https://www.ipernity.com/tag/323415/keyword/2381543 https://cdn.ipernity.com/p/105/57/EF/323415.buddy.jpg https://www.ipernity.com/tag/323415/keyword/2381543 Wed, 16 Sep 2026 19:07:58 +0000 Wed, 16 Sep 2026 19:07:58 +0000 https://www.ipernity.com https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53278450 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-21,doc-53278450 Sat, 21 Mar 2026 21:54:01 +0000 2025-12-01T14:13:18+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53278450"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/84/50/53278450.4b66ecbd.240.jpg?r2" width="180" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must have been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> Tombstone <br /> of Jean de Neville<br /> 1390 AD<br /> <br /> <br /> Many gravestones from the Frankish period were<br /> damaged by later conquerors, who scratched the faces</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53278450"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/84/50/53278450.4b66ecbd.240.jpg?r2" width="180" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must have been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> Tombstone <br /> of Jean de Neville<br /> 1390 AD<br /> <br /> <br /> Many gravestones from the Frankish period were<br /> damaged by later conquerors, who scratched the faces</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277802 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277802 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 22:26:36 +0000 2025-12-01T14:25:04+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277802"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/78/02/53277802.1a72dcc2.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="136" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> Early Christian period <br /> Martyrdom ? <br /> 16th c. AD</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277802"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/78/02/53277802.1a72dcc2.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="136" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> Early Christian period <br /> Martyrdom ? <br /> 16th c. AD</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277772 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277772 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 21:12:49 +0000 2025-12-01T14:26:12+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277772"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/77/72/53277772.9d4608c4.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="206" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> Capital<br /> Marble, 7th c AD</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277772"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/77/72/53277772.9d4608c4.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="206" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> Capital<br /> Marble, 7th c AD</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277760 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277760 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 20:55:42 +0000 2025-12-01T14:30:18+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277760"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/77/60/53277760.85932be3.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="168" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> Reliquary box<br /> 12c - 13c</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277760"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/77/60/53277760.85932be3.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="168" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> Reliquary box<br /> 12c - 13c</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277752 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277752 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 20:35:52 +0000 2025-12-01T14:29:04+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277752"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/77/52/53277752.2cec2a0e.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="207" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Plaque depicting the falconry<br /> Islamic Art / 18th c. AD</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277752"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/77/52/53277752.2cec2a0e.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="207" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Plaque depicting the falconry<br /> Islamic Art / 18th c. AD</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277708 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277708 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 18:21:51 +0000 2025-12-01T14:33:03+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277708"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/77/08/53277708.b7fbdd35.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="234" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl - wedding bowl<br /> Such bowls, decorated with a couple embracing, were gifts at weddings<br /> 14th c. AD</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277708"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/77/08/53277708.b7fbdd35.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="234" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl - wedding bowl<br /> Such bowls, decorated with a couple embracing, were gifts at weddings<br /> 14th c. AD</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277680 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277680 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 17:02:05 +0000 2025-12-01T14:32:57+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277680"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/76/80/53277680.6cf31733.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="238" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl - wedding bowl<br /> Such bowls, decorated with a couple embracing, were gifts at weddings<br /> 14th c. AD</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277680"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/76/80/53277680.6cf31733.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="238" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl - wedding bowl<br /> Such bowls, decorated with a couple embracing, were gifts at weddings<br /> 14th c. AD</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277638 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277638 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 16:49:14 +0000 2025-12-01T14:28:07+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277638"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/76/38/53277638.0a32d22e.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="228" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl <br /> 14th c. AD</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277638"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/76/38/53277638.0a32d22e.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="228" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl <br /> 14th c. AD</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277632 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277632 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 16:40:53 +0000 2025-12-01T14:28:07+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277632"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/76/32/53277632.941c18bb.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="235" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl <br /> 14th c. AD</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277632"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/76/32/53277632.941c18bb.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="235" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl <br /> 14th c. AD</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277624 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277624 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 16:28:05 +0000 2025-12-01T14:03:27+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277624"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/76/24/53277624.4c4f00b9.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="230" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl/plate<br /> 14th c. AD</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277624"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/76/24/53277624.4c4f00b9.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="230" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl/plate<br /> 14th c. AD</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277436 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277436 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 12:24:11 +0000 2025-12-01T14:02:41+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277436"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/74/36/53277436.40e9e116.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="220" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl - wedding bowl<br /> Such bowls,decorated with a couple embracing, were gifts at weddings<br /> 14th c. AD</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277436"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/74/36/53277436.40e9e116.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="220" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl - wedding bowl<br /> Such bowls,decorated with a couple embracing, were gifts at weddings<br /> 14th c. AD</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277432 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-20,doc-53277432 Fri, 20 Mar 2026 12:14:33 +0000 2025-12-01T14:02:30+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277432"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/74/32/53277432.12e3766d.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="227" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl - wedding bowl<br /> Such bowls,decorated with a couple embracing, were gifts at weddings<br /> 14th c. AD</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53277432"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/74/32/53277432.12e3766d.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="227" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> <br /> Clay bowl - wedding bowl<br /> Such bowls,decorated with a couple embracing, were gifts at weddings<br /> 14th c. AD</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53276998 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-19,doc-53276998 Thu, 19 Mar 2026 22:21:28 +0000 2025-12-01T14:01:47+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53276998"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/69/98/53276998.f8e189d5.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="182" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53276998"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/69/98/53276998.f8e189d5.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="182" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53276996 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-19,doc-53276996 Thu, 19 Mar 2026 22:12:21 +0000 2025-12-01T13:52:30+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53276996"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/69/96/53276996.34e6d36e.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> <br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.</div> Limassol - Castle <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53276996"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/69/96/53276996.34e6d36e.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The castle is situated near the old harbour in the heart of the historical centre of the city. The castle appears today is a structure rebuilt c. 1590 under the period of Ottoman rule. <br /> <br /> Archaeological investigation revealed that it was built over an Early Christian basilica (4–7th centuries) and a Middle Byzantine monument (10th/11th centuries). According to Etienne Lusignan, the original castle was erected by Guy of Lusignan in 1193. Tradition tells, this is where Richard the Lionheart married Berengaria of Navarre already in 1191, when it must gave been unfinished..<br /> <br /> The first official reference to the fort dates to 1228, during the involvement of Emperor Frederick II in the affairs of Cyprus. <br /> <br /> The castle was one of the targets of Mamluk attacks in 1420 and was captured by the Genoese in 1452, who held it for almost ten years. At the beginning of Venetian rule (1489–1571), the castle was destroyed by an earthquake, but after the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, it was rebuilt for defensive purposes.<br /> <br /> During the British rule the underground chamber and the first floor were transformed into prison cells and remained in use until 1942.<br /> <br /> Since 1987 the castle houses the Medieval Museum of Cyprus.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246288 tag:ipernity.com,2026-02-13,doc-53246288 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 17:30:34 +0000 2025-10-01T13:13:40+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246288"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/88/53246288.fd694007.240.jpg?r2" width="167" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> The "Täuferreich von Münster", (Anabaptist dominion of Münster) was an attempt by radical Anabaptists to establish a communal sectarian government in the city of Münster – then under the large Prince-Bishopric of Münster.<br /> <br /> The city was under Anabaptist rule from February 1534 until its fall after lengthy resistance, when it was taken by the besiegers in June 1535. In January 1536, Ananaptists John of Leiden, Bernhard Knipperdolling and Bernhard Krechting, were tortured and executed in the marketplace of Münster. Their bodies were exhibited in cages which hung from the steeple of St. Lambert's Church. The bones were removed later, but the cages hang there still.<br /> <br /> Bernhard Knipperdolling</div> Paderborn - Museum in der Kaiserpfalz (PiP) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246288"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/88/53246288.fd694007.240.jpg?r2" width="167" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> The "Täuferreich von Münster", (Anabaptist dominion of Münster) was an attempt by radical Anabaptists to establish a communal sectarian government in the city of Münster – then under the large Prince-Bishopric of Münster.<br /> <br /> The city was under Anabaptist rule from February 1534 until its fall after lengthy resistance, when it was taken by the besiegers in June 1535. In January 1536, Ananaptists John of Leiden, Bernhard Knipperdolling and Bernhard Krechting, were tortured and executed in the marketplace of Münster. Their bodies were exhibited in cages which hung from the steeple of St. Lambert's Church. The bones were removed later, but the cages hang there still.<br /> <br /> Bernhard Knipperdolling</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246274 tag:ipernity.com,2026-02-13,doc-53246274 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 16:58:54 +0000 2025-10-01T13:13:09+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246274"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/74/53246274.78fbf31c.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="129" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> The "Täuferreich von Münster", (Anabaptist dominion of Münster) was an attempt by radical Anabaptists to establish a communal sectarian government in the city of Münster – then under the large Prince-Bishopric of Münster.<br /> <br /> The city was under Anabaptist rule from February 1534 until its fall after lengthy resistance, when it was taken by the besiegers in June 1535. In January 1536, Ananaptists John of Leiden, Bernhard Knipperdolling and Bernhard Krechting, were tortured and executed in the marketplace of Münster. Their bodies were exhibited in cages which hung from the steeple of St. Lambert's Church. The bones were removed later, but the cages hang there still.<br /> <br /> Anabaptist coins, 1534</div> Paderborn - Museum in der Kaiserpfalz (PiP) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246274"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/74/53246274.78fbf31c.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="129" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> The "Täuferreich von Münster", (Anabaptist dominion of Münster) was an attempt by radical Anabaptists to establish a communal sectarian government in the city of Münster – then under the large Prince-Bishopric of Münster.<br /> <br /> The city was under Anabaptist rule from February 1534 until its fall after lengthy resistance, when it was taken by the besiegers in June 1535. In January 1536, Ananaptists John of Leiden, Bernhard Knipperdolling and Bernhard Krechting, were tortured and executed in the marketplace of Münster. Their bodies were exhibited in cages which hung from the steeple of St. Lambert's Church. The bones were removed later, but the cages hang there still.<br /> <br /> Anabaptist coins, 1534</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246244 tag:ipernity.com,2026-02-13,doc-53246244 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 16:32:50 +0000 2025-10-01T13:08:38+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246244"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/44/53246244.35109a20.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="197" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> Reliquary from Eslohe<br /> Limoges, 1220</div> Paderborn - Museum in der Kaiserpfalz <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246244"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/44/53246244.35109a20.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="197" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> Reliquary from Eslohe<br /> Limoges, 1220</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246238 tag:ipernity.com,2026-02-13,doc-53246238 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 16:11:33 +0000 2025-10-01T13:01:45+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246238"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/38/53246238.e86b1e77.240.jpg?r2" width="158" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> Altarkreuz aus dem Kloster Liesborn<br /> <br /> Altar cross from Liesborn Monastery / 1130/40</div> Paderborn - Museum in der Kaiserpfalz <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246238"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/38/53246238.e86b1e77.240.jpg?r2" width="158" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> Altarkreuz aus dem Kloster Liesborn<br /> <br /> Altar cross from Liesborn Monastery / 1130/40</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246230 tag:ipernity.com,2026-02-13,doc-53246230 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 15:59:19 +0000 2025-10-31T13:01:20+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246230"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/30/53246230.71214308.240.jpg?r2" width="185" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> Reliquienkreuz des Münsteraner Bischof Erpho<br /> <br /> Reliquary cross of Bishop Erpho of Münster / 1097</div> Paderborn - Museum in der Kaiserpfalz <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246230"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/30/53246230.71214308.240.jpg?r2" width="185" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> Reliquienkreuz des Münsteraner Bischof Erpho<br /> <br /> Reliquary cross of Bishop Erpho of Münster / 1097</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246220 tag:ipernity.com,2026-02-13,doc-53246220 Fri, 13 Feb 2026 15:45:51 +0000 2025-10-01T13:00:48+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246220"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/20/53246220.a4c4f7cd.240.jpg?r2" width="194" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> Triumphal Cross, 12th century</div> Paderborn - Museum in der Kaiserpfalz <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53246220"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/62/20/53246220.a4c4f7cd.240.jpg?r2" width="194" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the violent subjugation of the pagan Saxon tribes Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the springs of the Pader river. In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return.<br /> <br /> In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans. The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. <br /> <br /> The oldest surviving document bearing a city seal dates from 1222. In the same year, the citizens revolted against the bishop's rule. In 1225, King Henry VII significantly curtailed the power of the episcopal count and granted privileges to the citizenry. The city name "Paderborn" was officially established in 1241. In 1247, Emperor Frederick II bestowed the title of "Prince-Bishop" upon Bishop Simon I of Lippe. <br /> <br /> The "Museum in der Kaiserpfalz" (Museum in the Imperial Palace) is located next to the cathedral on the site where, in 1964, the foundations of the 8th-century Paderborn Palace and a later structure from the time of Henry II were discovered.<br /> <br /> The exhibition "775 - Westphalia" was opened in 2025.<br /> <br /> <br /> Triumphal Cross, 12th century</div> Martin M. Miles