of Yorkshire, as the seat of an archbishop, and at times in the later 13th and 14th centuries as an alternative seat of royal government. It was an important trading centre.<br /> <br /> York prospered during much of the later medieval era; the later years of the 14th and the earlier years of the 15th centuries were characterised by particular prosperity. During the English Civil War, the city was regarded as a Royalist stronghold and was besieged and eventually captured by Parliamentary forces under Lord Fairfax in 1644. After the war, York retained its pre-eminence in the North, and, by 1660, was the third-largest city in England after London and Norwich.<br /> <br /> A bishop of York was summoned to the Council of Arles in 314, indicating the presence of a Christian community in York at this time. The present church had at least three predecessors. The first church, mentioned by Beda was a wooden structure built in 627 to provide a place to baptise Edwin, King of Northumbria.<br /> <br /> In 741 the existing cathedral was damaged or destroyed, possibly in a fire. The cathedral then passed through the hands of numerous invaders, along with the rest of the city, and its history is unclear until the 10th century. There were a number of Benedictine archbishops, who travelled to Westminster to crown William the Conqueror in 1066. In 1069, a revolt in support of Edgar Ætheling sparked a brutal crackdown. William the Conquerors troops devastated the town and the minster. Later that year, Danish invaders supporting the Ætheling, attacked the town, starting a fire and burning the cathedral to the ground. The first Norman archbishop, Thomas of Bayeux, who arrived in 1070, apparently organised repairs, but in 1075 another Danish force sailed up the river and sacked the minster. Construction of the Norman cathedral began in 1080 and was completed in 1100. Built in the Norman style, the new cathedral was 360 feet (111 m) long.<br /> When Walter de Grey was appointed archbishop in 1215, he ordered the construction of a Gothic structure to rival Canterbury. Construction began in 1220. The north and south transepts were the first new structures, completed in the 1250s. Both were built in the early Gothic style, but had noticeably different wall heights. A massive central tower with a wooden spire was also completed. Construction continued into the 15th century.<br /> <br /> The chapter house was started in the 1260s and was completed before 1296. The wide nave was built on Norman foundations from the 1280s. The external roof was completed in the 1330s, but the vaulting was not completed until 1360. Construction then moved on to the east wing and chapels. The Norman chancel was demolished in the 1390s. In 1407 the central tower collapsed. The pillars were then reinforced and a new tower was built in 1420. The western towers were added between 1433 and 1472. In 1472 the cathedral was declared finished and consecrated.<br /> <br /> The English Reformation led to the looting of much of the cathedral's treasures. Under Elizabeth I there was a concerted effort to remove all traces of Roman Catholicism from the cathedral; there was much destruction of tombs, windows and altars. In the English Civil War the city was besieged and fell to the forces of Cromwell in 1644, but it was prevented any further damage to the cathedral.<br /> <br /> On 9 July 1984 a blaze caused severe destruction to the south transept. Believed to have been started by a lightning strike, the roof burnt for three hours before it was made to collapse by the fire brigade to stop it spreading to other parts of the minster. It took over £2.25 million to repair the damage, and a rededication ceremony was held in October 1988.<br /> <br /> Another monkey</div> York - Minster <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52495500/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/55/00/52495500.7e410628.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">York was already an important centre in Roman times, when it was known under the name of Eboracum. The Vikings, who took over the area later from the Angels , in turn adapted the name to Norse Jórvík.<br /> <br /> After the Anglian settlement York was first capital of Deira and later Northumbria, and by the early 7th century, York was an important royal centre for the Northumbrian kings. Following the Norman Conquest York was substantially damaged in response to regional revolt. Two castles were erected in the city on either side of the River Ouse. In time York became an important urban centre as the administrative centre of the county of Yorkshire, as the seat of an archbishop, and at times in the later 13th and 14th centuries as an alternative seat of royal government. It was an important trading centre.<br /> <br /> York prospered during much of the later medieval era; the later years of the 14th and the earlier years of the 15th centuries were characterised by particular prosperity. During the English Civil War, the city was regarded as a Royalist stronghold and was besieged and eventually captured by Parliamentary forces under Lord Fairfax in 1644. After the war, York retained its pre-eminence in the North, and, by 1660, was the third-largest city in England after London and Norwich.<br /> <br /> A bishop of York was summoned to the Council of Arles in 314, indicating the presence of a Christian community in York at this time. The present church had at least three predecessors. The first church, mentioned by Beda was a wooden structure built in 627 to provide a place to baptise Edwin, King of Northumbria.<br /> <br /> In 741 the existing cathedral was damaged or destroyed, possibly in a fire. The cathedral then passed through the hands of numerous invaders, along with the rest of the city, and its history is unclear until the 10th century. There were a number of Benedictine archbishops, who travelled to Westminster to crown William the Conqueror in 1066. In 1069, a revolt in support of Edgar Ætheling sparked a brutal crackdown. William the Conquerors troops devastated the town and the minster. Later that year, Danish invaders supporting the Ætheling, attacked the town, starting a fire and burning the cathedral to the ground. The first Norman archbishop, Thomas of Bayeux, who arrived in 1070, apparently organised repairs, but in 1075 another Danish force sailed up the river and sacked the minster. Construction of the Norman cathedral began in 1080 and was completed in 1100. Built in the Norman style, the new cathedral was 360 feet (111 m) long.<br /> When Walter de Grey was appointed archbishop in 1215, he ordered the construction of a Gothic structure to rival Canterbury. Construction began in 1220. The north and south transepts were the first new structures, completed in the 1250s. Both were built in the early Gothic style, but had noticeably different wall heights. A massive central tower with a wooden spire was also completed. Construction continued into the 15th century.<br /> <br /> The chapter house was started in the 1260s and was completed before 1296. The wide nave was built on Norman foundations from the 1280s. The external roof was completed in the 1330s, but the vaulting was not completed until 1360. Construction then moved on to the east wing and chapels. The Norman chancel was demolished in the 1390s. In 1407 the central tower collapsed. The pillars were then reinforced and a new tower was built in 1420. The western towers were added between 1433 and 1472. In 1472 the cathedral was declared finished and consecrated.<br /> <br /> The English Reformation led to the looting of much of the cathedral's treasures. Under Elizabeth I there was a concerted effort to remove all traces of Roman Catholicism from the cathedral; there was much destruction of tombs, windows and altars. In the English Civil War the city was besieged and fell to the forces of Cromwell in 1644, but it was prevented any further damage to the cathedral.<br /> <br /> On 9 July 1984 a blaze caused severe destruction to the south transept. Believed to have been started by a lightning strike, the roof burnt for three hours before it was made to collapse by the fire brigade to stop it spreading to other parts of the minster. It took over £2.25 million to repair the damage, and a rededication ceremony was held in October 1988.<br /> <br /> Another monkey</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52495492/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-06-12,doc-52495492 Wed, 12 Jun 2024 12:11:24 +0000 2023-08-01T13:52:20+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52495492/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/92/52495492.b4576947.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">York was already an important centre in Roman times, when it was known under the name of Eboracum. The Vikings, who took over the area later from the Angels , in turn adapted the name to Norse Jórvík.<br /> <br /> After the Anglian settlement York was first capital of Deira and later Northumbria, and by the early 7th century, York was an important royal centre for the Northumbrian kings. Following the Norman Conquest York was substantially damaged in response to regional revolt. Two castles were erected in the city on either side of the River Ouse. In time York became an important urban centre as the administrative centre of the county of Yorkshire, as the seat of an archbishop, and at times in the later 13th and 14th centuries as an alternative seat of royal government. It was an important trading centre.<br /> <br /> York prospered during much of the later medieval era; the later years of the 14th and the earlier years of the 15th centuries were characterised by particular prosperity. During the English Civil War, the city was regarded as a Royalist stronghold and was besieged and eventually captured by Parliamentary forces under Lord Fairfax in 1644. After the war, York retained its pre-eminence in the North, and, by 1660, was the third-largest city in England after London and Norwich.<br /> <br /> A bishop of York was summoned to the Council of Arles in 314, indicating the presence of a Christian community in York at this time. The present church had at least three predecessors. The first church, mentioned by Beda was a wooden structure built in 627 to provide a place to baptise Edwin, King of Northumbria.<br /> <br /> In 741 the existing cathedral was damaged or destroyed, possibly in a fire. The cathedral then passed through the hands of numerous invaders, along with the rest of the city, and its history is unclear until the 10th century. There were a number of Benedictine archbishops, who travelled to Westminster to crown William the Conqueror in 1066. In 1069, a revolt in support of Edgar Ætheling sparked a brutal crackdown. William the Conquerors troops devastated the town and the minster. Later that year, Danish invaders supporting the Ætheling, attacked the town, starting a fire and burning the cathedral to the ground. The first Norman archbishop, Thomas of Bayeux, who arrived in 1070, apparently organised repairs, but in 1075 another Danish force sailed up the river and sacked the minster. Construction of the Norman cathedral began in 1080 and was completed in 1100. Built in the Norman style, the new cathedral was 360 feet (111 m) long.<br /> When Walter de Grey was appointed archbishop in 1215, he ordered the construction of a Gothic structure to rival Canterbury. Construction began in 1220. The north and south transepts were the first new structures, completed in the 1250s. Both were built in the early Gothic style, but had noticeably different wall heights. A massive central tower with a wooden spire was also completed. Construction continued into the 15th century.<br /> <br /> The chapter house was started in the 1260s and was completed before 1296. The wide nave was built on Norman foundations from the 1280s. The external roof was completed in the 1330s, but the vaulting was not completed until 1360. Construction then moved on to the east wing and chapels. The Norman chancel was demolished in the 1390s. In 1407 the central tower collapsed. The pillars were then reinforced and a new tower was built in 1420. The western towers were added between 1433 and 1472. In 1472 the cathedral was declared finished and consecrated.<br /> <br /> The English Reformation led to the looting of much of the cathedral's treasures. Under Elizabeth I there was a concerted effort to remove all traces of Roman Catholicism from the cathedral; there was much destruction of tombs, windows and altars. In the English Civil War the city was besieged and fell to the forces of Cromwell in 1644, but it was prevented any further damage to the cathedral.<br /> <br /> On 9 July 1984 a blaze caused severe destruction to the south transept. Believed to have been started by a lightning strike, the roof burnt for three hours before it was made to collapse by the fire brigade to stop it spreading to other parts of the minster. It took over £2.25 million to repair the damage, and a rededication ceremony was held in October 1988.<br /> A monkey and a dog</div> York - Minster <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52495492/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/92/52495492.b4576947.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">York was already an important centre in Roman times, when it was known under the name of Eboracum. The Vikings, who took over the area later from the Angels , in turn adapted the name to Norse Jórvík.<br /> <br /> After the Anglian settlement York was first capital of Deira and later Northumbria, and by the early 7th century, York was an important royal centre for the Northumbrian kings. Following the Norman Conquest York was substantially damaged in response to regional revolt. Two castles were erected in the city on either side of the River Ouse. In time York became an important urban centre as the administrative centre of the county of Yorkshire, as the seat of an archbishop, and at times in the later 13th and 14th centuries as an alternative seat of royal government. It was an important trading centre.<br /> <br /> York prospered during much of the later medieval era; the later years of the 14th and the earlier years of the 15th centuries were characterised by particular prosperity. During the English Civil War, the city was regarded as a Royalist stronghold and was besieged and eventually captured by Parliamentary forces under Lord Fairfax in 1644. After the war, York retained its pre-eminence in the North, and, by 1660, was the third-largest city in England after London and Norwich.<br /> <br /> A bishop of York was summoned to the Council of Arles in 314, indicating the presence of a Christian community in York at this time. The present church had at least three predecessors. The first church, mentioned by Beda was a wooden structure built in 627 to provide a place to baptise Edwin, King of Northumbria.<br /> <br /> In 741 the existing cathedral was damaged or destroyed, possibly in a fire. The cathedral then passed through the hands of numerous invaders, along with the rest of the city, and its history is unclear until the 10th century. There were a number of Benedictine archbishops, who travelled to Westminster to crown William the Conqueror in 1066. In 1069, a revolt in support of Edgar Ætheling sparked a brutal crackdown. William the Conquerors troops devastated the town and the minster. Later that year, Danish invaders supporting the Ætheling, attacked the town, starting a fire and burning the cathedral to the ground. The first Norman archbishop, Thomas of Bayeux, who arrived in 1070, apparently organised repairs, but in 1075 another Danish force sailed up the river and sacked the minster. Construction of the Norman cathedral began in 1080 and was completed in 1100. Built in the Norman style, the new cathedral was 360 feet (111 m) long.<br /> When Walter de Grey was appointed archbishop in 1215, he ordered the construction of a Gothic structure to rival Canterbury. Construction began in 1220. The north and south transepts were the first new structures, completed in the 1250s. Both were built in the early Gothic style, but had noticeably different wall heights. A massive central tower with a wooden spire was also completed. Construction continued into the 15th century.<br /> <br /> The chapter house was started in the 1260s and was completed before 1296. The wide nave was built on Norman foundations from the 1280s. The external roof was completed in the 1330s, but the vaulting was not completed until 1360. Construction then moved on to the east wing and chapels. The Norman chancel was demolished in the 1390s. In 1407 the central tower collapsed. The pillars were then reinforced and a new tower was built in 1420. The western towers were added between 1433 and 1472. In 1472 the cathedral was declared finished and consecrated.<br /> <br /> The English Reformation led to the looting of much of the cathedral's treasures. Under Elizabeth I there was a concerted effort to remove all traces of Roman Catholicism from the cathedral; there was much destruction of tombs, windows and altars. In the English Civil War the city was besieged and fell to the forces of Cromwell in 1644, but it was prevented any further damage to the cathedral.<br /> <br /> On 9 July 1984 a blaze caused severe destruction to the south transept. Believed to have been started by a lightning strike, the roof burnt for three hours before it was made to collapse by the fire brigade to stop it spreading to other parts of the minster. It took over £2.25 million to repair the damage, and a rededication ceremony was held in October 1988.<br /> A monkey and a dog</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52479014/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-05-29,doc-52479014 Wed, 29 May 2024 20:13:24 +0000 2023-08-01T18:35:45+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52479014/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/90/14/52479014.1406dedb.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="130" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The first settlement to be established in the area was a Celtic town, which developed into the Roman city of Luguvalium in the 2nd century. Excavations undertaken in the 1970s dated the Roman timber fort constructed at the site of present Carlisle Castle to the winter of AD 73. It protected a strategic location on the Roman road to the north and overlooking the confluence of the Caldew and Eden rivers.<br /> <br /> By the time of the Norman Conquest of England, Carlisle was in the possession of the Scots. This changed in 1092, when William the Conqueror's son William Rufus invaded the region and incorporated Carlisle into England. The construction of Carlisle Castle began in 1093 on the site of the Roman fort.<br /> <br /> The conquest of Cumberland was the beginning of a war between Scotland and England which saw the region centred around Carlisle change hands a number of times. During the wars, the livelihood of the people on the borders was devastated by armies from both sides. Even when the countries were not at war, tension remained high. Groups named "Border Reivers" were raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century.<br /> <br /> Carlisle Cathedral was founded in 1122 as a community of canons. Construction of the church was begun by Athelwold, who became the first prior. In 1133 the church was elevated to cathedral status and Athelwold became the first Bishop of Carlisle. The building was renovated in the 13th and 14th centuries, with impetus given by the presence of the court of Edward I in 1307.<br /> <br /> In the 15th and early 16th centuries the monastic buildings were renewed. With the Dissolution of the Monasteries from 1536 and the establishment of the Church of England by Henry VIII as the official church of the country, the monasteries were dissolved and Carlisle Cathedral was run by a secular chapter. During the English Civil War part of the nave of the cathedral was demolished by the Scottish Presbyterian army to use the stones to reinforce Carlisle Castle. Between 1853 and 1870 Carlisle Cathedral was restored.<br /> <br /> The church was built in the Anglo-Norman style, but little of it remains. In the 13th century, construction began on a new three-aisled church in the Gothic style, which also had a transept. A fire damaged the church in 1292 and much of the work had to be restarted. Around 1350, the 9-panel chancel window was installed, which is still one of the largest in England.<br /> <br /> On the capital - a monkey, a squirrel and an owl</div> Carlisle - Cathedral <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52479014/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/90/14/52479014.1406dedb.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="130" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The first settlement to be established in the area was a Celtic town, which developed into the Roman city of Luguvalium in the 2nd century. Excavations undertaken in the 1970s dated the Roman timber fort constructed at the site of present Carlisle Castle to the winter of AD 73. It protected a strategic location on the Roman road to the north and overlooking the confluence of the Caldew and Eden rivers.<br /> <br /> By the time of the Norman Conquest of England, Carlisle was in the possession of the Scots. This changed in 1092, when William the Conqueror's son William Rufus invaded the region and incorporated Carlisle into England. The construction of Carlisle Castle began in 1093 on the site of the Roman fort.<br /> <br /> The conquest of Cumberland was the beginning of a war between Scotland and England which saw the region centred around Carlisle change hands a number of times. During the wars, the livelihood of the people on the borders was devastated by armies from both sides. Even when the countries were not at war, tension remained high. Groups named "Border Reivers" were raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century.<br /> <br /> Carlisle Cathedral was founded in 1122 as a community of canons. Construction of the church was begun by Athelwold, who became the first prior. In 1133 the church was elevated to cathedral status and Athelwold became the first Bishop of Carlisle. The building was renovated in the 13th and 14th centuries, with impetus given by the presence of the court of Edward I in 1307.<br /> <br /> In the 15th and early 16th centuries the monastic buildings were renewed. With the Dissolution of the Monasteries from 1536 and the establishment of the Church of England by Henry VIII as the official church of the country, the monasteries were dissolved and Carlisle Cathedral was run by a secular chapter. During the English Civil War part of the nave of the cathedral was demolished by the Scottish Presbyterian army to use the stones to reinforce Carlisle Castle. Between 1853 and 1870 Carlisle Cathedral was restored.<br /> <br /> The church was built in the Anglo-Norman style, but little of it remains. In the 13th century, construction began on a new three-aisled church in the Gothic style, which also had a transept. A fire damaged the church in 1292 and much of the work had to be restarted. Around 1350, the 9-panel chancel window was installed, which is still one of the largest in England.<br /> <br /> On the capital - a monkey, a squirrel and an owl</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52471506/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-05-23,doc-52471506 Thu, 23 May 2024 17:10:50 +0000 2023-08-01T13:26:30+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52471506/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/15/06/52471506.269f8c6b.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The earliest church on the site is believed to have been founded in 627 by Paulinus, the first Archbishop of York, when he visited the area while baptising believers.<br /> <br /> In 956 King Eadwig gave land in Southwell to Oskytel, Archbishop of York, on which a minster church was established. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded the Southwell manor. The Norman reconstruction of the church began in 1108, probably as a rebuilding of the Anglo-Saxon church. Many stones from this earlier Anglo-Saxon church were reused in the construction. Work on the nave began after 1120 and the church was completed by c.1150.<br /> <br /> Southwell is where Charles I surrendered to Scottish Presbyterian troops in 1646 during the English Civil War. The fighting saw the church seriously damaged and the nave is said to have been used as stabling.<br /> <br /> In 1711 the southwest spire was struck by lightning, and the resulting fire spread to the nave, crossing and tower destroying roofs, bells, clock and organ.  By 1720 repairs had been completed, now giving a flat panelled ceiling to the nave and transepts.<br /> <br /> In danger of collapse, the spires were removed in 1805 and re-erected in 1879–81 when the minster was extensively restored. The nave roof was replaced with a pitched roof and the quire was redesigned and refitted.<br /> <br /> The chapter house, started in 1288, is in an early decorated style, is octagonal, with no central pier. <br /> <br /> One of the many guardians</div> Southwell - Southwell Minster <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52471506/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/15/06/52471506.269f8c6b.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The earliest church on the site is believed to have been founded in 627 by Paulinus, the first Archbishop of York, when he visited the area while baptising believers.<br /> <br /> In 956 King Eadwig gave land in Southwell to Oskytel, Archbishop of York, on which a minster church was established. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded the Southwell manor. The Norman reconstruction of the church began in 1108, probably as a rebuilding of the Anglo-Saxon church. Many stones from this earlier Anglo-Saxon church were reused in the construction. Work on the nave began after 1120 and the church was completed by c.1150.<br /> <br /> Southwell is where Charles I surrendered to Scottish Presbyterian troops in 1646 during the English Civil War. The fighting saw the church seriously damaged and the nave is said to have been used as stabling.<br /> <br /> In 1711 the southwest spire was struck by lightning, and the resulting fire spread to the nave, crossing and tower destroying roofs, bells, clock and organ.  By 1720 repairs had been completed, now giving a flat panelled ceiling to the nave and transepts.<br /> <br /> In danger of collapse, the spires were removed in 1805 and re-erected in 1879–81 when the minster was extensively restored. The nave roof was replaced with a pitched roof and the quire was redesigned and refitted.<br /> <br /> The chapter house, started in 1288, is in an early decorated style, is octagonal, with no central pier. <br /> <br /> One of the many guardians</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52415478/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-04-15,doc-52415478 Mon, 15 Apr 2024 20:43:35 +0000 2023-07-01T15:12:18+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52415478/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/78/52415478.2c40d4c1.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Winchester, today a town with a population of about 40.000, played an important role in the history of England. In the 10th and early 11th centuries, Winchester was the capital of England and before that the capital of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. The Romans already knew the place under the name "Venta Belgarum".<br /> <br /> <br /> In the middle of the 9th century, St Swithin was Bishop of Winchester. At the end of the 9th century, the city also became part of a number of fortifications along the south coast of England, built by Alfred the Great.<br /> <br /> <br /> Winchester remained the capital of Wessex and later England until after the Norman Conquest, when the Normans chose London as their capital in 1066.<br /> <br /> <br /> Jews lived in Winchester from at least 1148, and in the 13th century the Jewish community was one of the most important in England. There were a series of blood libel claims against the Jewish community in the 1220s and 1230s, which likely was the cause of the hanging of the community's leader, Abraham Pinch, in front of the synagogue. Simon de Montfort ransacked the Jewish quarter in 1264, and in 1290 all Jews were expelled from England.<br /> <br /> A pre-Norman cathedral was founded in 642 on a site immediately north of the present one. This building became known as the Old Minster. It became part of a monastic settlement in 971 and was demolished in 1093. Edward the Confessor was crowned in the Old Minster in 1043.<br /> <br /> The cathedral in its present form was built between 1079 and 1532 and is dedicated to numerous saints, in particular Swithun of Winchester. It has a very long and very wide nave, an early English transept, Norman transepts and a tower. With a total length of 170 metres, it is probably the longest medieval cathedral in Europe.<br /> <br /> When William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066, he began to install his own bishops in place of the Anglo-Saxon bishops. William installed his friend and relative Walkelin as the first Norman Bishop of Winchester in 1070, and nine years later Walkelin began the construction of a huge Norman cathedral. The new cathedral was consecrated with the completion of the east end in 1093, and the many tombs of Saxon kings moved from the Old Minster into the new cathedral. Then the demolition of the New and Old Minsters began, and quickly progressed, leaving virtually no remains. The outline of the Old Minster can still be seen today to the north of the present nave.<br /> <br /> The first alteration to Walkelin's cathedral was in 1202 when Bishop Godfrey de Luci started construction of a new Early English retrochoir, this resulted in the demolition of the Norman apse.<br /> <br /> In 1346, Bishop Edington had the Norman west front demolished and began building a new Perpendicular Gothic facade, featuring a huge west window, which still stands today. Edington also began renovation of the nave. Master mason William Wynford remodelled the massive Norman nave into a soaring Perpendicular Gothic masterpiece.<br /> <br /> Another gifted monkey in the foliage</div> Winchester - Cathedral <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52415478/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/78/52415478.2c40d4c1.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Winchester, today a town with a population of about 40.000, played an important role in the history of England. In the 10th and early 11th centuries, Winchester was the capital of England and before that the capital of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. The Romans already knew the place under the name "Venta Belgarum".<br /> <br /> <br /> In the middle of the 9th century, St Swithin was Bishop of Winchester. At the end of the 9th century, the city also became part of a number of fortifications along the south coast of England, built by Alfred the Great.<br /> <br /> <br /> Winchester remained the capital of Wessex and later England until after the Norman Conquest, when the Normans chose London as their capital in 1066.<br /> <br /> <br /> Jews lived in Winchester from at least 1148, and in the 13th century the Jewish community was one of the most important in England. There were a series of blood libel claims against the Jewish community in the 1220s and 1230s, which likely was the cause of the hanging of the community's leader, Abraham Pinch, in front of the synagogue. Simon de Montfort ransacked the Jewish quarter in 1264, and in 1290 all Jews were expelled from England.<br /> <br /> A pre-Norman cathedral was founded in 642 on a site immediately north of the present one. This building became known as the Old Minster. It became part of a monastic settlement in 971 and was demolished in 1093. Edward the Confessor was crowned in the Old Minster in 1043.<br /> <br /> The cathedral in its present form was built between 1079 and 1532 and is dedicated to numerous saints, in particular Swithun of Winchester. It has a very long and very wide nave, an early English transept, Norman transepts and a tower. With a total length of 170 metres, it is probably the longest medieval cathedral in Europe.<br /> <br /> When William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066, he began to install his own bishops in place of the Anglo-Saxon bishops. William installed his friend and relative Walkelin as the first Norman Bishop of Winchester in 1070, and nine years later Walkelin began the construction of a huge Norman cathedral. The new cathedral was consecrated with the completion of the east end in 1093, and the many tombs of Saxon kings moved from the Old Minster into the new cathedral. Then the demolition of the New and Old Minsters began, and quickly progressed, leaving virtually no remains. The outline of the Old Minster can still be seen today to the north of the present nave.<br /> <br /> The first alteration to Walkelin's cathedral was in 1202 when Bishop Godfrey de Luci started construction of a new Early English retrochoir, this resulted in the demolition of the Norman apse.<br /> <br /> In 1346, Bishop Edington had the Norman west front demolished and began building a new Perpendicular Gothic facade, featuring a huge west window, which still stands today. Edington also began renovation of the nave. Master mason William Wynford remodelled the massive Norman nave into a soaring Perpendicular Gothic masterpiece.<br /> <br /> Another gifted monkey in the foliage</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52415468/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-04-15,doc-52415468 Mon, 15 Apr 2024 20:33:48 +0000 2023-07-01T15:11:04+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52415468/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/68/52415468.b6db1a37.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="141" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Winchester, today a town with a population of about 40.000, played an important role in the history of England. In the 10th and early 11th centuries, Winchester was the capital of England and before that the capital of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. The Romans already knew the place under the name "Venta Belgarum".<br /> <br /> <br /> In the middle of the 9th century, St Swithin was Bishop of Winchester. At the end of the 9th century, the city also became part of a number of fortifications along the south coast of England, built by Alfred the Great.<br /> <br /> <br /> Winchester remained the capital of Wessex and later England until after the Norman Conquest, when the Normans chose London as their capital in 1066.<br /> <br /> <br /> Jews lived in Winchester from at least 1148, and in the 13th century the Jewish community was one of the most important in England. There were a series of blood libel claims against the Jewish community in the 1220s and 1230s, which likely was the cause of the hanging of the community's leader, Abraham Pinch, in front of the synagogue. Simon de Montfort ransacked the Jewish quarter in 1264, and in 1290 all Jews were expelled from England.<br /> <br /> A pre-Norman cathedral was founded in 642 on a site immediately north of the present one. This building became known as the Old Minster. It became part of a monastic settlement in 971 and was demolished in 1093. Edward the Confessor was crowned in the Old Minster in 1043.<br /> <br /> The cathedral in its present form was built between 1079 and 1532 and is dedicated to numerous saints, in particular Swithun of Winchester. It has a very long and very wide nave, an early English transept, Norman transepts and a tower. With a total length of 170 metres, it is probably the longest medieval cathedral in Europe.<br /> <br /> When William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066, he began to install his own bishops in place of the Anglo-Saxon bishops. William installed his friend and relative Walkelin as the first Norman Bishop of Winchester in 1070, and nine years later Walkelin began the construction of a huge Norman cathedral. The new cathedral was consecrated with the completion of the east end in 1093, and the many tombs of Saxon kings moved from the Old Minster into the new cathedral. Then the demolition of the New and Old Minsters began, and quickly progressed, leaving virtually no remains. The outline of the Old Minster can still be seen today to the north of the present nave.<br /> <br /> The first alteration to Walkelin's cathedral was in 1202 when Bishop Godfrey de Luci started construction of a new Early English retrochoir, this resulted in the demolition of the Norman apse.<br /> <br /> In 1346, Bishop Edington had the Norman west front demolished and began building a new Perpendicular Gothic facade, featuring a huge west window, which still stands today. Edington also began renovation of the nave. Master mason William Wynford remodelled the massive Norman nave into a soaring Perpendicular Gothic masterpiece.<br /> <br /> A dog and a very musical monkey in the choir stalls</div> Winchester - Cathedral <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52415468/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/68/52415468.b6db1a37.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="141" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Winchester, today a town with a population of about 40.000, played an important role in the history of England. In the 10th and early 11th centuries, Winchester was the capital of England and before that the capital of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. The Romans already knew the place under the name "Venta Belgarum".<br /> <br /> <br /> In the middle of the 9th century, St Swithin was Bishop of Winchester. At the end of the 9th century, the city also became part of a number of fortifications along the south coast of England, built by Alfred the Great.<br /> <br /> <br /> Winchester remained the capital of Wessex and later England until after the Norman Conquest, when the Normans chose London as their capital in 1066.<br /> <br /> <br /> Jews lived in Winchester from at least 1148, and in the 13th century the Jewish community was one of the most important in England. There were a series of blood libel claims against the Jewish community in the 1220s and 1230s, which likely was the cause of the hanging of the community's leader, Abraham Pinch, in front of the synagogue. Simon de Montfort ransacked the Jewish quarter in 1264, and in 1290 all Jews were expelled from England.<br /> <br /> A pre-Norman cathedral was founded in 642 on a site immediately north of the present one. This building became known as the Old Minster. It became part of a monastic settlement in 971 and was demolished in 1093. Edward the Confessor was crowned in the Old Minster in 1043.<br /> <br /> The cathedral in its present form was built between 1079 and 1532 and is dedicated to numerous saints, in particular Swithun of Winchester. It has a very long and very wide nave, an early English transept, Norman transepts and a tower. With a total length of 170 metres, it is probably the longest medieval cathedral in Europe.<br /> <br /> When William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066, he began to install his own bishops in place of the Anglo-Saxon bishops. William installed his friend and relative Walkelin as the first Norman Bishop of Winchester in 1070, and nine years later Walkelin began the construction of a huge Norman cathedral. The new cathedral was consecrated with the completion of the east end in 1093, and the many tombs of Saxon kings moved from the Old Minster into the new cathedral. Then the demolition of the New and Old Minsters began, and quickly progressed, leaving virtually no remains. The outline of the Old Minster can still be seen today to the north of the present nave.<br /> <br /> The first alteration to Walkelin's cathedral was in 1202 when Bishop Godfrey de Luci started construction of a new Early English retrochoir, this resulted in the demolition of the Norman apse.<br /> <br /> In 1346, Bishop Edington had the Norman west front demolished and began building a new Perpendicular Gothic facade, featuring a huge west window, which still stands today. Edington also began renovation of the nave. Master mason William Wynford remodelled the massive Norman nave into a soaring Perpendicular Gothic masterpiece.<br /> <br /> A dog and a very musical monkey in the choir stalls</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52410176/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-04-13,doc-52410176 Sat, 13 Apr 2024 07:50:59 +0000 2023-07-01T14:32:04+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52410176/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/01/76/52410176.7b5c47bc.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="161" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Today's Christchurch dates back to an Anglo-Saxon settlement in the early Middle Ages. It was first mentioned in documents in 900 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as Tweoxneam.<br /> <br /> The town was fortified to protect it from Viking raids. The Domesday Book counted the settlement as part of the Crown Estate. A monastery was also built here in Anglo-Saxon times.<br /> <br /> <br /> The construction of a new monastery, Christchurch Priory, began around 1094. Parts of the previous building were integrated into the monastery church, while the remaining buildings were demolished. The new lord of the manor, Baldwin de Redvers, handed the site over to a predecessor order of Augustinians around 1150, who replaced the existing 24 secular canons with monks.<br /> <br /> In around 1100, Christchurch Castle was built to the north-east of the monastery complex in the form of a motte and bailey. In 1148, it was besieged and captured by Walter de Pinkney during the Anarchy. Its fortifications were subsequently strengthened, around 1160 a constable's house was added on the banks of the Avon, and after 1300 a keep was built in place of the motte. The castle only played an insignificant role in military conflicts and was mainly used as a residence. After the English Civil War, the castle was demolished following a decision by the English Parliament in 1651.<br /> <br /> Christchurch was granted a number of individual privileges during the Middle Ages and thus developed into a minor town. An existing weekly market, held on Mondays, was first mentioned in 1150. The associated market rights were held by the monastery. In the 12th century, permission was granted to hold a fair on Trinity Thursday, and in 1257 another in autumn on the feast day of Saint Faith. Christchurch has had a mayor since at least 1486. Christchurch's economic situation was considered poor, with numerous reports emphasising the poverty and low importance of the town and its surroundings, which were sparsely populated and off the main transport routes. The town's harbour was only important for local fishing. The reason for this was its poor accessibility<br /> <br /> Christchurch Priory is a former priory church that has long been used solely as a parish church.<br /> <br /> The history of the Priory dates back to at least the middle of the 11th century. According to the Domesday Book of 1086, there was a priory here with 24 secular canons at the time of Edward the Confessor. The priory is located on the site of an earlier church dating back to 800 AD. In 1094, Ranulf Flambard, then Dean of Twynham (= Christchurch), began building a church. By 1150, there was a simple Norman church consisting of a nave, a central tower and a chancel extending eastwards from the crossing. At this time, an Augustinian priory was founded here. Large parts of this church (e.g. the nave and the north transept) have been preserved. When the founding family died out around 1300, the priory initially passed to the royal family, then from 1330 to William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury. The nave of the church was newly vaulted around 1350. The chancel dates from the 15th century, which connected the church with the Lady Chapel, which had already been built around 1400. The current bell tower was built between 1470 and 1480. After the dissolution of the English monasteries in 1539, the remaining monastery buildings were demolished.<br /> <br /> The floor plan of the 91 (!) metre long, three-aisled church with a transept corresponds to a Latin cross, the layout of the Norman nave is three-storey basilica with galleries; the flat-closing late Gothic choir, on the other hand, has only two storeys.<br /> <br /> <br /> Detail of a choir stall - a chained monkey.</div> Christchurch - Priory <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52410176/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/01/76/52410176.7b5c47bc.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="161" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Today's Christchurch dates back to an Anglo-Saxon settlement in the early Middle Ages. It was first mentioned in documents in 900 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as Tweoxneam.<br /> <br /> The town was fortified to protect it from Viking raids. The Domesday Book counted the settlement as part of the Crown Estate. A monastery was also built here in Anglo-Saxon times.<br /> <br /> <br /> The construction of a new monastery, Christchurch Priory, began around 1094. Parts of the previous building were integrated into the monastery church, while the remaining buildings were demolished. The new lord of the manor, Baldwin de Redvers, handed the site over to a predecessor order of Augustinians around 1150, who replaced the existing 24 secular canons with monks.<br /> <br /> In around 1100, Christchurch Castle was built to the north-east of the monastery complex in the form of a motte and bailey. In 1148, it was besieged and captured by Walter de Pinkney during the Anarchy. Its fortifications were subsequently strengthened, around 1160 a constable's house was added on the banks of the Avon, and after 1300 a keep was built in place of the motte. The castle only played an insignificant role in military conflicts and was mainly used as a residence. After the English Civil War, the castle was demolished following a decision by the English Parliament in 1651.<br /> <br /> Christchurch was granted a number of individual privileges during the Middle Ages and thus developed into a minor town. An existing weekly market, held on Mondays, was first mentioned in 1150. The associated market rights were held by the monastery. In the 12th century, permission was granted to hold a fair on Trinity Thursday, and in 1257 another in autumn on the feast day of Saint Faith. Christchurch has had a mayor since at least 1486. Christchurch's economic situation was considered poor, with numerous reports emphasising the poverty and low importance of the town and its surroundings, which were sparsely populated and off the main transport routes. The town's harbour was only important for local fishing. The reason for this was its poor accessibility<br /> <br /> Christchurch Priory is a former priory church that has long been used solely as a parish church.<br /> <br /> The history of the Priory dates back to at least the middle of the 11th century. According to the Domesday Book of 1086, there was a priory here with 24 secular canons at the time of Edward the Confessor. The priory is located on the site of an earlier church dating back to 800 AD. In 1094, Ranulf Flambard, then Dean of Twynham (= Christchurch), began building a church. By 1150, there was a simple Norman church consisting of a nave, a central tower and a chancel extending eastwards from the crossing. At this time, an Augustinian priory was founded here. Large parts of this church (e.g. the nave and the north transept) have been preserved. When the founding family died out around 1300, the priory initially passed to the royal family, then from 1330 to William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury. The nave of the church was newly vaulted around 1350. The chancel dates from the 15th century, which connected the church with the Lady Chapel, which had already been built around 1400. The current bell tower was built between 1470 and 1480. After the dissolution of the English monasteries in 1539, the remaining monastery buildings were demolished.<br /> <br /> The floor plan of the 91 (!) metre long, three-aisled church with a transept corresponds to a Latin cross, the layout of the Norman nave is three-storey basilica with galleries; the flat-closing late Gothic choir, on the other hand, has only two storeys.<br /> <br /> <br /> Detail of a choir stall - a chained monkey.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52350046/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2024-03-07,doc-52350046 Thu, 07 Mar 2024 22:02:28 +0000 2023-03-09T12:27:19+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52350046/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/00/46/52350046.0199a979.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="122" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">It is believed that a Roman Temple of Jupiter and a Villa stood on the spot where the monastery is now.<br /> <br /> However, according to tradition, the original construction of the place dates back to a small monastery with a church, built in the 10th century, in connection with the Christian reconquest, at the time of the first Asturo-Leonian monarch. No element of these pre-Romanesque buildings has survived to this day.<br /> <br /> During the 11th century, the monastery is mentioned in several documents. In 1094 the patronage was transferred to the See of Coimbra through a donation from Raimundo de Borgonha, Count of Galicia, and his wife Urraca I of León and Castile.<br /> In the 12th century, D. Afonso Henriques (1112-1185) donated the Leça Couto to the Hospitaller Order. The chapter house of the order was established in the original monastery, which later became the seat of one of several bailiffs.<br /> <br /> Under the ownership of the Hospitallers, the monastery underwent expansions and renovations, giving it military elements in the Romanesque style, the most striking element of which was the construction of a massive crenellated tower.<br /> <br /> The current church, a synthesis of Romanesque and Gothic styles, dates back to a major construction campaign between 1330 and 1336.<br /> <br /> The Leça do Balio monastery experienced the extinction of religious orders (1834) and was integrated into the municipality of Bouças (now Matosinhos) in 1835.<br /> <br /> Two monkeys (?) on the left</div> Mosteiro de Leça do Balio <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52350046/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/00/46/52350046.0199a979.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="122" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">It is believed that a Roman Temple of Jupiter and a Villa stood on the spot where the monastery is now.<br /> <br /> However, according to tradition, the original construction of the place dates back to a small monastery with a church, built in the 10th century, in connection with the Christian reconquest, at the time of the first Asturo-Leonian monarch. No element of these pre-Romanesque buildings has survived to this day.<br /> <br /> During the 11th century, the monastery is mentioned in several documents. In 1094 the patronage was transferred to the See of Coimbra through a donation from Raimundo de Borgonha, Count of Galicia, and his wife Urraca I of León and Castile.<br /> In the 12th century, D. Afonso Henriques (1112-1185) donated the Leça Couto to the Hospitaller Order. The chapter house of the order was established in the original monastery, which later became the seat of one of several bailiffs.<br /> <br /> Under the ownership of the Hospitallers, the monastery underwent expansions and renovations, giving it military elements in the Romanesque style, the most striking element of which was the construction of a massive crenellated tower.<br /> <br /> The current church, a synthesis of Romanesque and Gothic styles, dates back to a major construction campaign between 1330 and 1336.<br /> <br /> The Leça do Balio monastery experienced the extinction of religious orders (1834) and was integrated into the municipality of Bouças (now Matosinhos) in 1835.<br /> <br /> Two monkeys (?) on the left</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52147066/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2023-10-10,doc-52147066 Tue, 10 Oct 2023 21:48:30 +0000 2022-12-01T12:17:29+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52147066/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/70/66/52147066.88f39a2a.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="154" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Under the Visigoths, Ávila was one of the most important cities in the kingdom due to its proximity to the capital Toledo. From the 8th to the 11th centuries, Ávila was Moorish. The situation in the contested borderland between the Muslim and Christian worlds prevented prosperity, which only began in the 15th century when the fighting moved further south. The city experienced its heyday in the 16th century. The plague, the expulsion of the Moriscos (baptized Moors), and the emigration of many people to America caused Ávila's gradual decline, from which the city has only slowly recovered since the 19th century. Today the population is around 60,000.<br /> <br /> The “Catedral de Ávila” was planned as a cathedral fortress. The choir is fully integrated into the aalls and its apse was one of the towers of the city wall.<br /> <br /> The building, a mix of Gothic and Romanesque styles, dates back to the 12th century and is considered one of the first Gothic cathedrals in Spain. The client was probably Alfonso VIII. The first draft comes from Master Girald Fruchel (+ 1192). The cathedral shows French influences and great resemblances to the Abbey Church of St Denis,<br /> <br /> Initially created in the choir with a double ambulatory. The nave was only completed in the 14th century. Over time it became clear that the proportions of the central nave and the low side aisles caused structural problems. In the 18th century, support arches were added and the crossing pillars were strengthened.<br /> <br /> This is a detail of a tomb<br /> <br /> A female woodwose and a large chained monkey hold a coat of arms.</div> Ávila - Catedral de Cristo Salvador <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52147066/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/70/66/52147066.88f39a2a.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="154" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Under the Visigoths, Ávila was one of the most important cities in the kingdom due to its proximity to the capital Toledo. From the 8th to the 11th centuries, Ávila was Moorish. The situation in the contested borderland between the Muslim and Christian worlds prevented prosperity, which only began in the 15th century when the fighting moved further south. The city experienced its heyday in the 16th century. The plague, the expulsion of the Moriscos (baptized Moors), and the emigration of many people to America caused Ávila's gradual decline, from which the city has only slowly recovered since the 19th century. Today the population is around 60,000.<br /> <br /> The “Catedral de Ávila” was planned as a cathedral fortress. The choir is fully integrated into the aalls and its apse was one of the towers of the city wall.<br /> <br /> The building, a mix of Gothic and Romanesque styles, dates back to the 12th century and is considered one of the first Gothic cathedrals in Spain. The client was probably Alfonso VIII. The first draft comes from Master Girald Fruchel (+ 1192). The cathedral shows French influences and great resemblances to the Abbey Church of St Denis,<br /> <br /> Initially created in the choir with a double ambulatory. The nave was only completed in the 14th century. Over time it became clear that the proportions of the central nave and the low side aisles caused structural problems. In the 18th century, support arches were added and the crossing pillars were strengthened.<br /> <br /> This is a detail of a tomb<br /> <br /> A female woodwose and a large chained monkey hold a coat of arms.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52140350/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2023-10-04,doc-52140350 Wed, 04 Oct 2023 16:59:40 +0000 2022-12-01T12:06:58+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52140350/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/03/50/52140350.3cc76cdf.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="165" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Salamanca is a "real city" with a population of more than 140.000 inhabitants.<br /> <br /> Under Roman and Visigothic rule called “Helmantica,” the city developed into an important trading center. In the 8th century, Salamanca was taken by the Moors, but in 939 it became Christian again as a result of the Battle of Simancas. Salamanca became a border town to the Islamic south of the Iberian Peninsula and was subsequently exposed to constant attacks, which resulted in depopulation and only after the conquest of Toledo by Alfonso VI. León's rule ended in 1085. In 1102 the period of repopulation began. The Christian new settlers rose against Castile-León in 1162 and called on Portugal for help in 1163, which occupied Salamanca for two years.<br /> <br /> Salamanca experienced its heyday in the 16th century. In 1524, the construction of the church and monastery of San Esteban began and at the same time, the new cathedral was built.<br /> The old cathedral, together with the adjacent larger new cathedral, is the episcopal church. The construction of the Romanesque-early Gothic basilica began around 1150. The work continued well into the 13th century. The cathedral school was founded in 1174, from which the University of Salamanca emerged in 1218.<br /> <br /> The church is a cruciform basilica. The nave is 52 m long and 16.70 m high. All three naves close with semicircular apses. The left transept arm was cut off during the construction of the new cathedral.<br /> <br /> Fighting monkeys, fighting lions</div> Salamanca - Catedral Vieja <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52140350/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/03/50/52140350.3cc76cdf.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="165" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Salamanca is a "real city" with a population of more than 140.000 inhabitants.<br /> <br /> Under Roman and Visigothic rule called “Helmantica,” the city developed into an important trading center. In the 8th century, Salamanca was taken by the Moors, but in 939 it became Christian again as a result of the Battle of Simancas. Salamanca became a border town to the Islamic south of the Iberian Peninsula and was subsequently exposed to constant attacks, which resulted in depopulation and only after the conquest of Toledo by Alfonso VI. León's rule ended in 1085. In 1102 the period of repopulation began. The Christian new settlers rose against Castile-León in 1162 and called on Portugal for help in 1163, which occupied Salamanca for two years.<br /> <br /> Salamanca experienced its heyday in the 16th century. In 1524, the construction of the church and monastery of San Esteban began and at the same time, the new cathedral was built.<br /> The old cathedral, together with the adjacent larger new cathedral, is the episcopal church. The construction of the Romanesque-early Gothic basilica began around 1150. The work continued well into the 13th century. The cathedral school was founded in 1174, from which the University of Salamanca emerged in 1218.<br /> <br /> The church is a cruciform basilica. The nave is 52 m long and 16.70 m high. All three naves close with semicircular apses. The left transept arm was cut off during the construction of the new cathedral.<br /> <br /> Fighting monkeys, fighting lions</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52104826/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2023-09-05,doc-52104826 Tue, 05 Sep 2023 21:43:18 +0000 2022-12-01T12:33:56+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52104826/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/48/26/52104826.cab5fb37.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="187" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Today Frómista has a population of less than 1000. In previous centuries, Frómista had a significant population that lived from growing wheat.<br /> <br /> A church and a Benedictine monastery on this site were first mentioned in the will of Queen Munia Mayor, widow of King Sancho III of Navarre, in 1066. The queen made the monastery and church partial heirs to her fortune. This fortune made possible the construction of a magnificent church, which was built in the last third of the 11th century in a construction period of 15 to 20 years, continuously and without interruption. Close links exist with the Cathedral of Jaca and the Basilica of San Isidoro, the craftsmen appear to have been partly the same.<br /> <br /> In 1118, Queen Urraca, a great-granddaughter of Queen Munia, placed the church, monastery and associated settlement, San Martín, under the authority of the monastery of San Zoilo. San Martín thus became the priory of this monastery. Throughout the following Middle Ages, there were constant disputes between the town of Frómista and the monastery of San Zoilo over rights in and to the village of San Martín, which even led to military conflicts. It was not until 1488 that the dispute was settled.<br /> <br /> In 1453, a Host miracle occurred in San Martín. The paten used and the host was venerated in the church until the 19th century.<br /> <br /> From 1896 to 1904, the church was extensively restored. The restoration, which aimed to recreate a "perfect" Romanesque church, is highly controversial today.<br /> <br /> A male monkey</div> Frómista - San Martín <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52104826/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/48/26/52104826.cab5fb37.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="187" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Today Frómista has a population of less than 1000. In previous centuries, Frómista had a significant population that lived from growing wheat.<br /> <br /> A church and a Benedictine monastery on this site were first mentioned in the will of Queen Munia Mayor, widow of King Sancho III of Navarre, in 1066. The queen made the monastery and church partial heirs to her fortune. This fortune made possible the construction of a magnificent church, which was built in the last third of the 11th century in a construction period of 15 to 20 years, continuously and without interruption. Close links exist with the Cathedral of Jaca and the Basilica of San Isidoro, the craftsmen appear to have been partly the same.<br /> <br /> In 1118, Queen Urraca, a great-granddaughter of Queen Munia, placed the church, monastery and associated settlement, San Martín, under the authority of the monastery of San Zoilo. San Martín thus became the priory of this monastery. Throughout the following Middle Ages, there were constant disputes between the town of Frómista and the monastery of San Zoilo over rights in and to the village of San Martín, which even led to military conflicts. It was not until 1488 that the dispute was settled.<br /> <br /> In 1453, a Host miracle occurred in San Martín. The paten used and the host was venerated in the church until the 19th century.<br /> <br /> From 1896 to 1904, the church was extensively restored. The restoration, which aimed to recreate a "perfect" Romanesque church, is highly controversial today.<br /> <br /> A male monkey</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52101846/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2023-09-04,doc-52101846 Mon, 04 Sep 2023 11:36:13 +0000 2022-12-01T15:27:12+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52101846/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/18/46/52101846.9d98997a.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="161" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In the 7th/8th century, the area was reconquered from the hands of the Moors by the kings of Asturias. A castle was built in 884 on the orders of King Alfonso III. Burgos became the coronation city of the kings of Castile in the 11th century, which underlines its special importance. After the conquest of Toledo by Alfonso VI. (1085). The city became the see of a Diocese and was a major stop for pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela. Burgos lost its importance a little, but the city remained an important economic, cultural, and political center in northern Spain. The Convento de San Pablo was a Dominican monastery founded in 1224 that existed until 1835.<br /> The construction of the cathedral was ordered by King Ferdinand III of Castile and the Bishop of Burgos. Ferdinand had just married Barbarossa´s granddaughter Beatrice of Swabia (aka "Elisabeth of Swabia") and wanted a cathedral, reflecting his new role in the European power game.<br /> <br /> The former Romanesque cathedral was demolished in 1221, and the construction of the new Gothic started under the guidance of a French architect. After nine years, the chevet was completed and the high altar was consecrated. Then the construction stopped for about 200 years.<br /> <br /> Attending the Council of Basel (aka "Council of Florence") in 1435 bishop Alfonso de Cartagena saw the elegant towers of the Basel Minster. When he returned to Burgos he was accompanied by German architect Johannes von Köln (aka "Juan de Colonia"), who probably knew the blueprints of the towers, planned for the Cathedral of Cologne. Under his guidance, the towers of the Cathedral were completed in open tracery. He was followed on the construction site by his son Simon de Colonia. Francisco de Colonia, Simon's son, continued the work and created the Pellejería-Portal. This was a family business.<br /> <br /> As I have uploaded many photos of the cathedral before, I will only add a few for now.<br /> <br /> A dog and a monkey</div> Burgos - Catedral de Burgos <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52101846/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/18/46/52101846.9d98997a.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="161" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In the 7th/8th century, the area was reconquered from the hands of the Moors by the kings of Asturias. A castle was built in 884 on the orders of King Alfonso III. Burgos became the coronation city of the kings of Castile in the 11th century, which underlines its special importance. After the conquest of Toledo by Alfonso VI. (1085). The city became the see of a Diocese and was a major stop for pilgrims to Santiago de Compostela. Burgos lost its importance a little, but the city remained an important economic, cultural, and political center in northern Spain. The Convento de San Pablo was a Dominican monastery founded in 1224 that existed until 1835.<br /> The construction of the cathedral was ordered by King Ferdinand III of Castile and the Bishop of Burgos. Ferdinand had just married Barbarossa´s granddaughter Beatrice of Swabia (aka "Elisabeth of Swabia") and wanted a cathedral, reflecting his new role in the European power game.<br /> <br /> The former Romanesque cathedral was demolished in 1221, and the construction of the new Gothic started under the guidance of a French architect. After nine years, the chevet was completed and the high altar was consecrated. Then the construction stopped for about 200 years.<br /> <br /> Attending the Council of Basel (aka "Council of Florence") in 1435 bishop Alfonso de Cartagena saw the elegant towers of the Basel Minster. When he returned to Burgos he was accompanied by German architect Johannes von Köln (aka "Juan de Colonia"), who probably knew the blueprints of the towers, planned for the Cathedral of Cologne. Under his guidance, the towers of the Cathedral were completed in open tracery. He was followed on the construction site by his son Simon de Colonia. Francisco de Colonia, Simon's son, continued the work and created the Pellejería-Portal. This was a family business.<br /> <br /> As I have uploaded many photos of the cathedral before, I will only add a few for now.<br /> <br /> A dog and a monkey</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52092064/in/album/401855 tag:ipernity.com,2023-08-31,doc-52092064 Thu, 31 Aug 2023 21:59:26 +0000 2022-12-01T11:15:55+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52092064/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/20/64/52092064.08893c52.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="172" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Santo Domingo de Silos is a village with a population of about 300 - and at least one nice hotel.<br /> The first monastery was founded here in the Visigoth period (~ 590), but this monastery did not survive the Muslim period. A monastery was founded here again in 929, but it came to a standstill again after the raids under Almansor in the last quarter of the 10th century.<br /> <br /> In 1002 the monastery was destroyed and had to be founded again. During the term of abbot Domingo de Silos from 1041- 1073, the monastery was strongly supported by King Ferdinand I, who was in power 1035 - 1065. Under Abbot Domingo, construction began on a Romanesque church with three naves, a transept and five apses. The consecration took place in 1088 before the construction as a whole was completed after the turn of the 12th century. After abbot Domingo's death, his veneration began and the monastery adopted him as its patron saint. It was called Santo Domingo de Silos from about 1110.<br /> <br /> In the 18th century, there was a need for a larger church. The Romanesque church was demolished and replaced by a baroque new building.<br /> <br /> The Romanesque cloister has two stories. The lower floor was of course built sometime earlier than the upper floor. The dates are disputed. The oldest parts may date from the late tenure of Saint Domingo. The upper one was completed around 1160/80.<br /> <br /> A large group of monkeys.<br /> <br /> I see two parallels here. The stooped posture and the faces of the animals are similar to the monkeys that sit on the capitals in the Pyrenees. That the monkeys are on a leash is reminiscent of the monkeys on a leash (singe cordé) often found in France (Puy-de-Dome).</div> Santo Domingo de Silos - Monasterio de Santo Domingo de Silos <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52092064/in/album/401855"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/20/64/52092064.08893c52.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="172" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Santo Domingo de Silos is a village with a population of about 300 - and at least one nice hotel.<br /> The first monastery was founded here in the Visigoth period (~ 590), but this monastery did not survive the Muslim period. A monastery was founded here again in 929, but it came to a standstill again after the raids under Almansor in the last quarter of the 10th century.<br /> <br /> In 1002 the monastery was destroyed and had to be founded again. During the term of abbot Domingo de Silos from 1041- 1073, the monastery was strongly supported by King Ferdinand I, who was in power 1035 - 1065. Under Abbot Domingo, construction began on a Romanesque church with three naves, a transept and five apses. The consecration took place in 1088 before the construction as a whole was completed after the turn of the 12th century. After abbot Domingo's death, his veneration began and the monastery adopted him as its patron saint. It was called Santo Domingo de Silos from about 1110.<br /> <br /> In the 18th century, there was a need for a larger church. The Romanesque church was demolished and replaced by a baroque new building.<br /> <br /> The Romanesque cloister has two stories. The lower floor was of course built sometime earlier than the upper floor. The dates are disputed. The oldest parts may date from the late tenure of Saint Domingo. The upper one was completed around 1160/80.<br /> <br /> A large group of monkeys.<br /> <br /> I see two parallels here. The stooped posture and the faces of the animals are similar to the monkeys that sit on the capitals in the Pyrenees. That the monkeys are on a leash is reminiscent of the monkeys on a leash (singe cordé) often found in France (Puy-de-Dome).</div> Martin M. Miles