https://www.ipernity.com/tag/323415/keyword/10673 https://cdn.ipernity.com/p/105/57/EF/323415.buddy.jpg https://www.ipernity.com/tag/323415/keyword/10673 Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:41:02 +0000 Mon, 08 Jun 2026 10:41:02 +0000 https://www.ipernity.com https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53285438 tag:ipernity.com,2026-03-30,doc-53285438 Mon, 30 Mar 2026 17:37:25 +0000 2025-12-01T14:37:02+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53285438"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/38/53285438.0081605b.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="183" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">With an urban population of 55,000 Paphos is the fourth-largest city in the country.<br /> <br /> According to Pausanias, Agapenor of Tegea, on his way home from Troy, built a temple to Aphrodite in Paphos. Archaeological evidence traces Paphos' prehistory back to the late Bronze Age. A settlement must have existed there since the 15th century BC. Rich grave goods now attest to the city's prosperity. Paphos was spared the destruction that occurred towards the end of the Bronze Age.<br /> <br /> The settlement of Nea Paphos was founded at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd century BC. During the Hellenistic period, it was part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, later, it was ruled by the Romans. From around 200 BC to 350 AD, it served as the capital of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> After Ptolemy's conquest of Cyprus, the kings of Paphos retained only the office of High Priest of Aphrodite. Later the sanctuary of Aphrodite was under the patronage of the Roman emperors. Despite severe damage from earthquakes, the temple survived until the 4th century AD.<br /> <br /> In the mid-7th century, the city was plundered by the Arabs. During the Byzantine period, the city fell into decline.<br /> <br /> The city has been excavated under the direction of Polish archaeologists since the 1960s. Among the most significant remains discovered are four large and elaborate Roman villas:<br /> the House of Dionysos, the House of Aion, the House of Theseus and the House of Orpheus, all with well preserved mosaic floors.<br /> <br /> <br /> The "House of Dionysos" was built in the late 2nd century CE. Although only the lower walls of the house survive today, the villa is famous for its well-preserved mosaic floors. In total, the villa contains about 185 m² of mosaics, demonstrating the wealth and cultural sophistication of the villa’s owner.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Details</div> Paphos - Archaeological Park <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53285438"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/38/53285438.0081605b.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="183" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">With an urban population of 55,000 Paphos is the fourth-largest city in the country.<br /> <br /> According to Pausanias, Agapenor of Tegea, on his way home from Troy, built a temple to Aphrodite in Paphos. Archaeological evidence traces Paphos' prehistory back to the late Bronze Age. A settlement must have existed there since the 15th century BC. Rich grave goods now attest to the city's prosperity. Paphos was spared the destruction that occurred towards the end of the Bronze Age.<br /> <br /> The settlement of Nea Paphos was founded at the turn of the 4th to the 3rd century BC. During the Hellenistic period, it was part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, later, it was ruled by the Romans. From around 200 BC to 350 AD, it served as the capital of Cyprus.<br /> <br /> After Ptolemy's conquest of Cyprus, the kings of Paphos retained only the office of High Priest of Aphrodite. Later the sanctuary of Aphrodite was under the patronage of the Roman emperors. Despite severe damage from earthquakes, the temple survived until the 4th century AD.<br /> <br /> In the mid-7th century, the city was plundered by the Arabs. During the Byzantine period, the city fell into decline.<br /> <br /> The city has been excavated under the direction of Polish archaeologists since the 1960s. Among the most significant remains discovered are four large and elaborate Roman villas:<br /> the House of Dionysos, the House of Aion, the House of Theseus and the House of Orpheus, all with well preserved mosaic floors.<br /> <br /> <br /> The "House of Dionysos" was built in the late 2nd century CE. Although only the lower walls of the house survive today, the villa is famous for its well-preserved mosaic floors. In total, the villa contains about 185 m² of mosaics, demonstrating the wealth and cultural sophistication of the villa’s owner.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Details</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53173894 tag:ipernity.com,2025-12-13,doc-53173894 Sat, 13 Dec 2025 23:30:21 +0000 2025-12-14T00:30:21+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53173894"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/38/94/53173894.8f4dd797.240.jpg?r2" width="167" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The monastery adopted the Benedictine rule in 817 and found support from Louis the Pious. In the following two centuries three churches were erected here. All collapsed due to the unstable ground. The current, former abbey church was built from 1074 on.<br /> <br /> The monastery (and the relics of Saint Chaffre) were just a day´s walk from Le Puy, where the Via Podiensis started and many pilgrims gathered. It may well be, that the wealthiness of the abbey, was related to the pilgrim-business.<br /> <br /> It has a polychrome facade with a unique frieze under the roof, but the interior is remarkable as well. The nave is Romanesque, but got altered a couple of times, the Gothic choir was done end of the 15th century, replacing an olderone. Along the nave are still Romanesque capitals. <br /> <br /> <br /> Stories are told under the roof</div> Le Monastier-sur-Gazeille – Saint Chaffre <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53173894"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/38/94/53173894.8f4dd797.240.jpg?r2" width="167" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The monastery adopted the Benedictine rule in 817 and found support from Louis the Pious. In the following two centuries three churches were erected here. All collapsed due to the unstable ground. The current, former abbey church was built from 1074 on.<br /> <br /> The monastery (and the relics of Saint Chaffre) were just a day´s walk from Le Puy, where the Via Podiensis started and many pilgrims gathered. It may well be, that the wealthiness of the abbey, was related to the pilgrim-business.<br /> <br /> It has a polychrome facade with a unique frieze under the roof, but the interior is remarkable as well. The nave is Romanesque, but got altered a couple of times, the Gothic choir was done end of the 15th century, replacing an olderone. Along the nave are still Romanesque capitals. <br /> <br /> <br /> Stories are told under the roof</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52833440 tag:ipernity.com,2025-04-01,doc-52833440 Tue, 01 Apr 2025 21:30:36 +0000 2024-12-01T11:58:27+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52833440"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/34/40/52833440.cd9fdc02.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="183" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Crete is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, is located about 100 km south of the Peloponnese. Crete was the center of Europe's first advanced civilization, the Minoans, from 3000 to 1400 BC. The Minoan civilization was overrun by the Mycenaean civilization from mainland Greece. Crete was later ruled by Rome, then successively by the Byzantine Empire, Andalusian Arabs, the Byzantine Empire again, the Venetian Republic, and the Ottoman Empire. In 1898 Crete, whose people had for some time wanted to join the Greek state, achieved independence from the Ottomans, formally becoming the Cretan State. Crete became part of Greece in December 1913.<br /> <br /> Heraklion is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete. With a municipal population of about 180.000 it is the fourth largest city in Greece. The greater area of Heraklion has been continuously inhabited since at least 7000 BCE, making it one of the oldest inhabited regions in Europe. As a major center of the Minoan civilization it often considered Europe's oldest city.<br /> <br /> The Heraklion Archaeological Museum is one of the largest museums in Greeceand the best in the world for Minoan art, as it contains by far the most important and complete collection of artefacts of the Minoan civilization of Crete.<br /> <br /> The museum began in 1883 as a simple collection of antiquities; it was about the time when the Minoan civilization was beginning to be rediscovered, and shortly before the first excavations using proper scientific methods. It was also during the period when Crete was a virtually autonomous part of the Ottoman Empire, after the Pact of Halepa of 1878, later followed by the independent Cretan State (1898-1913). The political situation helped to keep Cretan finds on the island during a crucial period of discoveries.<br /> <br /> The museum is located in the town centre. It was built between 1937 and 1940 on a site previously occupied by the Roman Catholic monastery of Saint-Francis which was destroyed by earthquake in 1856.<br /> <br /> <br /> Round jewellery box with lid from Mochlos and Zakros.<br /> 2600 - 2300 BC<br /> <br /> The almost identical lids, decorated with a dog in relief, possibly come from the same workshop</div> Heraklion - Archaeological Museum <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52833440"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/34/40/52833440.cd9fdc02.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="183" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Crete is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, is located about 100 km south of the Peloponnese. Crete was the center of Europe's first advanced civilization, the Minoans, from 3000 to 1400 BC. The Minoan civilization was overrun by the Mycenaean civilization from mainland Greece. Crete was later ruled by Rome, then successively by the Byzantine Empire, Andalusian Arabs, the Byzantine Empire again, the Venetian Republic, and the Ottoman Empire. In 1898 Crete, whose people had for some time wanted to join the Greek state, achieved independence from the Ottomans, formally becoming the Cretan State. Crete became part of Greece in December 1913.<br /> <br /> Heraklion is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete. With a municipal population of about 180.000 it is the fourth largest city in Greece. The greater area of Heraklion has been continuously inhabited since at least 7000 BCE, making it one of the oldest inhabited regions in Europe. As a major center of the Minoan civilization it often considered Europe's oldest city.<br /> <br /> The Heraklion Archaeological Museum is one of the largest museums in Greeceand the best in the world for Minoan art, as it contains by far the most important and complete collection of artefacts of the Minoan civilization of Crete.<br /> <br /> The museum began in 1883 as a simple collection of antiquities; it was about the time when the Minoan civilization was beginning to be rediscovered, and shortly before the first excavations using proper scientific methods. It was also during the period when Crete was a virtually autonomous part of the Ottoman Empire, after the Pact of Halepa of 1878, later followed by the independent Cretan State (1898-1913). The political situation helped to keep Cretan finds on the island during a crucial period of discoveries.<br /> <br /> The museum is located in the town centre. It was built between 1937 and 1940 on a site previously occupied by the Roman Catholic monastery of Saint-Francis which was destroyed by earthquake in 1856.<br /> <br /> <br /> Round jewellery box with lid from Mochlos and Zakros.<br /> 2600 - 2300 BC<br /> <br /> The almost identical lids, decorated with a dog in relief, possibly come from the same workshop</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52738344 tag:ipernity.com,2025-01-02,doc-52738344 Thu, 02 Jan 2025 17:13:13 +0000 2024-08-01T18:13:13+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52738344"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/83/44/52738344.656de047.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="86" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The town became prominent in the 12th century, with the establishment of important Paisley Abbey.<br /> <br /> The Bargarran witches were tried in Paisley in 1697. Seven were convicted and five were hanged and then burnt. This was the last mass execution for witchcraft in western Europe.<br /> <br /> Paisley expanded significantly during the Industrial Revolution as a result of its location with access to the Clyde and nearby ore, mineral and agricultural resources. Factories and mills developed leading to an increase in the town's population.<br /> <br /> By the late 19th century, Paisley was a global centre of the weaving industry, giving its name to the Paisley shawl and the Paisley pattern. Despite being of a Kashmiri design, the teardrop-like pattern soon became known by Paisley's name across the western world.<br /> <br /> There had been a Celtic church on the site of the monastery since the 6th century, dating back to St Mirin. After his death a shrine to the Saint was established, becoming a popular site of pilgrimage and veneration.<br /> <br /> In 1163, Walter FitzAlan invited 13 Cluniac monks from Much Wenlock Priory in Shropshire to found a monastery on this site. From 1219, the establishment was run as an abbey and became In 1307, Edward I of England had the abbey burned down. It was rebuilt later in the 14th century.<br /> <br /> Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland married Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert I, in 1315, who died the following year in a riding accident near the abbey. However, her unborn child was saved and later crowned King of Scotland as Robert II. As he founded the ruling dynasty of the House of Stuart, the abbey is also regarded as their birthplace. A total of six High Stewards of Scotland are buried in Paisley Abbey.<br /> <br /> After the collapse of the bell tower in 1533 destroyed the aisles and transept of the church, they were not rebuilt. The abbey was dissolved in 1560 as part of the Scottish Reformation. The remaining parts of the church were then used as a parish church.<br /> <br /> In 1789, the church was repaired. In 1859, the first of a series of extensive restoration works began, returning the church to its original state over time.<br /> <br /> The choir stalls in Paisley Abbey were made and carved in the 1920s - and are populated with animals.</div> Paisley – Abbey <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52738344"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/83/44/52738344.656de047.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="86" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The town became prominent in the 12th century, with the establishment of important Paisley Abbey.<br /> <br /> The Bargarran witches were tried in Paisley in 1697. Seven were convicted and five were hanged and then burnt. This was the last mass execution for witchcraft in western Europe.<br /> <br /> Paisley expanded significantly during the Industrial Revolution as a result of its location with access to the Clyde and nearby ore, mineral and agricultural resources. Factories and mills developed leading to an increase in the town's population.<br /> <br /> By the late 19th century, Paisley was a global centre of the weaving industry, giving its name to the Paisley shawl and the Paisley pattern. Despite being of a Kashmiri design, the teardrop-like pattern soon became known by Paisley's name across the western world.<br /> <br /> There had been a Celtic church on the site of the monastery since the 6th century, dating back to St Mirin. After his death a shrine to the Saint was established, becoming a popular site of pilgrimage and veneration.<br /> <br /> In 1163, Walter FitzAlan invited 13 Cluniac monks from Much Wenlock Priory in Shropshire to found a monastery on this site. From 1219, the establishment was run as an abbey and became In 1307, Edward I of England had the abbey burned down. It was rebuilt later in the 14th century.<br /> <br /> Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland married Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert I, in 1315, who died the following year in a riding accident near the abbey. However, her unborn child was saved and later crowned King of Scotland as Robert II. As he founded the ruling dynasty of the House of Stuart, the abbey is also regarded as their birthplace. A total of six High Stewards of Scotland are buried in Paisley Abbey.<br /> <br /> After the collapse of the bell tower in 1533 destroyed the aisles and transept of the church, they were not rebuilt. The abbey was dissolved in 1560 as part of the Scottish Reformation. The remaining parts of the church were then used as a parish church.<br /> <br /> In 1789, the church was repaired. In 1859, the first of a series of extensive restoration works began, returning the church to its original state over time.<br /> <br /> The choir stalls in Paisley Abbey were made and carved in the 1920s - and are populated with animals.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52711320 tag:ipernity.com,2024-12-02,doc-52711320 Mon, 02 Dec 2024 14:47:24 +0000 2024-07-01T15:30:28+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52711320"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/13/20/52711320.c123e094.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">All medieval knights had to overcome a difficult hurdle. How, after a lifetime of bloody slaughters and brutal rapes should they escape the fires of hell? One of the first knights who found the highway to heaven was Charlemagne´s kinsman William of Gellone, who founded the monastery of Gellone, became a monk and was canonized a saint in 1066.<br /> <br /> Ewenny Priory was founded by the Norman knight Maurice de Londres in 1141 . Maurice granted the church to the abbey of St. Peter at Gloucester together with the church of St Brides Major and the chapel at Ogmore "in order that a convent of monks might be formed".<br /> <br /> There had been an older, monastic cell. It is described in the 12th century Book of Llandaff as dedicated to Eguenni, an early Welsh saint. De Londres plundered the site with the intent of building a castle on it but was stopped by a decree from Pope Honorius II in 1128 which threatened the knight with excommunication. The new priory was unusual in having extensive military-style defences.<br /> <br /> The priory was badly damaged during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr in the early 15th century. When King Henry VIII introduced the Reformation, only the prior and two monks remained here. It was dissolved in 1540. In 1545 the priory was sold. Parts of the convent buildings were converted into a manor house, while other parts were demolished. The eastern part of the church remained unused and fell into disrepair after the dissolution of the priory. The nave, however, was used as a parish church.<br /> <br /> Probably a part of the former stalls</div> Ewenny Priory <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52711320"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/13/20/52711320.c123e094.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">All medieval knights had to overcome a difficult hurdle. How, after a lifetime of bloody slaughters and brutal rapes should they escape the fires of hell? One of the first knights who found the highway to heaven was Charlemagne´s kinsman William of Gellone, who founded the monastery of Gellone, became a monk and was canonized a saint in 1066.<br /> <br /> Ewenny Priory was founded by the Norman knight Maurice de Londres in 1141 . Maurice granted the church to the abbey of St. Peter at Gloucester together with the church of St Brides Major and the chapel at Ogmore "in order that a convent of monks might be formed".<br /> <br /> There had been an older, monastic cell. It is described in the 12th century Book of Llandaff as dedicated to Eguenni, an early Welsh saint. De Londres plundered the site with the intent of building a castle on it but was stopped by a decree from Pope Honorius II in 1128 which threatened the knight with excommunication. The new priory was unusual in having extensive military-style defences.<br /> <br /> The priory was badly damaged during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr in the early 15th century. When King Henry VIII introduced the Reformation, only the prior and two monks remained here. It was dissolved in 1540. In 1545 the priory was sold. Parts of the convent buildings were converted into a manor house, while other parts were demolished. The eastern part of the church remained unused and fell into disrepair after the dissolution of the priory. The nave, however, was used as a parish church.<br /> <br /> Probably a part of the former stalls</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52692960 tag:ipernity.com,2024-11-13,doc-52692960 Wed, 13 Nov 2024 22:00:47 +0000 2024-07-01T15:31:20+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52692960"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/29/60/52692960.82f34cc5.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="142" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Barfrestone is a small village known since the time of the Domesday Book, when the manor was owned by Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux. In 1076, the lands were then granted to Hugh de Port, whose descendents may be connected to the erection of this church end of the 12th century, that was a site on the pilgrim route between Dover and Canterbury. This small church is a masterpiece of Norman art and architecture.<br /> <br /> The carvings here of the highest order, most probably the work of master carvers and masons, based in nearby Canterbury.</div> Barfrestone - St. Nicholas <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52692960"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/29/60/52692960.82f34cc5.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="142" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Barfrestone is a small village known since the time of the Domesday Book, when the manor was owned by Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux. In 1076, the lands were then granted to Hugh de Port, whose descendents may be connected to the erection of this church end of the 12th century, that was a site on the pilgrim route between Dover and Canterbury. This small church is a masterpiece of Norman art and architecture.<br /> <br /> The carvings here of the highest order, most probably the work of master carvers and masons, based in nearby Canterbury.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52658900 tag:ipernity.com,2024-10-10,doc-52658900 Thu, 10 Oct 2024 10:23:53 +0000 2024-03-01T12:45:55+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52658900"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/89/00/52658900.3f0e8b30.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="168" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Parts of the preserved city wall of Llanes date back to 1206, the year in which the city was granted city rights by King Alfonso IX. Llanes is a traditional fishing port, with an active harbour. Meanwhile Llanes economy is boosted by tourists as there are a lot of large and small beaches nearby.<br /> <br /> During the Civil War, there was an airfield south-east of Llanes from where the German Condor Legion flew attacks. The aeroplanes that bombed Guernica took off from here.<br /> <br /> The construction of Santa Maria del Conceyu started in 1240 and continuing until the 14th - 15th century, so there are Romanesque and Gothic elements. The church is structured in a basilica plan with three naves and three apses and covered with a ribbed and star-shaped vault.<br /> <br /> The Romanesque portal<br /> <br /> Detail</div> Llanes - Santa Maria del Conceyu <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52658900"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/89/00/52658900.3f0e8b30.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="168" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Parts of the preserved city wall of Llanes date back to 1206, the year in which the city was granted city rights by King Alfonso IX. Llanes is a traditional fishing port, with an active harbour. Meanwhile Llanes economy is boosted by tourists as there are a lot of large and small beaches nearby.<br /> <br /> During the Civil War, there was an airfield south-east of Llanes from where the German Condor Legion flew attacks. The aeroplanes that bombed Guernica took off from here.<br /> <br /> The construction of Santa Maria del Conceyu started in 1240 and continuing until the 14th - 15th century, so there are Romanesque and Gothic elements. The church is structured in a basilica plan with three naves and three apses and covered with a ribbed and star-shaped vault.<br /> <br /> The Romanesque portal<br /> <br /> Detail</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52649546 tag:ipernity.com,2024-09-30,doc-52649546 Mon, 30 Sep 2024 21:30:01 +0000 2024-03-01T13:23:26+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52649546"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/95/46/52649546.a82e8d32.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="162" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Oviedo was founded on a hill that the Romans called Ovetao. The monks Máximo and Fromestano founded a monastery on the Roman road in 761 and built a hermitage. Later, two dozen monks from the Muslim south joined the founders and, according to a document, chose Fromestano as their first abbot. They were under the protection of Fruela I, who chose the place as a residence for his wife Munia, who gave birth here to their son and later King Alfonso II.<br /> <br /> Alfonso II (aka "the Chaste", "el Casto" moved the capital here in 812 and made Oviedo the seat of the bishopric. In 912, however, Oviedo lost its function as capital to León under García I in the course of the reconquest. Alfonso II fortified Oviedo and furnished it with palaces and churches.<br /> <br /> During his reign, a tomb attributed to St James the Elder was discovered in Santiago de Compostela in 812. The king travelled from Oviedo to Santiago and is said to have been the first pilgrim to Santiago. He is also said to have opened the first Way of St James, the Camino Primitivo. Until the city of León was established as both the capital of the Kingdom of León and the nexus of a safe route — the Camino Francés — the Camino Primitivo remained the most frequented route for those going to Santiago.<br /> <br /> The Museo Arqueológico de Asturias is housed in a 16th century monastery.<br /> <br /> The Comisión Provincial de Monumentos, founded in 1845 to protect Spanish and Asturian cultural assets and monuments, opened a museum in 1870 for artefacts from Asturias and other donated items. The Museo Arqueológico de Asturias was officially founded in 1944 and moved to its current location.<br /> The stone dates to tThe Kingdom of Asturias.<br /> <br /> It was founded by the Visigothic nobleman Pelagius. It was the first Christian political entity established after the Umayyad conquest of Visigothic Hispania in 711. In 722, Pelagius defeated an Umayyad army at the Battle of Covadonga, in what is retroactively regarded as the beginning of the Reconquista.</div> Oviedo - Museo Arqueológico de Asturias <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52649546"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/95/46/52649546.a82e8d32.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="162" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Oviedo was founded on a hill that the Romans called Ovetao. The monks Máximo and Fromestano founded a monastery on the Roman road in 761 and built a hermitage. Later, two dozen monks from the Muslim south joined the founders and, according to a document, chose Fromestano as their first abbot. They were under the protection of Fruela I, who chose the place as a residence for his wife Munia, who gave birth here to their son and later King Alfonso II.<br /> <br /> Alfonso II (aka "the Chaste", "el Casto" moved the capital here in 812 and made Oviedo the seat of the bishopric. In 912, however, Oviedo lost its function as capital to León under García I in the course of the reconquest. Alfonso II fortified Oviedo and furnished it with palaces and churches.<br /> <br /> During his reign, a tomb attributed to St James the Elder was discovered in Santiago de Compostela in 812. The king travelled from Oviedo to Santiago and is said to have been the first pilgrim to Santiago. He is also said to have opened the first Way of St James, the Camino Primitivo. Until the city of León was established as both the capital of the Kingdom of León and the nexus of a safe route — the Camino Francés — the Camino Primitivo remained the most frequented route for those going to Santiago.<br /> <br /> The Museo Arqueológico de Asturias is housed in a 16th century monastery.<br /> <br /> The Comisión Provincial de Monumentos, founded in 1845 to protect Spanish and Asturian cultural assets and monuments, opened a museum in 1870 for artefacts from Asturias and other donated items. The Museo Arqueológico de Asturias was officially founded in 1944 and moved to its current location.<br /> The stone dates to tThe Kingdom of Asturias.<br /> <br /> It was founded by the Visigothic nobleman Pelagius. It was the first Christian political entity established after the Umayyad conquest of Visigothic Hispania in 711. In 722, Pelagius defeated an Umayyad army at the Battle of Covadonga, in what is retroactively regarded as the beginning of the Reconquista.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52647176 tag:ipernity.com,2024-09-28,doc-52647176 Sat, 28 Sep 2024 15:30:34 +0000 2024-03-01T17:38:32+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52647176"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/71/76/52647176.f31737cb.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The monastery dates back to the 10th century and it seems to have been a monastery for monks and nuns from the earliest times until the 12th century. In 1175 after a period of decadence, Countess Fronilda de Lemos restored monastic life, the monastery was rehabilitated and integrated into the Cistercian order.<br /> <br /> The church of the monastery is due to its profuse and diverse ornamentation, especially in its apse. It is considered to have been built prior to the incorporation of the monastery into the Cistercian order.<br /> <br /> Dogs attack a donkey, now seen from the other side. Now the owner of the horse can be seen.</div> Mosteiro de Santa María de Ferreira <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52647176"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/71/76/52647176.f31737cb.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The monastery dates back to the 10th century and it seems to have been a monastery for monks and nuns from the earliest times until the 12th century. In 1175 after a period of decadence, Countess Fronilda de Lemos restored monastic life, the monastery was rehabilitated and integrated into the Cistercian order.<br /> <br /> The church of the monastery is due to its profuse and diverse ornamentation, especially in its apse. It is considered to have been built prior to the incorporation of the monastery into the Cistercian order.<br /> <br /> Dogs attack a donkey, now seen from the other side. Now the owner of the horse can be seen.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52647166 tag:ipernity.com,2024-09-28,doc-52647166 Sat, 28 Sep 2024 15:04:59 +0000 2024-03-01T17:39:20+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52647166"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/71/66/52647166.1d7ff327.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The monastery dates back to the 10th century and it seems to have been a monastery for monks and nuns from the earliest times until the 12th century. In 1175 after a period of decadence, Countess Fronilda de Lemos restored monastic life, the monastery was rehabilitated and integrated into the Cistercian order.<br /> <br /> The church of the monastery is due to its profuse and diverse ornamentation, especially in its apse. It is considered to have been built prior to the incorporation of the monastery into the Cistercian order.<br /> <br /> Dogs attacking a horse</div> Mosteiro de Santa María de Ferreira <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52647166"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/71/66/52647166.1d7ff327.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The monastery dates back to the 10th century and it seems to have been a monastery for monks and nuns from the earliest times until the 12th century. In 1175 after a period of decadence, Countess Fronilda de Lemos restored monastic life, the monastery was rehabilitated and integrated into the Cistercian order.<br /> <br /> The church of the monastery is due to its profuse and diverse ornamentation, especially in its apse. It is considered to have been built prior to the incorporation of the monastery into the Cistercian order.<br /> <br /> Dogs attacking a horse</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52644352 tag:ipernity.com,2024-09-25,doc-52644352 Wed, 25 Sep 2024 19:09:42 +0000 2024-03-01T18:40:38+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52644352"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/43/52/52644352.2799b50e.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Santo Estevo de Ribas de Sil is a former Benedictine monastery. The ensemble of buildings, in which three cloisters have been preserved, is now used as a Parador hotel.<br /> <br /> The first monastery probably already existed in Visigothic times. At the beginning of the 10th century, a hermit settled in the abandoned monastery and founded a new community with other hermits who had retreated to the Sil Valley. The Galician king Ordoño II granted privileges and from 921 the monastery was rebuilt and dedicated to St Stephen. The monastery's coat of arms, which depicts nine mitres, commemorates nine bishops who renounced their episcopal see in the 10th and 11th centuries and retired to the monastery of Santo Estevo. They were buried in the monastery and, as they were venerated as saints, their tombs soon attracted pilgrims.<br /> <br /> As there were frequent disputes with the local landlords among the later commendatory abbots, Pope Julius II placed the monastery under the Benedictine Congregation of Valladolid in 1506. As a result, a school of liberal arts and philosophy was established in Santo Estevo and the monastery experienced a new period of prosperity.<br /> <br /> Two more cloisters and new monastery buildings, a chapter house, a large kitchen and a dining hall as well as dormitories were built. In the 17th century, 60 monks lived there.<br /> <br /> After the disamortisation of 1835, the monastery buildings fell into disrepair and were only restored at the end of the 20th century.<br /> <br /> <br /> Capital / Two pilgrims and between them a Coquille Saint-Jacques and a gof<br /> <br /> Narrow side - Two pilgrims and a Coquille Saint-Jacques<br /> <br /> Broad side - A dog hunting a hare</div> Santo Estevo de Ribas de Sil <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52644352"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/43/52/52644352.2799b50e.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="160" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Santo Estevo de Ribas de Sil is a former Benedictine monastery. The ensemble of buildings, in which three cloisters have been preserved, is now used as a Parador hotel.<br /> <br /> The first monastery probably already existed in Visigothic times. At the beginning of the 10th century, a hermit settled in the abandoned monastery and founded a new community with other hermits who had retreated to the Sil Valley. The Galician king Ordoño II granted privileges and from 921 the monastery was rebuilt and dedicated to St Stephen. The monastery's coat of arms, which depicts nine mitres, commemorates nine bishops who renounced their episcopal see in the 10th and 11th centuries and retired to the monastery of Santo Estevo. They were buried in the monastery and, as they were venerated as saints, their tombs soon attracted pilgrims.<br /> <br /> As there were frequent disputes with the local landlords among the later commendatory abbots, Pope Julius II placed the monastery under the Benedictine Congregation of Valladolid in 1506. As a result, a school of liberal arts and philosophy was established in Santo Estevo and the monastery experienced a new period of prosperity.<br /> <br /> Two more cloisters and new monastery buildings, a chapter house, a large kitchen and a dining hall as well as dormitories were built. In the 17th century, 60 monks lived there.<br /> <br /> After the disamortisation of 1835, the monastery buildings fell into disrepair and were only restored at the end of the 20th century.<br /> <br /> <br /> Capital / Two pilgrims and between them a Coquille Saint-Jacques and a gof<br /> <br /> Narrow side - Two pilgrims and a Coquille Saint-Jacques<br /> <br /> Broad side - A dog hunting a hare</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52495492 tag:ipernity.com,2024-06-12,doc-52495492 Wed, 12 Jun 2024 12:11:24 +0000 2023-08-01T13:52:20+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52495492"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/92/52495492.b4576947.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">York was already an important centre in Roman times, when it was known under the name of Eboracum. The Vikings, who took over the area later from the Angels , in turn adapted the name to Norse Jórvík.<br /> <br /> After the Anglian settlement York was first capital of Deira and later Northumbria, and by the early 7th century, York was an important royal centre for the Northumbrian kings. Following the Norman Conquest York was substantially damaged in response to regional revolt. Two castles were erected in the city on either side of the River Ouse. In time York became an important urban centre as the administrative centre of the county of Yorkshire, as the seat of an archbishop, and at times in the later 13th and 14th centuries as an alternative seat of royal government. It was an important trading centre.<br /> <br /> York prospered during much of the later medieval era; the later years of the 14th and the earlier years of the 15th centuries were characterised by particular prosperity. During the English Civil War, the city was regarded as a Royalist stronghold and was besieged and eventually captured by Parliamentary forces under Lord Fairfax in 1644. After the war, York retained its pre-eminence in the North, and, by 1660, was the third-largest city in England after London and Norwich.<br /> <br /> A bishop of York was summoned to the Council of Arles in 314, indicating the presence of a Christian community in York at this time. The present church had at least three predecessors. The first church, mentioned by Beda was a wooden structure built in 627 to provide a place to baptise Edwin, King of Northumbria.<br /> <br /> In 741 the existing cathedral was damaged or destroyed, possibly in a fire. The cathedral then passed through the hands of numerous invaders, along with the rest of the city, and its history is unclear until the 10th century. There were a number of Benedictine archbishops, who travelled to Westminster to crown William the Conqueror in 1066. In 1069, a revolt in support of Edgar Ætheling sparked a brutal crackdown. William the Conquerors troops devastated the town and the minster. Later that year, Danish invaders supporting the Ætheling, attacked the town, starting a fire and burning the cathedral to the ground. The first Norman archbishop, Thomas of Bayeux, who arrived in 1070, apparently organised repairs, but in 1075 another Danish force sailed up the river and sacked the minster. Construction of the Norman cathedral began in 1080 and was completed in 1100. Built in the Norman style, the new cathedral was 360 feet (111 m) long.<br /> When Walter de Grey was appointed archbishop in 1215, he ordered the construction of a Gothic structure to rival Canterbury. Construction began in 1220. The north and south transepts were the first new structures, completed in the 1250s. Both were built in the early Gothic style, but had noticeably different wall heights. A massive central tower with a wooden spire was also completed. Construction continued into the 15th century.<br /> <br /> The chapter house was started in the 1260s and was completed before 1296. The wide nave was built on Norman foundations from the 1280s. The external roof was completed in the 1330s, but the vaulting was not completed until 1360. Construction then moved on to the east wing and chapels. The Norman chancel was demolished in the 1390s. In 1407 the central tower collapsed. The pillars were then reinforced and a new tower was built in 1420. The western towers were added between 1433 and 1472. In 1472 the cathedral was declared finished and consecrated.<br /> <br /> The English Reformation led to the looting of much of the cathedral's treasures. Under Elizabeth I there was a concerted effort to remove all traces of Roman Catholicism from the cathedral; there was much destruction of tombs, windows and altars. In the English Civil War the city was besieged and fell to the forces of Cromwell in 1644, but it was prevented any further damage to the cathedral.<br /> <br /> On 9 July 1984 a blaze caused severe destruction to the south transept. Believed to have been started by a lightning strike, the roof burnt for three hours before it was made to collapse by the fire brigade to stop it spreading to other parts of the minster. It took over £2.25 million to repair the damage, and a rededication ceremony was held in October 1988.<br /> A monkey and a dog</div> York - Minster <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52495492"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/92/52495492.b4576947.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">York was already an important centre in Roman times, when it was known under the name of Eboracum. The Vikings, who took over the area later from the Angels , in turn adapted the name to Norse Jórvík.<br /> <br /> After the Anglian settlement York was first capital of Deira and later Northumbria, and by the early 7th century, York was an important royal centre for the Northumbrian kings. Following the Norman Conquest York was substantially damaged in response to regional revolt. Two castles were erected in the city on either side of the River Ouse. In time York became an important urban centre as the administrative centre of the county of Yorkshire, as the seat of an archbishop, and at times in the later 13th and 14th centuries as an alternative seat of royal government. It was an important trading centre.<br /> <br /> York prospered during much of the later medieval era; the later years of the 14th and the earlier years of the 15th centuries were characterised by particular prosperity. During the English Civil War, the city was regarded as a Royalist stronghold and was besieged and eventually captured by Parliamentary forces under Lord Fairfax in 1644. After the war, York retained its pre-eminence in the North, and, by 1660, was the third-largest city in England after London and Norwich.<br /> <br /> A bishop of York was summoned to the Council of Arles in 314, indicating the presence of a Christian community in York at this time. The present church had at least three predecessors. The first church, mentioned by Beda was a wooden structure built in 627 to provide a place to baptise Edwin, King of Northumbria.<br /> <br /> In 741 the existing cathedral was damaged or destroyed, possibly in a fire. The cathedral then passed through the hands of numerous invaders, along with the rest of the city, and its history is unclear until the 10th century. There were a number of Benedictine archbishops, who travelled to Westminster to crown William the Conqueror in 1066. In 1069, a revolt in support of Edgar Ætheling sparked a brutal crackdown. William the Conquerors troops devastated the town and the minster. Later that year, Danish invaders supporting the Ætheling, attacked the town, starting a fire and burning the cathedral to the ground. The first Norman archbishop, Thomas of Bayeux, who arrived in 1070, apparently organised repairs, but in 1075 another Danish force sailed up the river and sacked the minster. Construction of the Norman cathedral began in 1080 and was completed in 1100. Built in the Norman style, the new cathedral was 360 feet (111 m) long.<br /> When Walter de Grey was appointed archbishop in 1215, he ordered the construction of a Gothic structure to rival Canterbury. Construction began in 1220. The north and south transepts were the first new structures, completed in the 1250s. Both were built in the early Gothic style, but had noticeably different wall heights. A massive central tower with a wooden spire was also completed. Construction continued into the 15th century.<br /> <br /> The chapter house was started in the 1260s and was completed before 1296. The wide nave was built on Norman foundations from the 1280s. The external roof was completed in the 1330s, but the vaulting was not completed until 1360. Construction then moved on to the east wing and chapels. The Norman chancel was demolished in the 1390s. In 1407 the central tower collapsed. The pillars were then reinforced and a new tower was built in 1420. The western towers were added between 1433 and 1472. In 1472 the cathedral was declared finished and consecrated.<br /> <br /> The English Reformation led to the looting of much of the cathedral's treasures. Under Elizabeth I there was a concerted effort to remove all traces of Roman Catholicism from the cathedral; there was much destruction of tombs, windows and altars. In the English Civil War the city was besieged and fell to the forces of Cromwell in 1644, but it was prevented any further damage to the cathedral.<br /> <br /> On 9 July 1984 a blaze caused severe destruction to the south transept. Believed to have been started by a lightning strike, the roof burnt for three hours before it was made to collapse by the fire brigade to stop it spreading to other parts of the minster. It took over £2.25 million to repair the damage, and a rededication ceremony was held in October 1988.<br /> A monkey and a dog</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52479204 tag:ipernity.com,2024-05-29,doc-52479204 Wed, 29 May 2024 22:00:23 +0000 2023-08-01T18:23:29+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52479204"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/92/04/52479204.68af81cb.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="142" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The first settlement to be established in the area was a Celtic town, which developed into the Roman city of Luguvalium in the 2nd century. Excavations undertaken in the 1970s dated the Roman timber fort constructed at the site of present Carlisle Castle to the winter of AD 73. It protected a strategic location on the Roman road to the north and overlooking the confluence of the Caldew and Eden rivers.<br /> <br /> By the time of the Norman Conquest of England, Carlisle was in the possession of the Scots. This changed in 1092, when William the Conqueror's son William Rufus invaded the region and incorporated Carlisle into England. The construction of Carlisle Castle began in 1093 on the site of the Roman fort.<br /> <br /> The conquest of Cumberland was the beginning of a war between Scotland and England which saw the region centred around Carlisle change hands a number of times. During the wars, the livelihood of the people on the borders was devastated by armies from both sides. Even when the countries were not at war, tension remained high. Groups named "Border Reivers" were raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century.<br /> <br /> Carlisle Cathedral was founded in 1122 as a community of canons. Construction of the church was begun by Athelwold, who became the first prior. In 1133 the church was elevated to cathedral status and Athelwold became the first Bishop of Carlisle. The building was renovated in the 13th and 14th centuries, with impetus given by the presence of the court of Edward I in 1307.<br /> <br /> In the 15th and early 16th centuries the monastic buildings were renewed. With the Dissolution of the Monasteries from 1536 and the establishment of the Church of England by Henry VIII as the official church of the country, the monasteries were dissolved and Carlisle Cathedral was run by a secular chapter. During the English Civil War part of the nave of the cathedral was demolished by the Scottish Presbyterian army to use the stones to reinforce Carlisle Castle. Between 1853 and 1870 Carlisle Cathedral was restored.<br /> <br /> The church was built in the Anglo-Norman style, but little of it remains. In the 13th century, construction began on a new three-aisled church in the Gothic style, which also had a transept. A fire damaged the church in 1292 and much of the work had to be restarted. Around 1350, the 9-panel chancel window was installed, which is still one of the largest in England.<br /> <br /> The stalls have a series of skilfully carved misericords<br /> <br /> Dog or boar?<br /> <br /> <br /> Carlisle,</div> Carlisle - Cathedral <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52479204"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/92/04/52479204.68af81cb.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="142" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The first settlement to be established in the area was a Celtic town, which developed into the Roman city of Luguvalium in the 2nd century. Excavations undertaken in the 1970s dated the Roman timber fort constructed at the site of present Carlisle Castle to the winter of AD 73. It protected a strategic location on the Roman road to the north and overlooking the confluence of the Caldew and Eden rivers.<br /> <br /> By the time of the Norman Conquest of England, Carlisle was in the possession of the Scots. This changed in 1092, when William the Conqueror's son William Rufus invaded the region and incorporated Carlisle into England. The construction of Carlisle Castle began in 1093 on the site of the Roman fort.<br /> <br /> The conquest of Cumberland was the beginning of a war between Scotland and England which saw the region centred around Carlisle change hands a number of times. During the wars, the livelihood of the people on the borders was devastated by armies from both sides. Even when the countries were not at war, tension remained high. Groups named "Border Reivers" were raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border from the late 13th century to the beginning of the 17th century.<br /> <br /> Carlisle Cathedral was founded in 1122 as a community of canons. Construction of the church was begun by Athelwold, who became the first prior. In 1133 the church was elevated to cathedral status and Athelwold became the first Bishop of Carlisle. The building was renovated in the 13th and 14th centuries, with impetus given by the presence of the court of Edward I in 1307.<br /> <br /> In the 15th and early 16th centuries the monastic buildings were renewed. With the Dissolution of the Monasteries from 1536 and the establishment of the Church of England by Henry VIII as the official church of the country, the monasteries were dissolved and Carlisle Cathedral was run by a secular chapter. During the English Civil War part of the nave of the cathedral was demolished by the Scottish Presbyterian army to use the stones to reinforce Carlisle Castle. Between 1853 and 1870 Carlisle Cathedral was restored.<br /> <br /> The church was built in the Anglo-Norman style, but little of it remains. In the 13th century, construction began on a new three-aisled church in the Gothic style, which also had a transept. A fire damaged the church in 1292 and much of the work had to be restarted. Around 1350, the 9-panel chancel window was installed, which is still one of the largest in England.<br /> <br /> The stalls have a series of skilfully carved misericords<br /> <br /> Dog or boar?<br /> <br /> <br /> Carlisle,</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52474654 tag:ipernity.com,2024-05-26,doc-52474654 Sun, 26 May 2024 20:11:43 +0000 2023-08-01T14:39:27+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52474654"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/46/54/52474654.6b7d86aa.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The remains of a Roman fort occupy a site near the town centre. A church existed already in 627 AD.<br /> <br /> The Domesday Book records Ilkley as being in the possession of William de Percy. The land was acquired by the Middelton family of Myddelton Lodge, from about a century after the time of William the Conqueror.<br /> <br /> The church is built on the site of the Roman fort, two Roman altars have been discovered built into the tower. Three 8th-century Anglo-Saxon stone crosses, now incomplete, used to be in the churchyard but are now inside. The earliest part of the church is the 13th century south doorway. The nave of the church dates back to the 14th century while the tower is of 15th century construction. The church was extended and restored in the 19th century.<br /> <br /> These three Anglo-Saxon crosses, which stood in the churchyard of All Saints' Church, were moved inwards to prevent erosion.<br /> <br /> The smallest cross (left) probably dates from the 8th century and the other two from the first half of the 9th century. The head of the large cross dates from the same period, but did not belong to it. It was found in the River Wharfe in 1884.<br /> <br /> <br /> A detail of the small cross on the right. Hares? Dog?</div> Ilkley - All Saints <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52474654"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/46/54/52474654.6b7d86aa.240.jpg?r2" width="160" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The remains of a Roman fort occupy a site near the town centre. A church existed already in 627 AD.<br /> <br /> The Domesday Book records Ilkley as being in the possession of William de Percy. The land was acquired by the Middelton family of Myddelton Lodge, from about a century after the time of William the Conqueror.<br /> <br /> The church is built on the site of the Roman fort, two Roman altars have been discovered built into the tower. Three 8th-century Anglo-Saxon stone crosses, now incomplete, used to be in the churchyard but are now inside. The earliest part of the church is the 13th century south doorway. The nave of the church dates back to the 14th century while the tower is of 15th century construction. The church was extended and restored in the 19th century.<br /> <br /> These three Anglo-Saxon crosses, which stood in the churchyard of All Saints' Church, were moved inwards to prevent erosion.<br /> <br /> The smallest cross (left) probably dates from the 8th century and the other two from the first half of the 9th century. The head of the large cross dates from the same period, but did not belong to it. It was found in the River Wharfe in 1884.<br /> <br /> <br /> A detail of the small cross on the right. Hares? Dog?</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52465448 tag:ipernity.com,2024-05-19,doc-52465448 Sun, 19 May 2024 18:32:01 +0000 2023-08-01T14:22:55+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52465448"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/48/52465448.d36c6141.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="133" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">There was a church here when the Domesday Book was compiled in 1086. The current building dates from taround 1120. Who had the church built was is a matter of conjecture, and why so large and imposing a church was built in Melbourne is a mystery. One theory suggests the first Bishop of Carlisle built it.<br /> <br /> When King Henry I founded the diocese in 1133, he presented the church at Melbourne to Aethelwulf, its first bishop. Since Carlisle was not a safe place to be, it has been assumed that Aethelwulf sought safety here in his southern base when Carlisle was captured by the Scots in 1136, and that he built himself a church worthy of his status. The church does indeed have the feel of a 'miniature cathedral' about it.<br /> <br /> This theory has been questioned, as doubt has been cast on the assumption that Aethelwulf came south, since there is evidence that he simply remained in Carlisle acted as a Scottish bishop.<br /> <br /> The churches west end is massive, with its fine door moulding and two low towers. The east end of the church originally had a triple apse. This was a feature of early Norman churches, and traces of these can be seen both inside and outside.<br /> <br /> Holding a dog by its tail</div> Melbourne - St Michael with St Mary <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52465448"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/48/52465448.d36c6141.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="133" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">There was a church here when the Domesday Book was compiled in 1086. The current building dates from taround 1120. Who had the church built was is a matter of conjecture, and why so large and imposing a church was built in Melbourne is a mystery. One theory suggests the first Bishop of Carlisle built it.<br /> <br /> When King Henry I founded the diocese in 1133, he presented the church at Melbourne to Aethelwulf, its first bishop. Since Carlisle was not a safe place to be, it has been assumed that Aethelwulf sought safety here in his southern base when Carlisle was captured by the Scots in 1136, and that he built himself a church worthy of his status. The church does indeed have the feel of a 'miniature cathedral' about it.<br /> <br /> This theory has been questioned, as doubt has been cast on the assumption that Aethelwulf came south, since there is evidence that he simply remained in Carlisle acted as a Scottish bishop.<br /> <br /> The churches west end is massive, with its fine door moulding and two low towers. The east end of the church originally had a triple apse. This was a feature of early Norman churches, and traces of these can be seen both inside and outside.<br /> <br /> Holding a dog by its tail</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52457714 tag:ipernity.com,2024-05-12,doc-52457714 Sun, 12 May 2024 20:50:34 +0000 2023-08-01T16:19:04+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52457714"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/77/14/52457714.aad94e29.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="99" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Until the 9th century the area around Kilpeck was within the Welsh kingdom of Ergyng. After the Norman conquest it became part of Herefordshire. In the Domesday Book of 1086, Kilpeck was given by William the Conqueror to William Fitz Norman de la Mare. The clan de la Mare is one of the oldest in Normandy and is descended from Ragnvald Eysteinsson, earl of Møre and Romsdal.<br /> <br /> The village of Kilpeck is renowned for its small but outstanding Norman/Romanesque) St Mary and St David's Church. The church was built around 1140. In 1143 it was given to the Abbey of Gloucester. It may have replaced an earlier Saxon church at the same site, and the oval raised form of the churchyard is typical of even older Celtic foundations. When the church was built, the area around Kilpeck was relatively prosperous and strategically important. The economic decline of the area after the 14th century may have helped preserve features which would have been removed elsewhere. However, it is unclear why the carvings were not defaced by Puritans in the 17th century.<br /> <br /> The carvings in the local red sandstone are remarkable for their number and their fine state of preservation. The carvings are all original and in their original positions. They have been attributed to a Herefordshire School of stonemasons, probably local but who may have been instructed by master masons recruited in France by Oliver de Merlimond. He was steward to the Lord of Wigmore, Hugh Mortimer, who went on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in Spain and, on his return, built a church with similar Romanesque carvings at Shobdon, 30 miles north of Kilpeck. Hugh de Kilpeck, a relative of Earl Mortimer, employed the same builders here.<br /> <br /> There are a very large number of corbels. Some are quite peculiar. A hunting dog and a hare (Disney should pay roayties for this), a gentleman who has unfortunately lost part of his jaw and a beast with a beak and arms devouring a sinner.</div> Kilpeck - St Mary and St David&#039;s Church <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52457714"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/77/14/52457714.aad94e29.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="99" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Until the 9th century the area around Kilpeck was within the Welsh kingdom of Ergyng. After the Norman conquest it became part of Herefordshire. In the Domesday Book of 1086, Kilpeck was given by William the Conqueror to William Fitz Norman de la Mare. The clan de la Mare is one of the oldest in Normandy and is descended from Ragnvald Eysteinsson, earl of Møre and Romsdal.<br /> <br /> The village of Kilpeck is renowned for its small but outstanding Norman/Romanesque) St Mary and St David's Church. The church was built around 1140. In 1143 it was given to the Abbey of Gloucester. It may have replaced an earlier Saxon church at the same site, and the oval raised form of the churchyard is typical of even older Celtic foundations. When the church was built, the area around Kilpeck was relatively prosperous and strategically important. The economic decline of the area after the 14th century may have helped preserve features which would have been removed elsewhere. However, it is unclear why the carvings were not defaced by Puritans in the 17th century.<br /> <br /> The carvings in the local red sandstone are remarkable for their number and their fine state of preservation. The carvings are all original and in their original positions. They have been attributed to a Herefordshire School of stonemasons, probably local but who may have been instructed by master masons recruited in France by Oliver de Merlimond. He was steward to the Lord of Wigmore, Hugh Mortimer, who went on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in Spain and, on his return, built a church with similar Romanesque carvings at Shobdon, 30 miles north of Kilpeck. Hugh de Kilpeck, a relative of Earl Mortimer, employed the same builders here.<br /> <br /> There are a very large number of corbels. Some are quite peculiar. A hunting dog and a hare (Disney should pay roayties for this), a gentleman who has unfortunately lost part of his jaw and a beast with a beak and arms devouring a sinner.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52445410 tag:ipernity.com,2024-05-04,doc-52445410 Sat, 04 May 2024 11:54:39 +0000 2023-07-01T17:52:13+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52445410"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/10/52445410.acd47d7e.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="168" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The current Church of the Holy Cross in Pershore was once the church of a Anglo-Saxon abbey.<br /> <br /> The founding of the abbey is attributed to King Æthelred of Mercia.<br /> <br /> In the 9th century Pershore reappears as a monastery under the patronage of Mercian kings. In the reign of King Edgar (959-975), Pershore appears as one of the abbeys to be re-established or restored under the programme of Benedictine reform.<br /> <br /> Around 1022 the abbey was destroyed by fire. However, the noble Odda of Deerhurst took over the monastery and donated lands. After his death in 1056he was buried in the monastery. In the 14th century, the nobleman Adam de Harvington took over the monastery and promoted its new building. <br /> <br /> In the course of the dissolution of the English monasteries (1536–1541) by Henry VIII, the monastery buildings were demolished along with the western part of the church. In 1686 the northern arm of the transept collapsed and was replaced by a wall. <br /> <br /> In 1862–64 a thorough restoration was undertaken, which also included opening the crossing tower towards the church to create a lantern tower. The corner turrets of the tower are an ingredient from 1871.<br /> Is this dog from hell wearing a muzzle</div> Pershore - Abbey <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52445410"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/10/52445410.acd47d7e.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="168" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The current Church of the Holy Cross in Pershore was once the church of a Anglo-Saxon abbey.<br /> <br /> The founding of the abbey is attributed to King Æthelred of Mercia.<br /> <br /> In the 9th century Pershore reappears as a monastery under the patronage of Mercian kings. In the reign of King Edgar (959-975), Pershore appears as one of the abbeys to be re-established or restored under the programme of Benedictine reform.<br /> <br /> Around 1022 the abbey was destroyed by fire. However, the noble Odda of Deerhurst took over the monastery and donated lands. After his death in 1056he was buried in the monastery. In the 14th century, the nobleman Adam de Harvington took over the monastery and promoted its new building. <br /> <br /> In the course of the dissolution of the English monasteries (1536–1541) by Henry VIII, the monastery buildings were demolished along with the western part of the church. In 1686 the northern arm of the transept collapsed and was replaced by a wall. <br /> <br /> In 1862–64 a thorough restoration was undertaken, which also included opening the crossing tower towards the church to create a lantern tower. The corner turrets of the tower are an ingredient from 1871.<br /> Is this dog from hell wearing a muzzle</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52326680 tag:ipernity.com,2024-02-17,doc-52326680 Sat, 17 Feb 2024 16:53:18 +0000 2023-02-01T17:53:18+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52326680"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/66/80/52326680.32157cb9.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="161" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The Phoenicians founded bases in Portugal from 1000 BC. They and later the c are said to have called the site "Alis Ubbo" and used it as the only large natural harbor on the Iberian Atlantic coast. According to Pliny the Elder, Lisbon was later regarded as a foundation of Odysseus.<br /> <br /> Under Roman rule, from around 205 BC, the city was initially called Olisipo. Julius Caesar succeeded in breaking the last resistance of the local tribes in 60 BC. Under Caesar, Roman veterans were settled here to control the area. The town was granted Roman city rights in 48 BC and subsequently became a larg town in the province of Lusitania. From 409 A.D. onwards, barbarian tribes advanced into the Iberian Peninsula. Alans, Suebi, Vandals and Visigoths attempted to occupy Lisbon. In 468, the Roman city commander surrendered the city to the Suebi, but shortly after the earthquake of 472 the Visigoths began to rule.<br /> <br /> In 719, Lisbon was conquered by Muslim Moors and later became part of the Emirate of Córdoba. After this, the city experienced its first major boom. Although Alfonso II conquered the city for a short time in 798,[ Lisbon soon fell to the Moors again. During the Caliphate of Córdoba, the city was one of the most important ports, while Christian Galicians and Leonese repeatedly attempted to conquer it. Vikings devastated the city and the surrounding area in 844.<br /> <br /> In the 11th century, Lisbon belonged to the Emirate of Badajoz. From 1093, Raymond of Armous, a son of William I of Burgundy, was given the rule of Galicia. From there, he undertook campaigns against the Moors in the south. He succeeded in temporarily entering Lisbon after the Muslim ruler of Badajoz had submitted to King Alfonso, but even this conquest was was not permanent, nor was the occupation of Lisbon by Norwegian crusaders under Sigurd in 1108.<br /> <br /> Even when Alfonso I came to power, the south of the Iberian Peninsula was still held by the Moors. However, in 1147, the siege of Lisbon finally led to the capture of the city. External support for the attackers was decisive: the successful siege of the city by an army of crusaders from the Second Crusade secured Alfonso I the basis for his rule over the entire surrounding area.<br /> <br /> An earthquake struck on the morning of 1 November 1755.Along with a major fire and a tsunami, the Lisbon earthquake destroyed the Portuguese capital almost completely. With 30,000 to 100,000 deaths of the 275,000 inhabitants, this earthquake is one of the most devastating natural disasters in European history. About 85 percent of all Lisbon's buildings were destroyed.<br /> Lisbon has been the seat of a bishopric since the 4th century. After the period of Visigothic domination the city was conquered by the Moors and stayed under Arab control from the 8th to the 12th century, although Christians were allowed to live in Lisbon. In the year 1147, the city was conquered by an army composed of Portuguese soldiers led by King c and North European crusaders taking part on the Second Crusade. An English crusader named Gilbert of Hastings was placed as bishop, and a new cathedral was built on the site of the main mosque of Lisbon.<br /> <br /> Construction began in 1147 and lasted until the early 13th century. The nave, transept and most of the west building are Romanesque, the open floor of the north tower is Gothic. The choir has Gothic and Baroque styles.<br /> <br /> In 1344 an earthquake caused damage. In 1380 the west facade was repaired. The earthquake of 1755 caused further damage, including the destruction of the Gothic choir. In the 18th century, the towers were crowned with baroque-style spires. The tops were dismantled during the reign of António de Oliveira Salazar to achieve a uniform appearance in the Romanesque style. At the same time, the battlements were restored and the portal-like window in the west facade was replaced with a rose window.<br /> <br /> <br /> While their deceased master is still reading, his two dogs eat a large bird.</div> Lisboa - Sé de Lisboa <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52326680"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/66/80/52326680.32157cb9.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="161" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The Phoenicians founded bases in Portugal from 1000 BC. They and later the c are said to have called the site "Alis Ubbo" and used it as the only large natural harbor on the Iberian Atlantic coast. According to Pliny the Elder, Lisbon was later regarded as a foundation of Odysseus.<br /> <br /> Under Roman rule, from around 205 BC, the city was initially called Olisipo. Julius Caesar succeeded in breaking the last resistance of the local tribes in 60 BC. Under Caesar, Roman veterans were settled here to control the area. The town was granted Roman city rights in 48 BC and subsequently became a larg town in the province of Lusitania. From 409 A.D. onwards, barbarian tribes advanced into the Iberian Peninsula. Alans, Suebi, Vandals and Visigoths attempted to occupy Lisbon. In 468, the Roman city commander surrendered the city to the Suebi, but shortly after the earthquake of 472 the Visigoths began to rule.<br /> <br /> In 719, Lisbon was conquered by Muslim Moors and later became part of the Emirate of Córdoba. After this, the city experienced its first major boom. Although Alfonso II conquered the city for a short time in 798,[ Lisbon soon fell to the Moors again. During the Caliphate of Córdoba, the city was one of the most important ports, while Christian Galicians and Leonese repeatedly attempted to conquer it. Vikings devastated the city and the surrounding area in 844.<br /> <br /> In the 11th century, Lisbon belonged to the Emirate of Badajoz. From 1093, Raymond of Armous, a son of William I of Burgundy, was given the rule of Galicia. From there, he undertook campaigns against the Moors in the south. He succeeded in temporarily entering Lisbon after the Muslim ruler of Badajoz had submitted to King Alfonso, but even this conquest was was not permanent, nor was the occupation of Lisbon by Norwegian crusaders under Sigurd in 1108.<br /> <br /> Even when Alfonso I came to power, the south of the Iberian Peninsula was still held by the Moors. However, in 1147, the siege of Lisbon finally led to the capture of the city. External support for the attackers was decisive: the successful siege of the city by an army of crusaders from the Second Crusade secured Alfonso I the basis for his rule over the entire surrounding area.<br /> <br /> An earthquake struck on the morning of 1 November 1755.Along with a major fire and a tsunami, the Lisbon earthquake destroyed the Portuguese capital almost completely. With 30,000 to 100,000 deaths of the 275,000 inhabitants, this earthquake is one of the most devastating natural disasters in European history. About 85 percent of all Lisbon's buildings were destroyed.<br /> Lisbon has been the seat of a bishopric since the 4th century. After the period of Visigothic domination the city was conquered by the Moors and stayed under Arab control from the 8th to the 12th century, although Christians were allowed to live in Lisbon. In the year 1147, the city was conquered by an army composed of Portuguese soldiers led by King c and North European crusaders taking part on the Second Crusade. An English crusader named Gilbert of Hastings was placed as bishop, and a new cathedral was built on the site of the main mosque of Lisbon.<br /> <br /> Construction began in 1147 and lasted until the early 13th century. The nave, transept and most of the west building are Romanesque, the open floor of the north tower is Gothic. The choir has Gothic and Baroque styles.<br /> <br /> In 1344 an earthquake caused damage. In 1380 the west facade was repaired. The earthquake of 1755 caused further damage, including the destruction of the Gothic choir. In the 18th century, the towers were crowned with baroque-style spires. The tops were dismantled during the reign of António de Oliveira Salazar to achieve a uniform appearance in the Romanesque style. At the same time, the battlements were restored and the portal-like window in the west facade was replaced with a rose window.<br /> <br /> <br /> While their deceased master is still reading, his two dogs eat a large bird.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52326672 tag:ipernity.com,2024-02-17,doc-52326672 Sat, 17 Feb 2024 16:49:19 +0000 2024-02-01T17:49:19+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52326672"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/66/72/52326672.59dce7d9.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="156" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The Phoenicians founded bases in Portugal from 1000 BC. They and later the c are said to have called the site "Alis Ubbo" and used it as the only large natural harbor on the Iberian Atlantic coast. According to Pliny the Elder, Lisbon was later regarded as a foundation of Odysseus.<br /> <br /> Under Roman rule, from around 205 BC, the city was initially called Olisipo. Julius Caesar succeeded in breaking the last resistance of the local tribes in 60 BC. Under Caesar, Roman veterans were settled here to control the area. The town was granted Roman city rights in 48 BC and subsequently became a larg town in the province of Lusitania. From 409 A.D. onwards, barbarian tribes advanced into the Iberian Peninsula. Alans, Suebi, Vandals and Visigoths attempted to occupy Lisbon. In 468, the Roman city commander surrendered the city to the Suebi, but shortly after the earthquake of 472 the Visigoths began to rule.<br /> <br /> In 719, Lisbon was conquered by Muslim Moors and later became part of the Emirate of Córdoba. After this, the city experienced its first major boom. Although Alfonso II conquered the city for a short time in 798,[ Lisbon soon fell to the Moors again. During the Caliphate of Córdoba, the city was one of the most important ports, while Christian Galicians and Leonese repeatedly attempted to conquer it. Vikings devastated the city and the surrounding area in 844.<br /> <br /> In the 11th century, Lisbon belonged to the Emirate of Badajoz. From 1093, Raymond of Armous, a son of William I of Burgundy, was given the rule of Galicia. From there, he undertook campaigns against the Moors in the south. He succeeded in temporarily entering Lisbon after the Muslim ruler of Badajoz had submitted to King Alfonso, but even this conquest was was not permanent, nor was the occupation of Lisbon by Norwegian crusaders under Sigurd in 1108.<br /> <br /> Even when Alfonso I came to power, the south of the Iberian Peninsula was still held by the Moors. However, in 1147, the siege of Lisbon finally led to the capture of the city. External support for the attackers was decisive: the successful siege of the city by an army of crusaders from the Second Crusade secured Alfonso I the basis for his rule over the entire surrounding area.<br /> <br /> An earthquake struck on the morning of 1 November 1755.Along with a major fire and a tsunami, the Lisbon earthquake destroyed the Portuguese capital almost completely. With 30,000 to 100,000 deaths of the 275,000 inhabitants, this earthquake is one of the most devastating natural disasters in European history. About 85 percent of all Lisbon's buildings were destroyed.<br /> Lisbon has been the seat of a bishopric since the 4th century. After the period of Visigothic domination the city was conquered by the Moors and stayed under Arab control from the 8th to the 12th century, although Christians were allowed to live in Lisbon. In the year 1147, the city was conquered by an army composed of Portuguese soldiers led by King c and North European crusaders taking part on the Second Crusade. An English crusader named Gilbert of Hastings was placed as bishop, and a new cathedral was built on the site of the main mosque of Lisbon.<br /> <br /> Construction began in 1147 and lasted until the early 13th century. The nave, transept and most of the west building are Romanesque, the open floor of the north tower is Gothic. The choir has Gothic and Baroque styles.<br /> <br /> In 1344 an earthquake caused damage. In 1380 the west facade was repaired. The earthquake of 1755 caused further damage, including the destruction of the Gothic choir. In the 18th century, the towers were crowned with baroque-style spires. The tops were dismantled during the reign of António de Oliveira Salazar to achieve a uniform appearance in the Romanesque style. At the same time, the battlements were restored and the portal-like window in the west facade was replaced with a rose window.<br /> <br /> The deceased man´s best friend.</div> Lisboa - Sé de Lisboa <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52326672"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/66/72/52326672.59dce7d9.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="156" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The Phoenicians founded bases in Portugal from 1000 BC. They and later the c are said to have called the site "Alis Ubbo" and used it as the only large natural harbor on the Iberian Atlantic coast. According to Pliny the Elder, Lisbon was later regarded as a foundation of Odysseus.<br /> <br /> Under Roman rule, from around 205 BC, the city was initially called Olisipo. Julius Caesar succeeded in breaking the last resistance of the local tribes in 60 BC. Under Caesar, Roman veterans were settled here to control the area. The town was granted Roman city rights in 48 BC and subsequently became a larg town in the province of Lusitania. From 409 A.D. onwards, barbarian tribes advanced into the Iberian Peninsula. Alans, Suebi, Vandals and Visigoths attempted to occupy Lisbon. In 468, the Roman city commander surrendered the city to the Suebi, but shortly after the earthquake of 472 the Visigoths began to rule.<br /> <br /> In 719, Lisbon was conquered by Muslim Moors and later became part of the Emirate of Córdoba. After this, the city experienced its first major boom. Although Alfonso II conquered the city for a short time in 798,[ Lisbon soon fell to the Moors again. During the Caliphate of Córdoba, the city was one of the most important ports, while Christian Galicians and Leonese repeatedly attempted to conquer it. Vikings devastated the city and the surrounding area in 844.<br /> <br /> In the 11th century, Lisbon belonged to the Emirate of Badajoz. From 1093, Raymond of Armous, a son of William I of Burgundy, was given the rule of Galicia. From there, he undertook campaigns against the Moors in the south. He succeeded in temporarily entering Lisbon after the Muslim ruler of Badajoz had submitted to King Alfonso, but even this conquest was was not permanent, nor was the occupation of Lisbon by Norwegian crusaders under Sigurd in 1108.<br /> <br /> Even when Alfonso I came to power, the south of the Iberian Peninsula was still held by the Moors. However, in 1147, the siege of Lisbon finally led to the capture of the city. External support for the attackers was decisive: the successful siege of the city by an army of crusaders from the Second Crusade secured Alfonso I the basis for his rule over the entire surrounding area.<br /> <br /> An earthquake struck on the morning of 1 November 1755.Along with a major fire and a tsunami, the Lisbon earthquake destroyed the Portuguese capital almost completely. With 30,000 to 100,000 deaths of the 275,000 inhabitants, this earthquake is one of the most devastating natural disasters in European history. About 85 percent of all Lisbon's buildings were destroyed.<br /> Lisbon has been the seat of a bishopric since the 4th century. After the period of Visigothic domination the city was conquered by the Moors and stayed under Arab control from the 8th to the 12th century, although Christians were allowed to live in Lisbon. In the year 1147, the city was conquered by an army composed of Portuguese soldiers led by King c and North European crusaders taking part on the Second Crusade. An English crusader named Gilbert of Hastings was placed as bishop, and a new cathedral was built on the site of the main mosque of Lisbon.<br /> <br /> Construction began in 1147 and lasted until the early 13th century. The nave, transept and most of the west building are Romanesque, the open floor of the north tower is Gothic. The choir has Gothic and Baroque styles.<br /> <br /> In 1344 an earthquake caused damage. In 1380 the west facade was repaired. The earthquake of 1755 caused further damage, including the destruction of the Gothic choir. In the 18th century, the towers were crowned with baroque-style spires. The tops were dismantled during the reign of António de Oliveira Salazar to achieve a uniform appearance in the Romanesque style. At the same time, the battlements were restored and the portal-like window in the west facade was replaced with a rose window.<br /> <br /> The deceased man´s best friend.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52131276 tag:ipernity.com,2023-09-27,doc-52131276 Wed, 27 Sep 2023 15:06:15 +0000 2022-12-01T11:52:40+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52131276"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/12/76/52131276.906a12df.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="135" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The town of Toro lies on a plateau above the Duero River about 40 km east of Zamora.<br /> <br /> In medieval times Toro had some importance. Ferdinand III of Castile was crowned king in Toro in 1230, his wife Elisabeth of Swabia died here five years later.<br /> <br /> The large collegiate church Colegiata de Santa María la Mayor, whose construction began in 1160 under Alfonso VII, but lasted possibly even until the end of the 13th century. During the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, it was elevated to a collegiate church.<br /> <br /> The architectural highlight of the church building is the two-story crossing tower (“cimborrio”) with its sixteen-sided floor plan, with four sides being particularly highlighted by round corner towers, which serve both for architectural decoration and for static stabilization. While the corner towers in the lower part hardly have any architectural decoration, the two levels of the central tower with their windows - accompanied by small columns and ending in oriental-looking multi-aisle arches - are designed in exactly the same way.<br /> <br /> <br /> The church has three naves, a transept, and three apses.<br /> <br /> They seem to have fun</div> Toro - Colegiata de Santa María la Mayor <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52131276"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/12/76/52131276.906a12df.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="135" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The town of Toro lies on a plateau above the Duero River about 40 km east of Zamora.<br /> <br /> In medieval times Toro had some importance. Ferdinand III of Castile was crowned king in Toro in 1230, his wife Elisabeth of Swabia died here five years later.<br /> <br /> The large collegiate church Colegiata de Santa María la Mayor, whose construction began in 1160 under Alfonso VII, but lasted possibly even until the end of the 13th century. During the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, it was elevated to a collegiate church.<br /> <br /> The architectural highlight of the church building is the two-story crossing tower (“cimborrio”) with its sixteen-sided floor plan, with four sides being particularly highlighted by round corner towers, which serve both for architectural decoration and for static stabilization. While the corner towers in the lower part hardly have any architectural decoration, the two levels of the central tower with their windows - accompanied by small columns and ending in oriental-looking multi-aisle arches - are designed in exactly the same way.<br /> <br /> <br /> The church has three naves, a transept, and three apses.<br /> <br /> They seem to have fun</div> Martin M. Miles