https://www.ipernity.com/tag/323415/keyword/1454643 https://cdn.ipernity.com/p/105/57/EF/323415.buddy.jpg https://www.ipernity.com/tag/323415/keyword/1454643 Sat, 26 Sep 2026 10:30:39 +0000 Sat, 26 Sep 2026 10:30:39 +0000 https://www.ipernity.com https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52516722 tag:ipernity.com,2024-06-28,doc-52516722 Fri, 28 Jun 2024 19:43:41 +0000 2023-12-01T18:55:52+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52516722"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/67/22/52516722.52f2da42.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="164" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Lerma is a small town (pop. 2,500) that was given its present appearance by Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, Marqués de Denia and Duke of Lerma (1553-1625) in the early 17th century. He was a grandson of the Jesuit general Francisco de Borja and a leading representative of the Counter-Reformation in Spain.<br /> <br /> His uncle was the former Archbishop of Seville, Cristóbal de Rojas y Sandoval (1502-1580). He wanted to be buried in Lerma. Some twenty years after his uncle's death his nephew chose the parish church of San Pedro as a suitable site for the necessary demolition and subsequent new construction of the collegiate church.</div> Lerma - Colegiata San Pedro <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52516722"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/67/22/52516722.52f2da42.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="164" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Lerma is a small town (pop. 2,500) that was given its present appearance by Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, Marqués de Denia and Duke of Lerma (1553-1625) in the early 17th century. He was a grandson of the Jesuit general Francisco de Borja and a leading representative of the Counter-Reformation in Spain.<br /> <br /> His uncle was the former Archbishop of Seville, Cristóbal de Rojas y Sandoval (1502-1580). He wanted to be buried in Lerma. Some twenty years after his uncle's death his nephew chose the parish church of San Pedro as a suitable site for the necessary demolition and subsequent new construction of the collegiate church.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51696074 tag:ipernity.com,2022-12-07,doc-51696074 Wed, 07 Dec 2022 22:12:32 +0000 2022-02-01T15:49:15+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51696074"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/60/74/51696074.a763e232.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="196" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In the mythology, Sorrento was founded by Liparus, grandson of Ulysses and Circe. It was actually founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians. It was influenced by the Greeks, who had a great sanctuary here originally devoted to the cult of the Sirens, hence Sorrento's name.<br /> <br /> After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was ruled by the Ostrogoths and became part of the Empire of Byzantium.In 1035 the city was acquired by Guaimar IV of Salerno, returned later in Lombard hands before Sorrento in 1137 was conquered by Roger II of Sicily, and annexed to the Kingdom of Sicily.<br /> <br /> The construction of the basilica dates back to the 11th century, in the same place where previously stood an oratory in honor of Sant'Antonino, dating back to the 9th century.<br /> <br /> In the 17th during the time of the Counter-Reformation important restorations were undertaken, that gave the basilica a strong Baroque character. In 1668 the facade was rebuilt with the bell tower. In 1866, with the abolition of the monasteries, the monks had to leave the church. Important renovation works took place after the earthquake of Irpinia in 1980, while other restoration works were carried out between 2010 and 2011.<br /> <br /> In the crypt the relics of Antonio di Sorrento are venerated</div> Sorrento - Basilica Sant&#039;Antonino <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51696074"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/60/74/51696074.a763e232.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="196" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In the mythology, Sorrento was founded by Liparus, grandson of Ulysses and Circe. It was actually founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians. It was influenced by the Greeks, who had a great sanctuary here originally devoted to the cult of the Sirens, hence Sorrento's name.<br /> <br /> After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was ruled by the Ostrogoths and became part of the Empire of Byzantium.In 1035 the city was acquired by Guaimar IV of Salerno, returned later in Lombard hands before Sorrento in 1137 was conquered by Roger II of Sicily, and annexed to the Kingdom of Sicily.<br /> <br /> The construction of the basilica dates back to the 11th century, in the same place where previously stood an oratory in honor of Sant'Antonino, dating back to the 9th century.<br /> <br /> In the 17th during the time of the Counter-Reformation important restorations were undertaken, that gave the basilica a strong Baroque character. In 1668 the facade was rebuilt with the bell tower. In 1866, with the abolition of the monasteries, the monks had to leave the church. Important renovation works took place after the earthquake of Irpinia in 1980, while other restoration works were carried out between 2010 and 2011.<br /> <br /> In the crypt the relics of Antonio di Sorrento are venerated</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51695868 tag:ipernity.com,2022-12-07,doc-51695868 Wed, 07 Dec 2022 16:51:47 +0000 2022-02-01T15:48:01+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51695868"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/58/68/51695868.e8e4e16c.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="214" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In the mythology, Sorrento was founded by Liparus, grandson of Ulysses and Circe. It was actually founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians. It was influenced by the Greeks, who had a great sanctuary here originally devoted to the cult of the Sirens, hence Sorrento's name.<br /> <br /> After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was ruled by the Ostrogoths and became part of the Empire of Byzantium.In 1035 the city was acquired by Guaimar IV of Salerno, returned later in Lombard hands before Sorrento in 1137 was conquered by Roger II of Sicily, and annexed to the Kingdom of Sicily.<br /> <br /> The construction of the basilica dates back to the 11th century, in the same place where previously stood an oratory in honor of Sant'Antonino, dating back to the 9th century.<br /> <br /> In the 17th during the time of the Counter-Reformation important restorations were undertaken, that gave the basilica a strong Baroque character. In 1668 the facade was rebuilt with the bell tower. In 1866, with the abolition of the monasteries, the monks had to leave the church. Important renovation works took place after the earthquake of Irpinia in 1980, while other restoration works were carried out between 2010 and 2011.</div> Sorrento - Basilica Sant&#039;Antonino <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51695868"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/58/68/51695868.e8e4e16c.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="214" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In the mythology, Sorrento was founded by Liparus, grandson of Ulysses and Circe. It was actually founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians. It was influenced by the Greeks, who had a great sanctuary here originally devoted to the cult of the Sirens, hence Sorrento's name.<br /> <br /> After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was ruled by the Ostrogoths and became part of the Empire of Byzantium.In 1035 the city was acquired by Guaimar IV of Salerno, returned later in Lombard hands before Sorrento in 1137 was conquered by Roger II of Sicily, and annexed to the Kingdom of Sicily.<br /> <br /> The construction of the basilica dates back to the 11th century, in the same place where previously stood an oratory in honor of Sant'Antonino, dating back to the 9th century.<br /> <br /> In the 17th during the time of the Counter-Reformation important restorations were undertaken, that gave the basilica a strong Baroque character. In 1668 the facade was rebuilt with the bell tower. In 1866, with the abolition of the monasteries, the monks had to leave the church. Important renovation works took place after the earthquake of Irpinia in 1980, while other restoration works were carried out between 2010 and 2011.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51695860 tag:ipernity.com,2022-12-07,doc-51695860 Wed, 07 Dec 2022 16:36:48 +0000 2022-02-01T17:36:48+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51695860"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/58/60/51695860.e5175a6d.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="193" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In the mythology, Sorrento was founded by Liparus, grandson of Ulysses and Circe. It was actually founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians. It was influenced by the Greeks, who had a great sanctuary here originally devoted to the cult of the Sirens, hence Sorrento's name.<br /> <br /> After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was ruled by the Ostrogoths and became part of the Empire of Byzantium.In 1035 the city was acquired by Guaimar IV of Salerno, returned later in Lombard hands before Sorrento in 1137 was conquered by Roger II of Sicily, and annexed to the Kingdom of Sicily.<br /> <br /> The construction of the basilica dates back to the 11th century, in the same place where previously stood an oratory in honor of Sant'Antonino, dating back to the 9th century.<br /> <br /> In the 17th during the time of the Counter-Reformation important restorations were undertaken, that gave the basilica a strong Baroque character. In 1668 the facade was rebuilt with the bell tower. In 1866, with the abolition of the monasteries, the monks had to leave the church. Important renovation works took place after the earthquake of Irpinia in 1980, while other restoration works were carried out between 2010 and 2011.</div> Sorrento - Basilica Sant&#039;Antonino <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51695860"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/58/60/51695860.e5175a6d.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="193" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In the mythology, Sorrento was founded by Liparus, grandson of Ulysses and Circe. It was actually founded in the 7th century BC by the Phoenicians. It was influenced by the Greeks, who had a great sanctuary here originally devoted to the cult of the Sirens, hence Sorrento's name.<br /> <br /> After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was ruled by the Ostrogoths and became part of the Empire of Byzantium.In 1035 the city was acquired by Guaimar IV of Salerno, returned later in Lombard hands before Sorrento in 1137 was conquered by Roger II of Sicily, and annexed to the Kingdom of Sicily.<br /> <br /> The construction of the basilica dates back to the 11th century, in the same place where previously stood an oratory in honor of Sant'Antonino, dating back to the 9th century.<br /> <br /> In the 17th during the time of the Counter-Reformation important restorations were undertaken, that gave the basilica a strong Baroque character. In 1668 the facade was rebuilt with the bell tower. In 1866, with the abolition of the monasteries, the monks had to leave the church. Important renovation works took place after the earthquake of Irpinia in 1980, while other restoration works were carried out between 2010 and 2011.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51498026 tag:ipernity.com,2022-08-10,doc-51498026 Wed, 10 Aug 2022 11:56:43 +0000 2021-11-01T12:48:14+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51498026"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/80/26/51498026.b6d5d747.240.jpg?r2" width="178" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Quakenbrück was founded in 1234 by the bishop of Osnabrück, although the area had been settled previously. When the bishop founded a collegiate chapter, it was probably the bishop's intention to form Quakenbrück as the northernmost bulwark of his diocese. The Reformation, introduced by Hermann Bonnus of Quakenbrück, shaped and changed the town. <br /> <br /> During this process St. Sylvester the former collegiate church (prev. upload), fell to the Protestants under Hermann Bonnus.<br /> <br /> After the Counter-Reformation and the end of the Thirty Years' War, the properties of the chapter were divided between the two confessions. As the Catholics sold parts of their new properties, they were able to build their own church,<br /> <br /> St. Marien was founded in 1652 as a Franciscan monastery church and completed in 1696. It was destroyed during WWII, Only the tower from 1873 survived the bombings. The church was rebuilt in its present form in the 1950s.</div> Quakenbrück - St. Marien <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51498026"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/80/26/51498026.b6d5d747.240.jpg?r2" width="178" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Quakenbrück was founded in 1234 by the bishop of Osnabrück, although the area had been settled previously. When the bishop founded a collegiate chapter, it was probably the bishop's intention to form Quakenbrück as the northernmost bulwark of his diocese. The Reformation, introduced by Hermann Bonnus of Quakenbrück, shaped and changed the town. <br /> <br /> During this process St. Sylvester the former collegiate church (prev. upload), fell to the Protestants under Hermann Bonnus.<br /> <br /> After the Counter-Reformation and the end of the Thirty Years' War, the properties of the chapter were divided between the two confessions. As the Catholics sold parts of their new properties, they were able to build their own church,<br /> <br /> St. Marien was founded in 1652 as a Franciscan monastery church and completed in 1696. It was destroyed during WWII, Only the tower from 1873 survived the bombings. The church was rebuilt in its present form in the 1950s.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262522 tag:ipernity.com,2022-04-10,doc-51262522 Sun, 10 Apr 2022 18:06:46 +0000 2021-09-01T17:12:30+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262522"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/25/22/51262522.4ce8f0cc.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="202" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The castle is of medieval origin, established by High Duke Casimir II the Just. In the first half of the 13th century, the stone keep was built, which by now is the oldest standing building in Lublin.<br /> <br /> During the Jagiellonian dynasty, members of the royal family often stayed here. The castle was expanded and rebuilt to its present size in the 16th century. The most historically significant event of the castle took place in 1569 when the Treaty of Lublin was signed at the castle. This was the founding act of Poland-Lithuania.<br /> <br /> As a result of the wars in the 17th century, the castle deteriorated. Only the tower and the chapel remained intact. After Lublin came under Russian rule as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, a complete restoration of the castle was carried out in the 1820s by Congress Poland. The castle was built in neo-Gothic style, except for the tower and the chapel. <br /> <br /> then the castle served as a prison for the next 128 years: as a Tsarist prison from 1831 to 1915, in independent Poland from 1918 to 1939, and most infamously during the Nazi occupation of the city from 1939 to 1944. After 1944 the castle continued to serve as a prison until 1954.</div> Lublin - Zamek <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262522"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/25/22/51262522.4ce8f0cc.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="202" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The castle is of medieval origin, established by High Duke Casimir II the Just. In the first half of the 13th century, the stone keep was built, which by now is the oldest standing building in Lublin.<br /> <br /> During the Jagiellonian dynasty, members of the royal family often stayed here. The castle was expanded and rebuilt to its present size in the 16th century. The most historically significant event of the castle took place in 1569 when the Treaty of Lublin was signed at the castle. This was the founding act of Poland-Lithuania.<br /> <br /> As a result of the wars in the 17th century, the castle deteriorated. Only the tower and the chapel remained intact. After Lublin came under Russian rule as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, a complete restoration of the castle was carried out in the 1820s by Congress Poland. The castle was built in neo-Gothic style, except for the tower and the chapel. <br /> <br /> then the castle served as a prison for the next 128 years: as a Tsarist prison from 1831 to 1915, in independent Poland from 1918 to 1939, and most infamously during the Nazi occupation of the city from 1939 to 1944. After 1944 the castle continued to serve as a prison until 1954.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262418 tag:ipernity.com,2022-04-10,doc-51262418 Sun, 10 Apr 2022 16:08:09 +0000 2021-09-01T17:04:47+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262418"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/24/18/51262418.5ff09626.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="150" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The castle is of medieval origin, established by High Duke Casimir II the Just. In the first half of the 13th century, the stone keep was built, which by now is the oldest standing building in Lublin.<br /> <br /> During the Jagiellonian dynasty, members of the royal family often stayed here. The castle was expanded and rebuilt to its present size in the 16th century. The most historically significant event of the castle took place in 1569, when the Treaty of Lublin was signed at the castle. This was the founding act of Poland-Lithuania.<br /> <br /> As a result of the wars in the 17th century, the castle deteriorated. Only the tower and the chapel, remained intact. After Lublin came under Russian rule as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, a complete restoration of the castle was carried out in the 1820s by Congress Poland. The castle was built in neo-Gothic style, with the exception of the tower and the chapel. <br /> <br /> Then the castle served as a prison for the next 128 years: as a Tsarist prison from 1831 to 1915, in independent Poland from 1918 to 1939, and most infamously during the Nazi occupation of the city from 1939 to 1944. After 1944 the castle continued to serve as a prison until 1954.</div> Lublin - Zamek <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262418"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/24/18/51262418.5ff09626.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="150" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The castle is of medieval origin, established by High Duke Casimir II the Just. In the first half of the 13th century, the stone keep was built, which by now is the oldest standing building in Lublin.<br /> <br /> During the Jagiellonian dynasty, members of the royal family often stayed here. The castle was expanded and rebuilt to its present size in the 16th century. The most historically significant event of the castle took place in 1569, when the Treaty of Lublin was signed at the castle. This was the founding act of Poland-Lithuania.<br /> <br /> As a result of the wars in the 17th century, the castle deteriorated. Only the tower and the chapel, remained intact. After Lublin came under Russian rule as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, a complete restoration of the castle was carried out in the 1820s by Congress Poland. The castle was built in neo-Gothic style, with the exception of the tower and the chapel. <br /> <br /> Then the castle served as a prison for the next 128 years: as a Tsarist prison from 1831 to 1915, in independent Poland from 1918 to 1939, and most infamously during the Nazi occupation of the city from 1939 to 1944. After 1944 the castle continued to serve as a prison until 1954.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262362 tag:ipernity.com,2022-04-10,doc-51262362 Sun, 10 Apr 2022 14:52:18 +0000 2021-09-01T16:58:11+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262362"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/23/62/51262362.f2836b2c.240.jpg?r2" width="172" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The church and the Dominican monastery were founded in 1342 by King Casimir the Great after he had defeated the Tatars in the battle of Lublin a year before.<br /> <br /> The basilica is dedicated to Saint Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Bishop of Krakow, who was martyred by the Polish king Bolesław II the Generous in 1079. The church was enjoying international renown thanks to the miraculous relics of the Holy Cross. According to one of the legends, the procession with the reliquary saved the city from a tragic fire in 1719. Unfortunately, in 1991, the relics stored in the church for centuries were stolen.</div> Lublin - Kościół św. Stanisława <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262362"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/23/62/51262362.f2836b2c.240.jpg?r2" width="172" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The church and the Dominican monastery were founded in 1342 by King Casimir the Great after he had defeated the Tatars in the battle of Lublin a year before.<br /> <br /> The basilica is dedicated to Saint Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Bishop of Krakow, who was martyred by the Polish king Bolesław II the Generous in 1079. The church was enjoying international renown thanks to the miraculous relics of the Holy Cross. According to one of the legends, the procession with the reliquary saved the city from a tragic fire in 1719. Unfortunately, in 1991, the relics stored in the church for centuries were stolen.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262332 tag:ipernity.com,2022-04-10,doc-51262332 Sun, 10 Apr 2022 13:37:47 +0000 2021-09-01T16:51:45+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262332"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/23/32/51262332.7505add2.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="190" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> In the center of the square stands a large building, originally built in 1389 and rebuilt in 1781 in neoclassical style in 1781. It served and later as a court. A city festival was held, so the old town was crowded with numerous visitors.</div> Lublin - Rynek <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51262332"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/23/32/51262332.7505add2.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="190" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of WWI, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> In the center of the square stands a large building, originally built in 1389 and rebuilt in 1781 in neoclassical style in 1781. It served and later as a court. A city festival was held, so the old town was crowded with numerous visitors.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261714 tag:ipernity.com,2022-04-09,doc-51261714 Sat, 09 Apr 2022 21:54:55 +0000 2021-09-01T18:06:05+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261714"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/17/14/51261714.0b812ca1.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="194" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The Cathedral of St John the Baptist and St Johne the Evangelist was built between 1592 and 1617 as a church of the Jesuits. The design was made by Giovanni Maria Bernardoni. The model was Il Gesù in Rome. Giovanni Maria Bernardoni was a Jesuit and an Italian architect who was the first to design the Baroque style in Poland. So this church is considered one of the first Baroque church buildings in Poland.</div> Lublin - Archikatedra św. Jana Chrzciciela i św. Jana Ewangelisty <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261714"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/17/14/51261714.0b812ca1.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="194" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The Cathedral of St John the Baptist and St Johne the Evangelist was built between 1592 and 1617 as a church of the Jesuits. The design was made by Giovanni Maria Bernardoni. The model was Il Gesù in Rome. Giovanni Maria Bernardoni was a Jesuit and an Italian architect who was the first to design the Baroque style in Poland. So this church is considered one of the first Baroque church buildings in Poland.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261676 tag:ipernity.com,2022-04-09,doc-51261676 Sat, 09 Apr 2022 20:15:10 +0000 2021-09-01T17:46:05+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261676"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/16/76/51261676.ffc79137.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="215" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The Cathedral of St John the Baptist and St Johne the Evangelist was built between 1592 and 1617 as a church of the Jesuits. The design was made by Giovanni Maria Bernardoni. The model was Il Gesù in Rome. Giovanni Maria Bernardoni was a Jesuit and an Italian architect who was the first to design the Baroque style in Poland. So this church is considered one of the first Baroque church buildings in Poland. <br /> I<br /> Since 1805, when the Diocese of Lublin was founded in 1805, the church is a cathedral. In 1820 the neoclassical portico by Antonio Corazzi was added to the facade. Located on the left is the Trinity Tower (prev. upload).</div> Lublin - Archikatedra św. Jana Chrzciciela i św. Jana Ewangelisty <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261676"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/16/76/51261676.ffc79137.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="215" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The Cathedral of St John the Baptist and St Johne the Evangelist was built between 1592 and 1617 as a church of the Jesuits. The design was made by Giovanni Maria Bernardoni. The model was Il Gesù in Rome. Giovanni Maria Bernardoni was a Jesuit and an Italian architect who was the first to design the Baroque style in Poland. So this church is considered one of the first Baroque church buildings in Poland. <br /> I<br /> Since 1805, when the Diocese of Lublin was founded in 1805, the church is a cathedral. In 1820 the neoclassical portico by Antonio Corazzi was added to the facade. Located on the left is the Trinity Tower (prev. upload).</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261564 tag:ipernity.com,2022-04-09,doc-51261564 Sat, 09 Apr 2022 18:49:05 +0000 2021-09-01T18:24:26+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261564"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/15/64/51261564.aec2259a.240.jpg?r2" width="177" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The Trinity Tower is also called the Trinity Gate because it was originally the monastery gate of a Jesuit college. In 1627 it was raised and used as a bell tower. After the abolition of the Jesuit order, it passed into the hands of the Trinitarians, but they did not maintain the building well, so in 1818 it became the property of the city. <br /> <br /> The Italian-born architect Tower Antonio Corazzi designed the tower in the neo-Gothic style. It was severely damaged during WWII and rebuilt in 1945-1952.</div> Lublin - Wieża Trynitarska <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261564"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/15/64/51261564.aec2259a.240.jpg?r2" width="177" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The Trinity Tower is also called the Trinity Gate because it was originally the monastery gate of a Jesuit college. In 1627 it was raised and used as a bell tower. After the abolition of the Jesuit order, it passed into the hands of the Trinitarians, but they did not maintain the building well, so in 1818 it became the property of the city. <br /> <br /> The Italian-born architect Tower Antonio Corazzi designed the tower in the neo-Gothic style. It was severely damaged during WWII and rebuilt in 1945-1952.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261366 tag:ipernity.com,2022-04-09,doc-51261366 Sat, 09 Apr 2022 16:32:17 +0000 2021-09-01T17:04:03+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261366"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/13/66/51261366.e3d3ade7.240.jpg?r2" width="170" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> <br /> The "Coquille Saint-Jacques" leading the way to Santiago de Compostella is everywhere.</div> Lublin <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261366"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/13/66/51261366.e3d3ade7.240.jpg?r2" width="170" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> <br /> The "Coquille Saint-Jacques" leading the way to Santiago de Compostella is everywhere.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261348 tag:ipernity.com,2022-04-09,doc-51261348 Sat, 09 Apr 2022 15:38:27 +0000 2021-09-01T16:54:10+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261348"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/13/48/51261348.d0b81323.240.jpg?r2" width="163" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> <br /> A city festival was held, so the old town was crowded with numerous visitors. Historical house near Lublin´s marketplace</div> Lublin - Brama Krakowska <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51261348"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/13/48/51261348.d0b81323.240.jpg?r2" width="163" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here.<br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time.<br /> -<br /> <br /> <br /> A city festival was held, so the old town was crowded with numerous visitors. Historical house near Lublin´s marketplace</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51259858 tag:ipernity.com,2022-04-08,doc-51259858 Fri, 08 Apr 2022 15:59:27 +0000 2021-09-01T16:45:19+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51259858"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/98/58/51259858.55321699.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="202" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here. <br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time. <br /> -<br /> <br /> The lower part of the Krakow Gate, made of limestone and bricks, dates back to the 14th century. 200 years later, the gate was renovated after being damaged by several fires. In the 17th century, another renovation of the gate took place. Due to the ongoing renovation works and the limited financial resources of the city, the gate was to be demolished in 1830. However, the project found little support. From 1962 to 1965, the gate was renovated again as part of the transformation of the gate into the Museum of the History of the City of Lublin.<br /> <br /> A city festival was held, so the old town was crowded with numerous visitors.</div> Lublin - Brama Krakowska <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51259858"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/98/58/51259858.55321699.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="202" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">A fortress of a regional tribe is attested here. After its destruction, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II Lambert, had a castle built here. <br /> <br /> In 1205 Roman of Volhynia unsuccessfully besieged the castle. In 1241 Lublin was destroyed by the Tatars. In 1244 the place was conquered by Lithuanians, in the same year, Daniel Romanovich of Galicia conquered and fortified it.<br /> <br /> Under the protection of the castle, the settlement developed into a trade center. In 1317 it received the town charter. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian community were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. At one of the most important ones, the "Union of Lublin" was proclaimed in 1569, uniting Poland and Lithuania. After the capital was moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1596, Lublin was located away from the main traffic and trade routes. As a result, there was an economic and cultural decline.<br /> <br /> In the course of the Counter-Reformation, the Protestants were forcibly expelled from the city in 1631, so many merchants emigrated. In 1655 Cossacks sacked the town and the following year Swedish soldiers. After the Northern War, the reconstruction of the town began. Stanislaus II August Poniatowski allowed Protestants to settle in the city again. At this time, a significant Jewish community was also established. The Jews were an important part of life in the city until the Holocaust. During WWII they were deported by Nazi Germany to the infamous Lublin Ghetto and eventually murdered.<br /> <br /> After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was part of the Austrian Empire, after the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it was part of Congress Poland as part of the Russian partition of Poland. Russian rule ended in 1915 when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the end of World War I, the Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland - the first government of independent Poland - was based in Lublin for a short time. <br /> -<br /> <br /> The lower part of the Krakow Gate, made of limestone and bricks, dates back to the 14th century. 200 years later, the gate was renovated after being damaged by several fires. In the 17th century, another renovation of the gate took place. Due to the ongoing renovation works and the limited financial resources of the city, the gate was to be demolished in 1830. However, the project found little support. From 1962 to 1965, the gate was renovated again as part of the transformation of the gate into the Museum of the History of the City of Lublin.<br /> <br /> A city festival was held, so the old town was crowded with numerous visitors.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45416984 tag:ipernity.com,2017-08-30,doc-45416984 Wed, 30 Aug 2017 06:41:16 +0000 2016-10-01T00:00:00+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45416984"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/69/84/45416984.d72ad4b8.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Stift Millstatt ("Millstatt Abbey") was founded by the Aribo II and Boto, members of Aribonids, a noble, Bavarian family, around 1070.<br /> <br /> Run by Benedictine monks and protected by Papal deeds Stift Millstatt prospered in the early years and a nunnery was added.<br /> <br /> Within the 13th century, the decay began. As the abbey had secular Church Vogts, it suffered strongly under the political powergames of that timne and finaly ended 1456 under the House of Habsburg. At that time only 10 monks still lived here.<br /> <br /> Emperor Frederick III reached a papal bull in 1469, so that the military order of the Knights of Saint George took over Stift Millstatt in order to fight the invading troops of the Ottoman Empire.<br /> <br /> The order now had to cope with the debts left by the Benedictines and the redevelopment of the neglected premises. While the knights were engaged with the fortification of the monastery, they failed to protect the region. Millstatt was heavily devastated by the Turks in 1478, followed by Hungarian troops in 1487. As the power of the knightly order declined, unrests and revolts arose among the peasants.<br /> <br /> As the new Protestant belief spread in the area the monastery vested the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits") in 1598 to support the Counter-Reformation.<br /> <br /> The monks were disliked by the population for their stern measures. In 1737 the displeasure culminated in open revolt, when peasants ganged up and stormed the monastery. The rule of the Jesuits ended, when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The monks had to leave Millstatt.<br /> <br /> Today the former abbey-church serves the parish, while the other buildings belong to the Austrian state and host the "Österreichische Bundesforste" (Austrian State Forestry Commission).<br /> <br /> The church underwent numerous alterations over the centuries. It did not only suffer from fires, but as well from earthquakes. A strong quake in 1690 heavily damaged the western facade.<br /> <br /> The side portal of the former abby church is in the northeastern corner of the cloister. This is from where the monks entered the church. The portal was "remodeled" around 1500, using Romanesque sculptures, that probably were created 1150-1200 for different places.<br /> <br /> On both sides of the portal are very similar sculptures. Properly dressed ladies hold ugly men. Here the (crowned) lady holds a cross - and has grabbed the thug by his moustache.</div> Millstatt am See - Stift Millstatt <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45416984"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/69/84/45416984.d72ad4b8.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Stift Millstatt ("Millstatt Abbey") was founded by the Aribo II and Boto, members of Aribonids, a noble, Bavarian family, around 1070.<br /> <br /> Run by Benedictine monks and protected by Papal deeds Stift Millstatt prospered in the early years and a nunnery was added.<br /> <br /> Within the 13th century, the decay began. As the abbey had secular Church Vogts, it suffered strongly under the political powergames of that timne and finaly ended 1456 under the House of Habsburg. At that time only 10 monks still lived here.<br /> <br /> Emperor Frederick III reached a papal bull in 1469, so that the military order of the Knights of Saint George took over Stift Millstatt in order to fight the invading troops of the Ottoman Empire.<br /> <br /> The order now had to cope with the debts left by the Benedictines and the redevelopment of the neglected premises. While the knights were engaged with the fortification of the monastery, they failed to protect the region. Millstatt was heavily devastated by the Turks in 1478, followed by Hungarian troops in 1487. As the power of the knightly order declined, unrests and revolts arose among the peasants.<br /> <br /> As the new Protestant belief spread in the area the monastery vested the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits") in 1598 to support the Counter-Reformation.<br /> <br /> The monks were disliked by the population for their stern measures. In 1737 the displeasure culminated in open revolt, when peasants ganged up and stormed the monastery. The rule of the Jesuits ended, when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The monks had to leave Millstatt.<br /> <br /> Today the former abbey-church serves the parish, while the other buildings belong to the Austrian state and host the "Österreichische Bundesforste" (Austrian State Forestry Commission).<br /> <br /> The church underwent numerous alterations over the centuries. It did not only suffer from fires, but as well from earthquakes. A strong quake in 1690 heavily damaged the western facade.<br /> <br /> The side portal of the former abby church is in the northeastern corner of the cloister. This is from where the monks entered the church. The portal was "remodeled" around 1500, using Romanesque sculptures, that probably were created 1150-1200 for different places.<br /> <br /> On both sides of the portal are very similar sculptures. Properly dressed ladies hold ugly men. Here the (crowned) lady holds a cross - and has grabbed the thug by his moustache.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45415850 tag:ipernity.com,2017-08-29,doc-45415850 Tue, 29 Aug 2017 21:17:18 +0000 2016-10-01T00:00:00+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45415850"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/58/50/45415850.daa85a1f.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="199" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Stift Millstatt ("Millstatt Abbey") was founded by the Aribo II and Boto, members of Aribonids, a noble, Bavarian family, around 1070.<br /> <br /> Run by Benedictine monks and protected by Papal deeds Stift Millstatt prospered in the early years and a nunnery was added.<br /> <br /> Within the 13th century, the decay began. As the abbey had secular Church Vogts, it suffered strongly under the political powergames of that timne and finaly ended 1456 under the House of Habsburg. At that time only 10 monks still lived here.<br /> <br /> Emperor Frederick III reached a papal bull in 1469, so that the military order of the Knights of Saint George took over Stift Millstatt in order to fight the invading troops of the Ottoman Empire.<br /> <br /> The order now had to cope with the debts left by the Benedictines and the redevelopment of the neglected premises. While the knights were engaged with the fortification of the monastery, they failed to protect the region. Millstatt was heavily devastated by the Turks in 1478, followed by Hungarian troops in 1487. As the power of the knightly order declined, unrests and revolts arose among the peasants.<br /> <br /> As the new Protestant belief spread in the area the monastery vested the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits") in 1598 to support the Counter-Reformation.<br /> <br /> The monks were disliked by the population for their stern measures. In 1737 the displeasure culminated in open revolt, when peasants ganged up and stormed the monastery. The rule of the Jesuits ended, when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The monks had to leave Millstatt.<br /> <br /> Today the former abbey-church serves the parish, while the other buildings belong to the Austrian state and host the "Österreichische Bundesforste" (Austrian State Forestry Commission).<br /> <br /> The church underwent numerous alterations over the centuries. It did not only suffer from fires, but as well from earthquakes. A strong quake in 1690 heavily damaged the western facade.<br /> <br /> The side portal of the former abby church is in the northeastern corner of the cloister. This is from where the monks entered the church. The portal was "remodeled" around 1500, using Romanesque sculptures, that probably were created 1150-1200 for different places.<br /> <br /> On both sides of the portal are very similar sculptures. Properly dressed ladies hold ugly men. Here the man is in chains. This may stand for the Christianity - and Heathenism.<br /> <br /> The chained person reminds me on sculptures in Oloron-Sainte-Marie and Morlaàs (Southern France).</div> Millstatt am See - Stift Millstatt <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45415850"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/58/50/45415850.daa85a1f.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="199" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Stift Millstatt ("Millstatt Abbey") was founded by the Aribo II and Boto, members of Aribonids, a noble, Bavarian family, around 1070.<br /> <br /> Run by Benedictine monks and protected by Papal deeds Stift Millstatt prospered in the early years and a nunnery was added.<br /> <br /> Within the 13th century, the decay began. As the abbey had secular Church Vogts, it suffered strongly under the political powergames of that timne and finaly ended 1456 under the House of Habsburg. At that time only 10 monks still lived here.<br /> <br /> Emperor Frederick III reached a papal bull in 1469, so that the military order of the Knights of Saint George took over Stift Millstatt in order to fight the invading troops of the Ottoman Empire.<br /> <br /> The order now had to cope with the debts left by the Benedictines and the redevelopment of the neglected premises. While the knights were engaged with the fortification of the monastery, they failed to protect the region. Millstatt was heavily devastated by the Turks in 1478, followed by Hungarian troops in 1487. As the power of the knightly order declined, unrests and revolts arose among the peasants.<br /> <br /> As the new Protestant belief spread in the area the monastery vested the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits") in 1598 to support the Counter-Reformation.<br /> <br /> The monks were disliked by the population for their stern measures. In 1737 the displeasure culminated in open revolt, when peasants ganged up and stormed the monastery. The rule of the Jesuits ended, when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The monks had to leave Millstatt.<br /> <br /> Today the former abbey-church serves the parish, while the other buildings belong to the Austrian state and host the "Österreichische Bundesforste" (Austrian State Forestry Commission).<br /> <br /> The church underwent numerous alterations over the centuries. It did not only suffer from fires, but as well from earthquakes. A strong quake in 1690 heavily damaged the western facade.<br /> <br /> The side portal of the former abby church is in the northeastern corner of the cloister. This is from where the monks entered the church. The portal was "remodeled" around 1500, using Romanesque sculptures, that probably were created 1150-1200 for different places.<br /> <br /> On both sides of the portal are very similar sculptures. Properly dressed ladies hold ugly men. Here the man is in chains. This may stand for the Christianity - and Heathenism.<br /> <br /> The chained person reminds me on sculptures in Oloron-Sainte-Marie and Morlaàs (Southern France).</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45412954 tag:ipernity.com,2017-08-29,doc-45412954 Tue, 29 Aug 2017 15:06:46 +0000 2016-10-01T00:00:00+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45412954"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/29/54/45412954.d1222681.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="183" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Stift Millstatt ("Millstatt Abbey") was founded by the Aribo II and Boto, members of Aribonids, a noble, Bavarian family, around 1070.<br /> <br /> Run by Benedictine monks and protected by Papal deeds Stift Millstatt prospered in the early years and a nunnery was added.<br /> <br /> Within the 13th century, the decay began. As the abbey had secular Church Vogts, it suffered strongly under the political powergames of that timne and finaly ended 1456 under the House of Habsburg. At that time only 10 monks still lived here.<br /> <br /> Emperor Frederick III reached a papal bull in 1469, so that the military order of the Knights of Saint George took over Stift Millstatt in order to fight the invading troops of the Ottoman Empire.<br /> <br /> The order now had to cope with the debts left by the Benedictines and the redevelopment of the neglected premises. While the knights were engaged with the fortification of the monastery, they failed to protect the region. Millstatt was heavily devastated by the Turks in 1478, followed by Hungarian troops in 1487. As the power of the knightly order declined, unrests and revolts arose among the peasants.<br /> <br /> As the new Protestant belief spread in the area the monastery vested the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits") in 1598 to support the Counter-Reformation.<br /> <br /> The monks were disliked by the population for their stern measures. In 1737 the displeasure culminated in open revolt, when peasants ganged up and stormed the monastery. The rule of the Jesuits ended, when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The monks had to leave Millstatt.<br /> <br /> Today the former abbey-church serves the parish, while the other buildings belong to the Austrian state and host the "Österreichische Bundesforste" (Austrian State Forestry Commission).<br /> <br /> The church underwent numerous alterations over the centuries. It did not only suffer from fires, but as well from earthquakes. A strong quake in 1690 heavily damaged the western facade.<br /> <br /> The side portal of the former abby church is in the northeastern corner of the cloister. This is from where the monks entered the church. The portal was "remodeled" around 1500, using Romanesque sculptures, that probably were created 1150-1200 for different places. <br /> <br /> A devouring monster over a capital with a group of mermaids. The poor victim in the monster´s mouth holds a kind of tool..</div> Millstatt am See - Stift Millstatt <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45412954"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/29/54/45412954.d1222681.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="183" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Stift Millstatt ("Millstatt Abbey") was founded by the Aribo II and Boto, members of Aribonids, a noble, Bavarian family, around 1070.<br /> <br /> Run by Benedictine monks and protected by Papal deeds Stift Millstatt prospered in the early years and a nunnery was added.<br /> <br /> Within the 13th century, the decay began. As the abbey had secular Church Vogts, it suffered strongly under the political powergames of that timne and finaly ended 1456 under the House of Habsburg. At that time only 10 monks still lived here.<br /> <br /> Emperor Frederick III reached a papal bull in 1469, so that the military order of the Knights of Saint George took over Stift Millstatt in order to fight the invading troops of the Ottoman Empire.<br /> <br /> The order now had to cope with the debts left by the Benedictines and the redevelopment of the neglected premises. While the knights were engaged with the fortification of the monastery, they failed to protect the region. Millstatt was heavily devastated by the Turks in 1478, followed by Hungarian troops in 1487. As the power of the knightly order declined, unrests and revolts arose among the peasants.<br /> <br /> As the new Protestant belief spread in the area the monastery vested the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits") in 1598 to support the Counter-Reformation.<br /> <br /> The monks were disliked by the population for their stern measures. In 1737 the displeasure culminated in open revolt, when peasants ganged up and stormed the monastery. The rule of the Jesuits ended, when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The monks had to leave Millstatt.<br /> <br /> Today the former abbey-church serves the parish, while the other buildings belong to the Austrian state and host the "Österreichische Bundesforste" (Austrian State Forestry Commission).<br /> <br /> The church underwent numerous alterations over the centuries. It did not only suffer from fires, but as well from earthquakes. A strong quake in 1690 heavily damaged the western facade.<br /> <br /> The side portal of the former abby church is in the northeastern corner of the cloister. This is from where the monks entered the church. The portal was "remodeled" around 1500, using Romanesque sculptures, that probably were created 1150-1200 for different places. <br /> <br /> A devouring monster over a capital with a group of mermaids. The poor victim in the monster´s mouth holds a kind of tool..</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45412682 tag:ipernity.com,2017-08-29,doc-45412682 Tue, 29 Aug 2017 13:58:56 +0000 2016-10-01T00:00:00+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45412682"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/26/82/45412682.7d656fd5.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Stift Millstatt ("Millstatt Abbey") was founded by the Aribo II and Boto, members of Aribonids, a noble, Bavarian family, around 1070.<br /> <br /> Run by Benedictine monks and protected by Papal deeds Stift Millstatt prospered in the early years and a nunnery was added.<br /> <br /> Within the 13th century, the decay began. As the abbey had secular Church Vogts, it suffered strongly under the political powergames of that timne and finaly ended 1456 under the House of Habsburg. At that time only 10 monks still lived here.<br /> <br /> Emperor Frederick III reached a papal bull in 1469, so that the military order of the Knights of Saint George took over Stift Millstatt in order to fight the invading troops of the Ottoman Empire.<br /> <br /> The order now had to cope with the debts left by the Benedictines and the redevelopment of the neglected premises. While the knights were engaged with the fortification of the monastery, they failed to protect the region. Millstatt was heavily devastated by the Turks in 1478, followed by Hungarian troops in 1487. As the power of the knightly order declined, unrests and revolts arose among the peasants.<br /> <br /> As the new Protestant belief spread in the area the monastery vested the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits") in 1598 to support the Counter-Reformation.<br /> <br /> The monks were disliked by the population for their stern measures. In 1737 the displeasure culminated in open revolt, when peasants ganged up and stormed the monastery. The rule of the Jesuits ended, when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The monks had to leave Millstatt.<br /> <br /> Today the former abbey-church serves the parish, while the other buildings belong to the Austrian state and host the "Österreichische Bundesforste" (Austrian State Forestry Commission).<br /> <br /> The church underwent numerous alterations over the centuries. It did not only suffer from fires, but as well from earthquakes. A strong quake in 1690 heavily damaged the western facade.<br /> <br /> The side portal of the former abby church is in the northeastern corner of the cloister. This is from where the monks entered the church. The portal was "remodeled" around 1500, using Romanesque sculptures, that probably were created 1150-1200 for different places. Here - over the capital - lurks a huge griffon.</div> Millstatt am See - Stift Millstatt <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45412682"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/26/82/45412682.7d656fd5.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Stift Millstatt ("Millstatt Abbey") was founded by the Aribo II and Boto, members of Aribonids, a noble, Bavarian family, around 1070.<br /> <br /> Run by Benedictine monks and protected by Papal deeds Stift Millstatt prospered in the early years and a nunnery was added.<br /> <br /> Within the 13th century, the decay began. As the abbey had secular Church Vogts, it suffered strongly under the political powergames of that timne and finaly ended 1456 under the House of Habsburg. At that time only 10 monks still lived here.<br /> <br /> Emperor Frederick III reached a papal bull in 1469, so that the military order of the Knights of Saint George took over Stift Millstatt in order to fight the invading troops of the Ottoman Empire.<br /> <br /> The order now had to cope with the debts left by the Benedictines and the redevelopment of the neglected premises. While the knights were engaged with the fortification of the monastery, they failed to protect the region. Millstatt was heavily devastated by the Turks in 1478, followed by Hungarian troops in 1487. As the power of the knightly order declined, unrests and revolts arose among the peasants.<br /> <br /> As the new Protestant belief spread in the area the monastery vested the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits") in 1598 to support the Counter-Reformation.<br /> <br /> The monks were disliked by the population for their stern measures. In 1737 the displeasure culminated in open revolt, when peasants ganged up and stormed the monastery. The rule of the Jesuits ended, when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The monks had to leave Millstatt.<br /> <br /> Today the former abbey-church serves the parish, while the other buildings belong to the Austrian state and host the "Österreichische Bundesforste" (Austrian State Forestry Commission).<br /> <br /> The church underwent numerous alterations over the centuries. It did not only suffer from fires, but as well from earthquakes. A strong quake in 1690 heavily damaged the western facade.<br /> <br /> The side portal of the former abby church is in the northeastern corner of the cloister. This is from where the monks entered the church. The portal was "remodeled" around 1500, using Romanesque sculptures, that probably were created 1150-1200 for different places. Here - over the capital - lurks a huge griffon.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45409978 tag:ipernity.com,2017-08-29,doc-45409978 Tue, 29 Aug 2017 07:17:34 +0000 2016-10-01T00:00:00+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45409978"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/99/78/45409978.55c8bd01.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Stift Millstatt ("Millstatt Abbey") was founded by the Aribo II and Boto, members of Aribonids, a noble, Bavarian family, around 1070.<br /> <br /> Run by Benedictine monks and protected by Papal deeds Stift Millstatt prospered in the early years and a nunnery was added.<br /> <br /> Within the 13th century, the decay began. As the abbey had secular Church Vogts, it suffered strongly under the political powergames of that timne and finaly ended 1456 under the House of Habsburg. At that time only 10 monks still lived here.<br /> <br /> Emperor Frederick III reached a papal bull in 1469, so that the military order of the Knights of Saint George took over Stift Millstatt in order to fight the invading troops of the Ottoman Empire.<br /> <br /> The order now had to cope with the debts left by the Benedictines and the redevelopment of the neglected premises. While the knights were engaged with the fortification of the monastery, they failed to protect the region. Millstatt was heavily devastated by the Turks in 1478, followed by Hungarian troops in 1487. As the power of the knightly order declined, unrests and revolts arose among the peasants.<br /> <br /> As the new Protestant belief spread in the area the monastery vested the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits") in 1598 to support the Counter-Reformation.<br /> <br /> The monks were disliked by the population for their stern measures. In 1737 the displeasure culminated in open revolt, when peasants ganged up and stormed the monastery. The rule of the Jesuits ended, when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The monks had to leave Millstatt.<br /> <br /> Today the former abbey-church serves the parish, while the other buildings belong to the Austrian state and host the "Österreichische Bundesforste" (Austrian State Forestry Commission).<br /> <br /> The church underwent numerous alterations over the centuries. It did not only suffer from fires, but as well from earthquakes. A strong quake in 1690 heavily damaged the western facade.<br /> <br /> The side portal of the former abby church is in the northeastern corner of the cloister. This is from where the monks entered the church. The portal was "remodeled" around 1500, using Romanesque sculptures, that probably were created 1150-1200 for different places. Here is a tiny Samson fighting a giant lion.</div> Millstatt am See - Stift Millstatt <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/45409978"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/99/78/45409978.55c8bd01.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Stift Millstatt ("Millstatt Abbey") was founded by the Aribo II and Boto, members of Aribonids, a noble, Bavarian family, around 1070.<br /> <br /> Run by Benedictine monks and protected by Papal deeds Stift Millstatt prospered in the early years and a nunnery was added.<br /> <br /> Within the 13th century, the decay began. As the abbey had secular Church Vogts, it suffered strongly under the political powergames of that timne and finaly ended 1456 under the House of Habsburg. At that time only 10 monks still lived here.<br /> <br /> Emperor Frederick III reached a papal bull in 1469, so that the military order of the Knights of Saint George took over Stift Millstatt in order to fight the invading troops of the Ottoman Empire.<br /> <br /> The order now had to cope with the debts left by the Benedictines and the redevelopment of the neglected premises. While the knights were engaged with the fortification of the monastery, they failed to protect the region. Millstatt was heavily devastated by the Turks in 1478, followed by Hungarian troops in 1487. As the power of the knightly order declined, unrests and revolts arose among the peasants.<br /> <br /> As the new Protestant belief spread in the area the monastery vested the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits") in 1598 to support the Counter-Reformation.<br /> <br /> The monks were disliked by the population for their stern measures. In 1737 the displeasure culminated in open revolt, when peasants ganged up and stormed the monastery. The rule of the Jesuits ended, when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The monks had to leave Millstatt.<br /> <br /> Today the former abbey-church serves the parish, while the other buildings belong to the Austrian state and host the "Österreichische Bundesforste" (Austrian State Forestry Commission).<br /> <br /> The church underwent numerous alterations over the centuries. It did not only suffer from fires, but as well from earthquakes. A strong quake in 1690 heavily damaged the western facade.<br /> <br /> The side portal of the former abby church is in the northeastern corner of the cloister. This is from where the monks entered the church. The portal was "remodeled" around 1500, using Romanesque sculptures, that probably were created 1150-1200 for different places. Here is a tiny Samson fighting a giant lion.</div> Martin M. Miles