Photos, videos and docs of Martin M. Miles, with the keywords: "bronze"

Münster - LWL Museum für Kunst und Kultur

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 19:42:19 +0000

Muenster, the cultural centre of Westphalia, is a city with a population of more than 250.000 of which nearly 50.000 are students at the University of Muenster. This surely helped Muenster to gain the status of the "bicycle capital of Germany".

The "Westphalian State Museum of Art and Cultural History" dates back to the 19th century and owes its existence largely to the contributions of local art associations. The Westphalian Art Association, founded in 1831, played a crucial role in collecting and preserving regional art. The museum has undergone several renovations, including the construction of a new building, which opened in September 2014. The museum displays artworks from the early Middle Ages to the present day. Its collection comprises more than 300,000 exhibits.

Weihrauchgefässe / Censers / 13th c.

Münster - LWL Museum für Kunst und Kultur

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 18:34:09 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Münster - LWL Museum für Kunst und Kultur

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Thu, 26 Feb 2026 18:20:10 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Mainz - Landesmuseum

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Fri, 30 Jan 2026 11:14:15 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Mainz was founded around 20 BC by the Romans under the name “Mogontiacum” as a military camp. Today's capital of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate forms a metropolitan area with Wiesbaden, the neighboring capital of Hesse, with a combined population of around 500,000.

The "Republic of Mainz", a product of the French Revolution, was the first democratic state on German territory. The state was represented in Paris by the well-known naturalist Georg Forster, who had been in the Pacific with Captain Cook as a boy. The Mainz Republic ended after only five months in July 1793 following the conquest of the city by Prussian and Austrian troops. Georg Forster died in Paris in 1794.

The State Museum is one of the oldest museums in Germany. Its origins lie in a collection of 36 paintings that Napoleon gifted to the city of Mainz in 1803 to establish an art gallery.

Today, the museum boasts a thematically diverse collection. The collection of Roman stone monuments alone comprises over 2,000 pieces.

Bronze head
of the native goddess Rosmerta

2nd century AD

Lille - Palais des Beaux-Arts

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 09 Sep 2025 15:44:25 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Lille - Palais des Beaux-Arts

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 09 Sep 2025 14:37:17 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

The museum opened in 1809 in connection with the French Revolution, following the confiscation of works of art from noblemen and church property. A central warehouse for the Lille area was established in a former monastery building. The space was soon too small. When, after a move the space in the new town hall became insufficient, it was decided to build a new building in 1882. This building opened in 1892, but was closed in 1895 due to structural defects and reopened in 1998 with a renewed heating and ventilation system. During the First World War, the museum suffered significant damage. After the capture of Lille by German troops, certain works of art were stolen. In 1917 and 1918, parts of the collection were transported to Brussels. The museum was not reopened to the public until 1924, after extensive renovations. In 1991, the museum had to be closed due to urgent renovation work. In 1997, the museum reopened to the public. It now has 22,000 m² of space, of which 12,000 m² are available for exhibitions.

Censer

Seen is

The "Three Hebrews in the Furnace", the story of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego from the biblical book of Daniel. These three men were thrown into a blazing furnace by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar because they refused to worship a golden image. They survived the fire unharmed, and a fourth man, resembling an angel, appeared. This incident demonstrates God's power to save his faithful servants and leads to the king's recognition of the God of Israel.

Valley of the Meuse

1160/65

Brookland - St Augustine

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 19 Nov 2024 19:45:00 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

St Augustine is unique and is reminiscent of the wooden stave churches of Norway. The bell tower is completely separate from the rest of the church, being made entirely of wood. Originally it was just an open wooden framework to support a single bell. This structure probably dates from 1260, which is when the current church was built.

The church has of course been remodelled and enlarged several times over the years. The most interesting part here is the metal font on the right-hand side, as there are only thirty such fonts in England.

Durham - Cathedral

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 22:08:40 +0000

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Durham has its origins in 995, when monks from Lindisfarne, at that time on the run from the Vikings for over 100 years, chose this place as the final resting place for the mortal remains of St Cuthbert of Lindisfarne and founded a church.

Cuthbert's grave attracted many pilgrims and over time a town developed around the church. In 1006 and 1038, this settlement was unsuccessfully attacked by Scots. The hilltop location of the town proved to be easy to defend.

There was a predecessor building, a former Lindisfarn priory, from Anglo-Saxon times. The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid under the first bishop, William of St Calais, in 1093. With the monastery connected to it and its position on a difficult-to-attack hill in a bend of the River Wear, the complex served as Northumbria's bulwark against the Scots. The present building was substantially completed between 1093 and 1133. It is a significant example of the Romanesque style, and the nave ceiling is the earliest surviving example of a pointed rib vault. The east end was expanded in the Early English Gothic style in the 1230s

The early Gothic west towers were completed in 1220. The west façade was given a large front window.

The Romanesque choir end was demolished and replaced by the Chapel of the Nine Altars in 1242-1280.
During the Reformation in England, initiated by Henry VIII, many of the furnishings were destroyed in the first iconoclasm. In 1539, the king also dissolved the Benedictine monastery in Durham. Around 1560, the medieval wall paintings that covered all the church walls inside were whitewashed and the figuratively designed stained glass windows were destroyed.

The "Cathedral Treasures Exhibit" is an excellent museum
The Sanctuary Ring - 12th century - Bronze

This is the original, the ring at the cathedral´s door is a copy.

St. Cuthbert´s shrine was not only a place of pilgimage but also a refuguge for thorse seeking "sanctuary". Fugitives who touched this ring at the cathedral´s door were given 37 days of protection from the law before to face trial or go into exile. This right of sanctuary continued here to 1624.

Salamanca - Catedral Vieja

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Wed, 04 Oct 2023 14:17:26 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Salamanca is a "real city" with a population of more than 140.000 inhabitants.

Under Roman and Visigothic rule called “Helmantica,” the city developed into an important trading center. In the 8th century, Salamanca was taken by the Moors, but in 939 it became Christian again as a result of the Battle of Simancas. Salamanca became a border town to the Islamic south of the Iberian Peninsula and was subsequently exposed to constant attacks, which resulted in depopulation and only after the conquest of Toledo by Alfonso VI. León's rule ended in 1085. In 1102 the period of repopulation began. The Christian new settlers rose against Castile-León in 1162 and called on Portugal for help in 1163, which occupied Salamanca for two years.

Salamanca experienced its heyday in the 16th century. In 1524, the construction of the church and monastery of San Esteban began and at the same time, the new cathedral was built.
The old cathedral, together with the adjacent larger new cathedral, is the episcopal church. The construction of the Romanesque-early Gothic basilica began around 1150. The work continued well into the 13th century. The cathedral school was founded in 1174, from which the University of Salamanca emerged in 1218.

The church is a cruciform basilica. The nave is 52 m long and 16.70 m high. All three naves close with semicircular apses. The left transept arm was cut off during the construction of the new cathedral.

The Virgen de la Vega is the patron saint of the city and is dated to the end of the 12th century. The face of the Virgin and the head of the child as well as the hands of both are made of cast, ungilded bronze. The mother's eyes are jet black and the child's face has blue glass eyes.

Hannoversch Münden - St. Blasius

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Thu, 03 Aug 2023 21:31:53 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Hann. Münden (short for Hannoversch Münden) lies at the confluence of the Fulda and Werra rivers, which join to form the Weser. The founding of the city is not exactly documented. The first mention in a document from 1183 speaks of a city. Around the year 1200 the construction of the city fortifications of Münden began as a city wall with city gates and wall towers.

The shoal of the Werrahohl on the outskirts of the city, which forced the boatmen to unload their goods in the city, was advantageous for Münden. In the 16th century, Münden was an important trading town. Accordingly, trading, transhipment and mooring places along the Werra and Fulda shipping routes developed on the western and northern outskirts of the old town. Above all, woad, glass, textiles and rafts with wood and grain were traded and transported. Herring and other fish came up the Weser from the North Sea. At the beginning of the 14th century there were about 500 houses in the village.

In 1525 Elisabeth von Brandenburg was granted Münden as a dominion. Elisabeth came into contact with the ideas of the Reformation early on and brought the reformer Antonius Corvinus to Münden.

In 1776 almost 20,000 Hessian soldiers were embarked in Münden, who had been hired out by the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Friedrich II to the Hanoverian Elector and King of Great Britain, George III. They were "used" in combat against American troops in the American Revolutionary War. The return of the soldiers also took place via Münden in November 1783, but hardly more than half returned.

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Three predecessor churches existed, where St. Blasiu is now. Around 1000 there was a chapel, it was extended to the west around 1150 with a Romanesque building. From 1180 to 1190 an extension to the Romanesque basilica with round apses in the side aisles was made, which later burned down.

Today's building was erected in three phases on the foundations of the Romanesque church. From 1260 to 1280 the first bay and the chancel were built. According to an inscription to the left of the south portal, the second phase of construction was completed from 1487 to 1519 with the addition of a sacristy and the substructure of the tower. The ship was also completed at this time.The year 1488 is preserved above the rise of the tower. The tower was completed in the third construction phase from 1535 to 1584. It is octagonal, 58 meters high. From 1584 to 1929 watchmen watched over the city from here.

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The bronze baptismal font is the oldest piece of art in this church. It was cast in 1392 by Nikolaus Stettin.

Hannoversch Münden - St. Blasius

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Thu, 03 Aug 2023 21:20:51 +0000

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Halle - Marktkirche Unserer Lieben Frau

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Sat, 24 Jun 2023 22:03:03 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

In the "Chronicon Moissiacense" 806 the place Halle is mentioned for the first time as "Halla". In 968, Otto I founded the Archdiocese of Magdeburg, to which Halle belonged until 1680. Around 1120 the city was extensively expanded. This was possible due to the increasing salt trade and the wealth associated with it. Initially, this was managed by archbishops. From the end of the 12th century the Guild of the Panners (salt makers) was formed. This gave rise to a self-confident bourgeoisie, which concluded a contract with Archbishop Rupert of Magdeburg in 1263, according to which the archbishop was not permitted to build any castles within a mile radius. The Panners determined the politics of the city for centuries. Halle was first mentioned in a document in 1281 as a member of the Hanseatic League, and in 1310 the city's self-government was contractually recorded. In 1341 the construction of a strong tower between the scales and the town hall began, which was used until 1835 to securely accommodate the city's privileges.

In 1478 ended the approximately 200-year city independence. In 1484, Archbishop Ernst II (1464–1513) had Moritzburg Castle built as a fortified residential palace in the north-west corner of the city and ceremoniously moved into it in 1503. It was actually supposed to be a stronghold against Halle's self-confident citizens, the salt workers. Until 1680, Halle was the capital and residence of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg.
The market church was built between 1529 and 1554 on the site of two previous churches St. Gertrud and St. Maria. The church of St. Gertrud in the west dates from the 11th century and was the church of the salt makers, the Marienkirche in the east dates from the 12th century and was the parish church of merchants and craftsmen. Only the four towers of these churches survived. In between, the new church was erected and in 1537 (still unfinished) consecrated. Justus Jonas, who officially introduced the Reformation in Halle in 1541, preached from this pulpit. Luther himself preached three times in the Marktkirche in 1545 and 1546.

The church was badly damaged in the air raid in March 1945. Part of the vault collapsed. Artillery shelling in 1945 broke out the tracery window on the west front. The restoration work lasted until 1948. A necessary general renovation took place after 1967 when the interior and the furnishings were severely damaged by a burst district heating pipe. It was decided to restore the appearance of the 16th century as much as possible.

The bronze baptismal font probably comes from one of the predecessor churches. According to the inscription, it was cast by Ludolf von Braunschweig and his son Heinrich in Magdeburg in 1430. Georg Friedrich Handel was baptized here.

Halberstadt - St. Martini

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Fri, 23 Jun 2023 16:04:42 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Through Charlemagne, the mission base here became a bishop's see in 804. The Bishop was granted market, minting and customs rights by King Otto III in 989. He held the secular power in the Harzgau and thus over the inhabitants of Halberstadt. The first cathedral was consecrated in 992.

By 1068, there was already an emerging merchant class, under which the city began to emancipate itself from control by the bishop's see around about 1105. In 1146, possibly the first Jews arrived in Halberstadt coming from Halle. In 1189 Jews persecuted during the Third Crusade reached the city. In 1261, the first episcopal letter of protection is documented for them.

Henry the Lion destroyed the city, cathedral and cathedral castle in 1179 in the course of a feud by setting a major fire. In 1199 the construction of the city wall is mentioned for the first time, which lasted until 1236. Between 1236 and 1239, the construction of the new cathedral began. In 1241, a town hall for the city is mentioned for the first time; moreover, the city already had its own seal at this time. In 1343 the Jews were attacked by the Counts of Mansfeld and Regenstein and fled, a decade later the new so-called "Judendorf" became the first closed Jewish settlement in the city.
St. Martini was probably founded in the 10th century. It was first mentioned in 1186. The building is a five-bay Gothic hall church. The octagonal spires of different heights are connected by a covered bridge. The choir is associated with indulgences in the years 1267, 1274 and 1285. The west building was probably started before 1311, the date when the church was placed under the Johannisstift.

The city of Halberstadt was 82 percent destroyed by bombing at the end of WWII. The degree of destruction of the Martini Church was also estimated at 80%.

From 1945 to 1954 St. Martini was restored. The main focus was on the restoration of the towers and the roof, which characterize the cityscape.

The bronze baptismal font is a work from the end of the 13th century. It is carried by four men, symbolizing the rivers of paradise. There are nine flat reliefs depicting the childhood and youth of Christ. The coloring was renewed in the 19th century.

The "Slaughter of the Innocents". The souls of the innocent kids are in Abraham's bosom.

Halberstadt - St. Martini

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Fri, 23 Jun 2023 15:49:43 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Through Charlemagne, the mission base here became a bishop's see in 804. The Bishop was granted market, minting and customs rights by King Otto III in 989. He held the secular power in the Harzgau and thus over the inhabitants of Halberstadt. The first cathedral was consecrated in 992.

By 1068, there was already an emerging merchant class, under which the city began to emancipate itself from control by the bishop's see around about 1105. In 1146, possibly the first Jews arrived in Halberstadt coming from Halle. In 1189 Jews persecuted during the Third Crusade reached the city. In 1261, the first episcopal letter of protection is documented for them.

Henry the Lion destroyed the city, cathedral and cathedral castle in 1179 in the course of a feud by setting a major fire. In 1199 the construction of the city wall is mentioned for the first time, which lasted until 1236. Between 1236 and 1239, the construction of the new cathedral began. In 1241, a town hall for the city is mentioned for the first time; moreover, the city already had its own seal at this time. In 1343 the Jews were attacked by the Counts of Mansfeld and Regenstein and fled, a decade later the new so-called "Judendorf" became the first closed Jewish settlement in the city.
St. Martini was probably founded in the 10th century. It was first mentioned in 1186. The building is a five-bay Gothic hall church. The octagonal spires of different heights are connected by a covered bridge. The choir is associated with indulgences in the years 1267, 1274 and 1285. The west building was probably started before 1311, the date when the church was placed under the Johannisstift.

The city of Halberstadt was 82 percent destroyed by bombing at the end of WWII. The degree of destruction of the Martini Church was also estimated at 80%.

From 1945 to 1954 St. Martini was restored. The main focus was on the restoration of the towers and the roof, which characterize the cityscape.

The bronze baptismal font is a work from the end of the 13th century. It is carried by four men, symbolizing the rivers of paradise. There are nine flat reliefs depicting the childhood and youth of Christ. The coloring was renewed in the 19th century.

The Adoration of the Magi

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More medieval bronze

www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1275098

Halberstadt - St. Martini

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Fri, 23 Jun 2023 11:03:55 +0000

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Stendal - St. Marien

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Sat, 10 Jun 2023 09:46:56 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

The fortified town of Stendal was founded by the first Brandenburg Margrave Albert the Bear and granted Magdeburg rights about 1160. A deed issued by Emperor Heinrich II in 1022, in which the village appears among the possessions of the Michaeliskloster in Hildesheim, is a 12th-century forgery.

Stendal quickly prospered as a center of commerce and trade. The parish of St. Jacobi was founded in the 12th century. The construction of a Franciscan monastery began in 1230. In the 13th century, the Stendal Seafarers' Guild was formed, which traded its own ships in the Baltic and North Sea areas. The oldest documented mention of the church of St. Marien dates back to 1283. Stendal received city walls around 1300 and in 1338 a Latin school was built. The local merchants joined the Hanseatic League in 1358 and purchased the privilege of minting from the Brandenburg margraves in 1369.

Just like in neighboring Tangermünde, the citizens of Stendal rebelled against the beer tax in 1488.
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In the 12th century, a Romanesque basilica was built on the site of today's Marienkirche. In the late 14th century, the westwork was extended with the double-tower facade. In 1420 the construction of the Marienkirche began as a late Gothic hall church. Until 1447 the church was vaulted. The church was consecrated in 1447. In the 16th century, the towers were completed. In 1580 an astronomical clock was installed. The Marienkirche was the main parish church of the Hanseatic merchant community and is neighboring the town hall.

The baptismal font is made of bronze. It was cast in a Lübeck workshop and set up in 1474 in the nave of the church. The diameter of the baptismal font is 121 cm, the total height is 124 cm.

Tangermünde - St. Stephan

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Sun, 04 Jun 2023 22:09:56 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Tangermünde Castle was first mentioned in 1009 as "civitate Tongeremuthi" because this is where the Tanger (Tongera) flows into the Elbe. The city was first mentioned in 1275.

From 1373 to 1378 Tangermünde was the second seat of Emperor Charles IV, who appointed his 12-year-old son Wenzel Elector of Brandenburg in 1373. After the death of Emperor Charles IV, there was a turbulent development in the Mark, until the Hohenzollerns were enfeoffed with the Mark as electors in 1415 and initially resided in Tangermünde.

The heyday of the Hanseatic city was the 15th century, when the city gates and the town hall were built in the North German brick Gothic style. At this time, St. Stephen's Church was expanded into a Gothic hall church. The city lost the Elector's favor after the uprising of 1488, when the citizens rebelled against the beer tax.

In 1617 the city burned down almost completely. After the fire, many magnificent half-timbered houses were built. Due to the Thirty Years' War, however, the city became a rather insignificant country town.
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The predecessor of St. Stephan was a Romanesque basilica. It was in existence by 1188. Parts of this original building were reused in the construction of the present church. The transept of the former building gave the width of the new nave. Emperor Charles IV, who lived in Tangermünde between 1373 and 1378, founded a house of Augustinian Canons, to which he gave the church as a source of income. The canons conducted the services.

During the late Middle Ages the construction took place in several phases of today's triple-aisled Gothic hall church. Firstly, after 1350, the northern wall of the nave and the southern wall were built, and in about 1405, the roof and the rib vaults. The prominent octagonal pillars are unusual. The south tower remains uncompleted to this day. In 1450 work began on the construction of the new choir, followed by the outside walls of the new ambulatory and also the arms of the transept. Only then was the old choir removed. The choir was roofed in 1475. The city-wide fire from 1617 damaged the church and the top part of the north tower collapsed. It was not restored until after 1714, when the tower received its present Baroque roof.

The bronze baptismal font was cast in 1508. The casting convinces less by its figural decoration than by its chalice shape, whose surface appears to be turned. The figures are not co-cast, but riveted on.

Havelberg - Dom Sankt Marien

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Mon, 29 May 2023 21:26:03 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

With a victory in the Battle of Lenzen in 929, the Saxens made a significant advance into the dominion of the Slavic tribes. Shortly thereafter, the area around Havelberg was conquered and a castle complex was built on the ridge. Otto I continued the conquest of eastern Elbe areas and founded the bishopric of Havelberg as a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg. The settlement of a bishopric in Havelberg suggests that the place represented a regional center as early as the 10th century and possibly before. As early as 983, a rebellion broke out among Slavic groups, during which the bishopric of Havelberg was conquered. It was not until 1130 that King Lothar III succeeded. to recapture the place. The city was built in the middle of the 12th century, spatially separate from the cathedral district, on a promontory in a bend in the Havel River, that was made to an island for strategic reasons.

The first construction work on the church must have taken place in the middle of the 10th century. A chronicler reports that the church was destroyed during the uprising in 983. Around 1150, under the influence of the local Bishop, a cathedral was built. The basilica was consecrated in 1170. The church was about 70 meters long and 20 meters wide. The Romanesque building consisted of two tower-like crossbars with a three-aisled nave in between. A large triumphal arch visually separated the chancel from the nave. The chancel itself was rectangular and ended in a semi-circular apse. The westwork, appearing defensively closed from the outside, had five round-arched portals to the naves on the inside. A fire in 1279 destroyed significant parts of the cathedral. Using the existing Romanesque components, the basilica was rebuilt in a Gothic style with bricks. The entire conversion was probably not completed until 1330 when the high altar was consecrated.

After the Reformation, the cathedral chapter converted to Protestantism in 1561. The bishopric of Havelberg itself was dissolved in 1598 by Elector Joachim Friedrich of Brandenburg.
Adjacent to the cathedral is the 12th-century convent building of the Premonstratensian canons. Today the buildings host the "Prignitz Museum".

This bronze cross is dated to the 12th century and was probably cast in the Northern Harz Mountains. Such crosses were used by missionaries. This was found in a field.

Braunschweig - Dom

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Sun, 21 May 2023 22:26:12 +0000

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Not much is known about the foundation of Braunschweig. Tradition tells, Brunswick (= Braunschweig) was created through the merger of two settlements on either side of the River Oker around 860.

The city was first mentioned in documents from the St. Magni Church in 1031. Up to the 12th century, Brunswick was ruled by the Saxon noble family, then, through marriage, it fell to the House of Welf. In 1142, Henry the Lion of the House of Welf became Duke of Saxony and made Braunschweig the capital of his state. He turned Dankwarderode Castle into his own Pfalz and developed the city further to represent his authority. Under Henry's rule, the Cathedral of St. Blasius was built and he also had the statue of a lion, his heraldic animal, erected in front of the castle.

Henry the Lion became so powerful that he dared to refuse military aid to Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, which led to his banishment in 1182. Henry went into exile in England. He had previously established ties to the English crown in 1168, through his marriage to King Henry II of England's daughter Matilda, sister of Richard the Lionheart. However, his son Otto, who could regain influence and was eventually crowned Holy Roman Emperor, continued to foster the city's development.

Brunswick was an important center of trade, an economic and a political centers and a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th century on. By the year 1600. Brunswick was the seventh largest city in Germany. It was de facto ruled independently by a powerful class of patricians and the guilds throughout much of the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period. Because of the growing power of Brunswick's burghers, the Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel finally moved their Residenz out of the city and to the nearby town of Wolfenbüttel in 1432. The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel did not regain control over the city until the late 17th century, when Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, took the city by siege.

St. Blasii Cathedral was built in 1173 as a collegiate church by order of Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, opposite his Dankwarderode Castle and designated by him as the burial place of him and his second wife Matilda of England. The cathedral was consecrated in 1226.

The construction of the church was disrupted several times during the various exiles of Henry the Lion, so that he and his consort were both buried in an unfinished church.

In 1543, at the time of the Protestant Reformation, the church came into Lutheran use. Its college was dissolved.

The cathedral is the burial place of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1175 - 1218) and Caroline of Brunswick, Queen Consort of George IV of the United Kingdom.

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The bronze seven-armed candelabrum from the 12th century consists of 74 individual parts, has a height of 4.80 m, a span of 4.30 m, and weighs over 400 kg.

The time of origin has not been handed down in writing. It is regarded as a foundation of Henry the Lion. Based on material analyses, it is probable that the candlestick was made in a bronze foundry workshop in the Braunschweig area. It was first mentioned in a document in 1196 when Ludolf von Volkmarode undertook to take care of the wax candles for this candelabrum.

Payerne - Notre Dame

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Sun, 14 May 2023 20:05:41 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Payerne Priory (= Peterlingen), a former Cluniac monastery, was founded around 962 by Empress Adelheid as the burial place of her mother Queen Berta of Burgundy. It was annexed to the reform abbey of Cluny in 962 as one of the first daughter monasteries. It was richly endowed by the kings of Burgundy and the German emperors and had extensive landholdings In 1033, Conrad II was crowned King of Burgundy in Peterlingen.

The priory was first directly managed by the abbots from Cluny, but starting in 1050 the local prior led the monastery with increasing independence. Saint Ulrich of Zell, was prior here in the later 11th century. He later founded two Cluniac monasteries in the Black Forest.

In 1444, the antipope Felix V raised the priory to an abbey. This elevation brought no benefits to the monastery. The Reformation and the weakening of Savoy's power led to the dissolution of the monastery. After the Bernese conquest of Vaud, some of the buildings were demolished.

The former abbey church of Notre Dame is an example of Cluniac architecture and an important Romanesque church building. The current construction was started in the 11th century by Abbot Odilo of Cluny on the site of the previous 10th-century church. Parts of the previous building, including the archaic capitals, were included in the new church.After the Reformation, the church was profaned and served in the 17th century as a bell foundry, in the 18th century as a granary, and later also as a prison and barracks. Since 1926 a careful restoration was carried out.

Doorknockers