https://www.ipernity.com/tag/323415/keyword/45663 https://cdn.ipernity.com/p/105/57/EF/323415.buddy.jpg https://www.ipernity.com/tag/323415/keyword/45663 Wed, 03 Jun 2026 05:59:55 +0000 Wed, 03 Jun 2026 05:59:55 +0000 https://www.ipernity.com https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53154272 tag:ipernity.com,2025-11-19,doc-53154272 Wed, 19 Nov 2025 21:54:57 +0000 2025-07-01T15:29:45+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53154272"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/42/72/53154272.5bdf3309.240.jpg?r2" width="231" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">With about 25,000 inhabitants, Rodez is today the economic and cultural center of the Aveyron department.<br /> <br /> The city has a history spanning over 2,000 years and was known as Segodunum under the Romans. After the Romans, Rodez was occupied by the Visigoths, the Franks, the armies of the Dukes of Aquitaine and the Counts of Toulouse, and by the Moors, who besieged the city in 725 and destroyed the old church. Several centuries later, the English besieged the city during the Hundred Years' War.<br /> <br /> Today there two universities here, whose more than 3000 students bring life to the city.<br /> <br /> The area was Christianized in the 4th/5th century by Saints Martial and Amantius: There is no mention of a bishop's church until the 6th century; however, it was enlarged and rebuilt several times over the following centuries. After the collapse of the bell tower of the previous building in 1276, the decision was made to completely rebuild it, which, like the old cathedral, was located outside the existing city walls. Construction work dragged on until 1531 due to the Hundred Years' War and several plague epidemics. The building was thus completed shortly before the outbreak of the Huguenot Wars (1562–1598).<br /> Nave and choir of the church are 101.57 meters long.</div> Rodez - Cathédrale Notre-Dame <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/53154272"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/42/72/53154272.5bdf3309.240.jpg?r2" width="231" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">With about 25,000 inhabitants, Rodez is today the economic and cultural center of the Aveyron department.<br /> <br /> The city has a history spanning over 2,000 years and was known as Segodunum under the Romans. After the Romans, Rodez was occupied by the Visigoths, the Franks, the armies of the Dukes of Aquitaine and the Counts of Toulouse, and by the Moors, who besieged the city in 725 and destroyed the old church. Several centuries later, the English besieged the city during the Hundred Years' War.<br /> <br /> Today there two universities here, whose more than 3000 students bring life to the city.<br /> <br /> The area was Christianized in the 4th/5th century by Saints Martial and Amantius: There is no mention of a bishop's church until the 6th century; however, it was enlarged and rebuilt several times over the following centuries. After the collapse of the bell tower of the previous building in 1276, the decision was made to completely rebuild it, which, like the old cathedral, was located outside the existing city walls. Construction work dragged on until 1531 due to the Hundred Years' War and several plague epidemics. The building was thus completed shortly before the outbreak of the Huguenot Wars (1562–1598).<br /> Nave and choir of the church are 101.57 meters long.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52704092 tag:ipernity.com,2024-11-25,doc-52704092 Mon, 25 Nov 2024 18:04:31 +0000 2024-07-01T17:28:07+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52704092"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/40/92/52704092.cbfbac00.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="140" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the conquest of Britain under Emperor Claudius, the Romans founded the city of "Isca Dumnoniorum" on the site where a Celtic settlement already existed. Numerous sections of the Roman city wall have survived to this day.<br /> <br /> In the 7th century, the city fell to Wessex. An Anglo-Saxon monastery was built here around 680. In 876, the Danes attacked Exeter and occupied it briefly, but Alfred the Great was able to drive them out a year later and had the Roman city wall repaired. In 893, Alfred was able to hold the city against a Danish attack for a second time.<br /> <br /> In 1001, the Danes again failed to take control of Exeter. However, after the town came into the possession of Emma of Normandy in 1002 through her marriage to Æthelred the Unready as part of her dowry, Emma's steward allowed the Danes under Sven Forkbeard to enter Exeter and sack the city the following year.<br /> <br /> In 1050 the seat of the bishopric, formed in 1032 from the bishoprics of Cornwall and Crediton, was transferred to Exeter and Leofric became the first bishop of the bishopric of Exeter.<br /> <br /> In 1068 the town was besieged by Norman troops of William the Conqueror, to whom it had refused to swear allegiance, and surrendered after 18 days. The Norman ruler had the fortress of Rougemont built here. However, the Bishop of Exeter also acted as a landowner and feudal lord, as mentioned in the Domesday Book.<br /> <br /> In the early stages of the civil war that broke out after the death of Henry I, Baldwin de Redvers held Exeter for three months in 1136 against King Stephen, but then surrendered. Henry II granted Exeter its first charter.<br /> <br /> In the 13th century, Exeter developed into the most important city in the southwest of England. It exported tin and cloth, among other things. From 1295 onwards, it sent representatives to the English Parliament.<br /> <br /> Exeter had to survive several more sieges, for example in 1467 during the Wars of the Roses, in 1497 by the pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck and in 1549 by insurgents from Cornwall and Devon who rebelled against the religious reforms of Edward VI, while Exeter remained loyal to the king.<br /> <br /> During the English Civil War (1642-1649), Exeter was initially on the side of the supporters of Parliament, but was conquered by the Royalists in 1643 and held for King Charles I for almost three years.<br /> <br /> Construction of the cathedral began in 1112 in the Norman/Romanesque style. The outer walls of the nave and the two colossal square towers, which now serve as the transept, are still preserved from this building. The architect of the Romanesque predecessor had resorted to this unusual solution because the crossing towers, which had previously been built according to English tradition, had collapsed.<br /> <br /> The new Gothic building began in 1224. The Lady Chapel, a single-nave building with three bays, marked the beginning. Around 1280/90, the retrochoir and the nave followed in the dimensions of the Romanesque church. At about the same time (1270/1280), the chapter house was added to the south transept.<br /> <br /> <br /> The stone pulpit screen was erected between 1317 and 1325. The painted biblical scenes were added in the 17th century. Details.<br /> <br /> The creation of Eve - Noah's ark - Moses crossing the Red Sea.</div> Exeter - Cathedral <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52704092"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/40/92/52704092.cbfbac00.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="140" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the conquest of Britain under Emperor Claudius, the Romans founded the city of "Isca Dumnoniorum" on the site where a Celtic settlement already existed. Numerous sections of the Roman city wall have survived to this day.<br /> <br /> In the 7th century, the city fell to Wessex. An Anglo-Saxon monastery was built here around 680. In 876, the Danes attacked Exeter and occupied it briefly, but Alfred the Great was able to drive them out a year later and had the Roman city wall repaired. In 893, Alfred was able to hold the city against a Danish attack for a second time.<br /> <br /> In 1001, the Danes again failed to take control of Exeter. However, after the town came into the possession of Emma of Normandy in 1002 through her marriage to Æthelred the Unready as part of her dowry, Emma's steward allowed the Danes under Sven Forkbeard to enter Exeter and sack the city the following year.<br /> <br /> In 1050 the seat of the bishopric, formed in 1032 from the bishoprics of Cornwall and Crediton, was transferred to Exeter and Leofric became the first bishop of the bishopric of Exeter.<br /> <br /> In 1068 the town was besieged by Norman troops of William the Conqueror, to whom it had refused to swear allegiance, and surrendered after 18 days. The Norman ruler had the fortress of Rougemont built here. However, the Bishop of Exeter also acted as a landowner and feudal lord, as mentioned in the Domesday Book.<br /> <br /> In the early stages of the civil war that broke out after the death of Henry I, Baldwin de Redvers held Exeter for three months in 1136 against King Stephen, but then surrendered. Henry II granted Exeter its first charter.<br /> <br /> In the 13th century, Exeter developed into the most important city in the southwest of England. It exported tin and cloth, among other things. From 1295 onwards, it sent representatives to the English Parliament.<br /> <br /> Exeter had to survive several more sieges, for example in 1467 during the Wars of the Roses, in 1497 by the pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck and in 1549 by insurgents from Cornwall and Devon who rebelled against the religious reforms of Edward VI, while Exeter remained loyal to the king.<br /> <br /> During the English Civil War (1642-1649), Exeter was initially on the side of the supporters of Parliament, but was conquered by the Royalists in 1643 and held for King Charles I for almost three years.<br /> <br /> Construction of the cathedral began in 1112 in the Norman/Romanesque style. The outer walls of the nave and the two colossal square towers, which now serve as the transept, are still preserved from this building. The architect of the Romanesque predecessor had resorted to this unusual solution because the crossing towers, which had previously been built according to English tradition, had collapsed.<br /> <br /> The new Gothic building began in 1224. The Lady Chapel, a single-nave building with three bays, marked the beginning. Around 1280/90, the retrochoir and the nave followed in the dimensions of the Romanesque church. At about the same time (1270/1280), the chapter house was added to the south transept.<br /> <br /> <br /> The stone pulpit screen was erected between 1317 and 1325. The painted biblical scenes were added in the 17th century. Details.<br /> <br /> The creation of Eve - Noah's ark - Moses crossing the Red Sea.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52704078 tag:ipernity.com,2024-11-25,doc-52704078 Mon, 25 Nov 2024 17:47:02 +0000 2024-07-01T17:27:50+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52704078"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/40/78/52704078.48e4b318.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="171" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the conquest of Britain under Emperor Claudius, the Romans founded the city of "Isca Dumnoniorum" on the site where a Celtic settlement already existed. Numerous sections of the Roman city wall have survived to this day.<br /> <br /> In the 7th century, the city fell to Wessex. An Anglo-Saxon monastery was built here around 680. In 876, the Danes attacked Exeter and occupied it briefly, but Alfred the Great was able to drive them out a year later and had the Roman city wall repaired. In 893, Alfred was able to hold the city against a Danish attack for a second time.<br /> <br /> In 1001, the Danes again failed to take control of Exeter. However, after the town came into the possession of Emma of Normandy in 1002 through her marriage to Æthelred the Unready as part of her dowry, Emma's steward allowed the Danes under Sven Forkbeard to enter Exeter and sack the city the following year.<br /> <br /> In 1050 the seat of the bishopric, formed in 1032 from the bishoprics of Cornwall and Crediton, was transferred to Exeter and Leofric became the first bishop of the bishopric of Exeter.<br /> <br /> In 1068 the town was besieged by Norman troops of William the Conqueror, to whom it had refused to swear allegiance, and surrendered after 18 days. The Norman ruler had the fortress of Rougemont built here. However, the Bishop of Exeter also acted as a landowner and feudal lord, as mentioned in the Domesday Book.<br /> <br /> In the early stages of the civil war that broke out after the death of Henry I, Baldwin de Redvers held Exeter for three months in 1136 against King Stephen, but then surrendered. Henry II granted Exeter its first charter.<br /> <br /> In the 13th century, Exeter developed into the most important city in the southwest of England. It exported tin and cloth, among other things. From 1295 onwards, it sent representatives to the English Parliament.<br /> <br /> Exeter had to survive several more sieges, for example in 1467 during the Wars of the Roses, in 1497 by the pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck and in 1549 by insurgents from Cornwall and Devon who rebelled against the religious reforms of Edward VI, while Exeter remained loyal to the king.<br /> <br /> During the English Civil War (1642-1649), Exeter was initially on the side of the supporters of Parliament, but was conquered by the Royalists in 1643 and held for King Charles I for almost three years.<br /> <br /> Construction of the cathedral began in 1112 in the Norman/Romanesque style. The outer walls of the nave and the two colossal square towers, which now serve as the transept, are still preserved from this building. The architect of the Romanesque predecessor had resorted to this unusual solution because the crossing towers, which had previously been built according to English tradition, had collapsed.<br /> <br /> The new Gothic building began in 1224. The Lady Chapel, a single-nave building with three bays, marked the beginning. Around 1280/90, the retrochoir and the nave followed in the dimensions of the Romanesque church. At about the same time (1270/1280), the chapter house was added to the south transept.<br /> <br /> The cathedral may have the longest uninterrupted vault in the world with a length of approx. 100 metres.<br /> <br /> The stone pulpit screen was erected between 1317 and 1325. The painted Bible scenes were added in the 17th century.</div> Exeter - Cathedral <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52704078"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/40/78/52704078.48e4b318.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="171" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">After the conquest of Britain under Emperor Claudius, the Romans founded the city of "Isca Dumnoniorum" on the site where a Celtic settlement already existed. Numerous sections of the Roman city wall have survived to this day.<br /> <br /> In the 7th century, the city fell to Wessex. An Anglo-Saxon monastery was built here around 680. In 876, the Danes attacked Exeter and occupied it briefly, but Alfred the Great was able to drive them out a year later and had the Roman city wall repaired. In 893, Alfred was able to hold the city against a Danish attack for a second time.<br /> <br /> In 1001, the Danes again failed to take control of Exeter. However, after the town came into the possession of Emma of Normandy in 1002 through her marriage to Æthelred the Unready as part of her dowry, Emma's steward allowed the Danes under Sven Forkbeard to enter Exeter and sack the city the following year.<br /> <br /> In 1050 the seat of the bishopric, formed in 1032 from the bishoprics of Cornwall and Crediton, was transferred to Exeter and Leofric became the first bishop of the bishopric of Exeter.<br /> <br /> In 1068 the town was besieged by Norman troops of William the Conqueror, to whom it had refused to swear allegiance, and surrendered after 18 days. The Norman ruler had the fortress of Rougemont built here. However, the Bishop of Exeter also acted as a landowner and feudal lord, as mentioned in the Domesday Book.<br /> <br /> In the early stages of the civil war that broke out after the death of Henry I, Baldwin de Redvers held Exeter for three months in 1136 against King Stephen, but then surrendered. Henry II granted Exeter its first charter.<br /> <br /> In the 13th century, Exeter developed into the most important city in the southwest of England. It exported tin and cloth, among other things. From 1295 onwards, it sent representatives to the English Parliament.<br /> <br /> Exeter had to survive several more sieges, for example in 1467 during the Wars of the Roses, in 1497 by the pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck and in 1549 by insurgents from Cornwall and Devon who rebelled against the religious reforms of Edward VI, while Exeter remained loyal to the king.<br /> <br /> During the English Civil War (1642-1649), Exeter was initially on the side of the supporters of Parliament, but was conquered by the Royalists in 1643 and held for King Charles I for almost three years.<br /> <br /> Construction of the cathedral began in 1112 in the Norman/Romanesque style. The outer walls of the nave and the two colossal square towers, which now serve as the transept, are still preserved from this building. The architect of the Romanesque predecessor had resorted to this unusual solution because the crossing towers, which had previously been built according to English tradition, had collapsed.<br /> <br /> The new Gothic building began in 1224. The Lady Chapel, a single-nave building with three bays, marked the beginning. Around 1280/90, the retrochoir and the nave followed in the dimensions of the Romanesque church. At about the same time (1270/1280), the chapter house was added to the south transept.<br /> <br /> The cathedral may have the longest uninterrupted vault in the world with a length of approx. 100 metres.<br /> <br /> The stone pulpit screen was erected between 1317 and 1325. The painted Bible scenes were added in the 17th century.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52197610 tag:ipernity.com,2023-11-15,doc-52197610 Wed, 15 Nov 2023 22:54:32 +0000 2023-01-01T14:15:22+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52197610"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/76/10/52197610.b2293263.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="192" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">When the Muslims conquered the area in 714, they recognized the value of this strategic location and built a fortress between two ravines.<br /> <br /> In 1076, Cuenca was unsuccessfully besieged by Sancho Ramírez of Aragon. In 1080 there was a treaty between King Yahya al-Qadir and Alfonso VI. of León and Castile, through which some fortresses were ceded in exchange for military aid.<br /> <br /> Cuenca was then conquered by Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad in 1086. However, when his country was attacked by the Almoravids, he again offered Cuenca to Alfonso in return for military support. The first Christian troops entered the city in 1093. However, the Almoravids conquered it in 1108. As part of the Reconquista, King Alfonso VIII conquered the city from the Moors in 1177 after a nine-month siege. The Diocese of Cuenca was founded in 1183. Alfonso X gave Cuenca the title “ciudad” in 1257.<br /> <br /> Cuenca is divided into two different areas, the Old Town and the New Town. The first is located on a rocky hill bordered on the north by the gorges of the Júcar River and on the south by its tributary, the Huécar River. Cuenca is a vibrant city with a population of about 55.000.<br /> <br /> <br /> The Cathedral, inspired by the early Gothic architecture of Central Europe (Soissons, Laon...), was built between 1196 and 1257, but many changes were made repeatedly in the following centuries. The entire choir area was renovated in the 15th century, and the decor of the apse were only created in the 17th/18th century.<br /> <br /> In 1902, the bell tower collapsed after a lightning strike and damaged the facade, whose reconstruction in the neo-Gothic style, which was not true to the original, began eight years later. The current appearance shows that the structure remains unfinished.</div> Cuenca - Catedral de Santa María y San Julián <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/52197610"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/76/10/52197610.b2293263.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="192" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">When the Muslims conquered the area in 714, they recognized the value of this strategic location and built a fortress between two ravines.<br /> <br /> In 1076, Cuenca was unsuccessfully besieged by Sancho Ramírez of Aragon. In 1080 there was a treaty between King Yahya al-Qadir and Alfonso VI. of León and Castile, through which some fortresses were ceded in exchange for military aid.<br /> <br /> Cuenca was then conquered by Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad in 1086. However, when his country was attacked by the Almoravids, he again offered Cuenca to Alfonso in return for military support. The first Christian troops entered the city in 1093. However, the Almoravids conquered it in 1108. As part of the Reconquista, King Alfonso VIII conquered the city from the Moors in 1177 after a nine-month siege. The Diocese of Cuenca was founded in 1183. Alfonso X gave Cuenca the title “ciudad” in 1257.<br /> <br /> Cuenca is divided into two different areas, the Old Town and the New Town. The first is located on a rocky hill bordered on the north by the gorges of the Júcar River and on the south by its tributary, the Huécar River. Cuenca is a vibrant city with a population of about 55.000.<br /> <br /> <br /> The Cathedral, inspired by the early Gothic architecture of Central Europe (Soissons, Laon...), was built between 1196 and 1257, but many changes were made repeatedly in the following centuries. The entire choir area was renovated in the 15th century, and the decor of the apse were only created in the 17th/18th century.<br /> <br /> In 1902, the bell tower collapsed after a lightning strike and damaged the facade, whose reconstruction in the neo-Gothic style, which was not true to the original, began eight years later. The current appearance shows that the structure remains unfinished.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51935356 tag:ipernity.com,2023-05-27,doc-51935356 Sat, 27 May 2023 21:52:03 +0000 2022-08-01T15:05:06+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51935356"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/53/56/51935356.38c38283.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="173" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">With a victory in the Battle of Lenzen in 929, the Saxens made a significant advance into the dominion of the Slavic tribes. Shortly thereafter, the area around Havelberg was conquered and a castle complex was built on the ridge. Otto I continued the conquest of eastern Elbe areas and founded the bishopric of Havelberg as a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg. The settlement of a bishopric in Havelberg suggests that the place represented a regional center as early as the 10th century and possibly before. As early as 983, a rebellion broke out among Slavic groups, during which the bishopric of Havelberg was conquered. It was not until 1130 that King Lothar III succeeded. to recapture the place. The city was built in the middle of the 12th century, spatially separate from the cathedral district, on a promontory in a bend in the Havel River, that was made to an island for strategic reasons.<br /> <br /> After the re-establishment of the bishopric, the village on the island developed again. The town church St. Laurentius was built in the first half of the 15th century on the foundations of a previous building. The first written mention of the existing town church dates back to 1340. The Reformation came to Havelberg in 1541.<br /> <br /> The church survived the Thirty Years' War and a town fire in 1627 but suffered serious damage. During the restoration that took place in 1660, the tower was completed to its present day.</div> Havelberg - St. Laurentius <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51935356"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/53/56/51935356.38c38283.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="173" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">With a victory in the Battle of Lenzen in 929, the Saxens made a significant advance into the dominion of the Slavic tribes. Shortly thereafter, the area around Havelberg was conquered and a castle complex was built on the ridge. Otto I continued the conquest of eastern Elbe areas and founded the bishopric of Havelberg as a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg. The settlement of a bishopric in Havelberg suggests that the place represented a regional center as early as the 10th century and possibly before. As early as 983, a rebellion broke out among Slavic groups, during which the bishopric of Havelberg was conquered. It was not until 1130 that King Lothar III succeeded. to recapture the place. The city was built in the middle of the 12th century, spatially separate from the cathedral district, on a promontory in a bend in the Havel River, that was made to an island for strategic reasons.<br /> <br /> After the re-establishment of the bishopric, the village on the island developed again. The town church St. Laurentius was built in the first half of the 15th century on the foundations of a previous building. The first written mention of the existing town church dates back to 1340. The Reformation came to Havelberg in 1541.<br /> <br /> The church survived the Thirty Years' War and a town fire in 1627 but suffered serious damage. During the restoration that took place in 1660, the tower was completed to its present day.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51766440 tag:ipernity.com,2023-02-08,doc-51766440 Wed, 08 Feb 2023 21:40:29 +0000 2022-03-01T13:17:53+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51766440"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/64/40/51766440.3a321ce1.240.jpg?r2" width="174" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">When the first barbarian people, the Alemanni invaded northern Italy, "Piacentia" was one of the first major Roman cities to be besieged. The Battle of Piacentia then broke out in front of the city walls in 271, during which the Alemanni inflicted a bitter defeat on the Romans. The fall of the city triggered panic in the capital.<br /> <br /> In 546, Totila subjugated Piacenza. After its conquest by the Franks in the ninth century, the city began to recover, aided by its location along the Via Francigena. Between 997 and 1035 the city was ruled by its bishops, installed by Otto III.<br /> <br /> In the 12th and 13th centuries, Piacenza was an important member of the Lombard League. As a rule, the city remained Guelph, but at times it called upon powerful Ghibellines to aid them against their native tyrants. In 1447 Piacenza was conquered and plundered by Francesco I Sforza. After being occupied by papal troops in 1512, it was united with Parma in 1545 to form a hereditary duchy under Pier Luigi II Farnese, a son of Pope Paul III.<br /> After the preceding "Domus Justinae" in Piacenza had collapsed in 1117 after an earthquake, the "Duomo di Piacenza" (aka "Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta e Santa Giustina") was erected between 1122 and 1233. The cathedral has a total length of 85 m. making it the largest Romanesque church in Emilia-Romagna.<br /> <br /> The pulpit looks much older than it is. It was only created at the end of the 19th century.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> When the first barbarian people, the Alemanni invaded northern Italy, "Piacentia" was one of the first major Roman cities to be besieged. The Battle of Piacentia then broke out in front of the city walls in 271, during which the Alemanni inflicted a bitter defeat on the Romans. The fall of the city triggered panic in the capital.<br /> <br /> In 546, Totila subjugated Piacenza. After its conquest by the Franks in the ninth century, the city began to recover, aided by its location along the Via Francigena. Between 997 and 1035 the city was ruled by its bishops, installed by Otto III.<br /> <br /> In the 12th and 13th centuries, Piacenza was an important member of the Lombard League. As a rule, the city remained Guelph, but at times it called upon powerful Ghibellines to aid them against their native tyrants. In 1447 Piacenza was conquered and plundered by Francesco I Sforza. After being occupied by papal troops in 1512, it was united with Parma in 1545 to form a hereditary duchy under Pier Luigi II Farnese, a son of Pope Paul III.<br /> After the preceding "Domus Justinae" in Piacenza had collapsed in 1117 after an earthquake, the "Duomo di Piacenza" (aka "Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta e Santa Giustina") was erected between 1122 and 1233. The cathedral has a total length of 85 m. making it the largest Romanesque church in Emilia-Romagna.<br /> <br /> The pulpit looks much older than it is. It was only created at the end of the 19th century.</div> Piacenza - Duomo <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51766440"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/64/40/51766440.3a321ce1.240.jpg?r2" width="174" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">When the first barbarian people, the Alemanni invaded northern Italy, "Piacentia" was one of the first major Roman cities to be besieged. The Battle of Piacentia then broke out in front of the city walls in 271, during which the Alemanni inflicted a bitter defeat on the Romans. The fall of the city triggered panic in the capital.<br /> <br /> In 546, Totila subjugated Piacenza. After its conquest by the Franks in the ninth century, the city began to recover, aided by its location along the Via Francigena. Between 997 and 1035 the city was ruled by its bishops, installed by Otto III.<br /> <br /> In the 12th and 13th centuries, Piacenza was an important member of the Lombard League. As a rule, the city remained Guelph, but at times it called upon powerful Ghibellines to aid them against their native tyrants. In 1447 Piacenza was conquered and plundered by Francesco I Sforza. After being occupied by papal troops in 1512, it was united with Parma in 1545 to form a hereditary duchy under Pier Luigi II Farnese, a son of Pope Paul III.<br /> After the preceding "Domus Justinae" in Piacenza had collapsed in 1117 after an earthquake, the "Duomo di Piacenza" (aka "Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta e Santa Giustina") was erected between 1122 and 1233. The cathedral has a total length of 85 m. making it the largest Romanesque church in Emilia-Romagna.<br /> <br /> The pulpit looks much older than it is. It was only created at the end of the 19th century.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> When the first barbarian people, the Alemanni invaded northern Italy, "Piacentia" was one of the first major Roman cities to be besieged. The Battle of Piacentia then broke out in front of the city walls in 271, during which the Alemanni inflicted a bitter defeat on the Romans. The fall of the city triggered panic in the capital.<br /> <br /> In 546, Totila subjugated Piacenza. After its conquest by the Franks in the ninth century, the city began to recover, aided by its location along the Via Francigena. Between 997 and 1035 the city was ruled by its bishops, installed by Otto III.<br /> <br /> In the 12th and 13th centuries, Piacenza was an important member of the Lombard League. As a rule, the city remained Guelph, but at times it called upon powerful Ghibellines to aid them against their native tyrants. In 1447 Piacenza was conquered and plundered by Francesco I Sforza. After being occupied by papal troops in 1512, it was united with Parma in 1545 to form a hereditary duchy under Pier Luigi II Farnese, a son of Pope Paul III.<br /> After the preceding "Domus Justinae" in Piacenza had collapsed in 1117 after an earthquake, the "Duomo di Piacenza" (aka "Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta e Santa Giustina") was erected between 1122 and 1233. The cathedral has a total length of 85 m. making it the largest Romanesque church in Emilia-Romagna.<br /> <br /> The pulpit looks much older than it is. It was only created at the end of the 19th century.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51714360 tag:ipernity.com,2022-12-21,doc-51714360 Wed, 21 Dec 2022 17:03:24 +0000 2022-02-01T18:22:49+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51714360"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/43/60/51714360.81b398fc.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The first historical reference to Fondi dates to 338 BC, at the time of the Latin War, when its inhabitants gained minor Roman citizenship status. The importance of Fondi lay in its position across the old Via Appia, the main roadway from Rome to southern Italy.<br /> <br /> In the 6th century, Fondi was devastated by the Lombards but remained a dominion of the Eastern Roman Empire. Later a part of the Papal States, in 846 it was burnt out by the Saracens they settled there until they were defeated in the naval battle of Circeo of 877.<br /> <br /> In 1140 Fondi passed to the Dell'Aquila family, of Norman heritage, and then, in 1299, to the powerful Caetani barons, who for two centuries made Fondi the center of their power.<br /> <br /> According to tradition, the Church of San Pietro was founded on a temple of Jupiter by believers who converted from paganism through evangelization around Saints Peter and Paul. Later destroyed, it was rebuilt and consecrated in 1138. It was rebuilt and remodeled over the next few centuries, and was consecrated a second time in 1638.<br /> <br /> The pulpit, by Giovanni di Nicola, was moved here from another church at the end of the 15th century and was obviously damaged. It is supported by three small pillars and is partially supported against a pillar in the aisle, having lost its fourth support.<br /> <br /> The ram behind the lion has lost its companion</div> Fondi - Duomo di San Pietro <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51714360"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/43/60/51714360.81b398fc.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The first historical reference to Fondi dates to 338 BC, at the time of the Latin War, when its inhabitants gained minor Roman citizenship status. The importance of Fondi lay in its position across the old Via Appia, the main roadway from Rome to southern Italy.<br /> <br /> In the 6th century, Fondi was devastated by the Lombards but remained a dominion of the Eastern Roman Empire. Later a part of the Papal States, in 846 it was burnt out by the Saracens they settled there until they were defeated in the naval battle of Circeo of 877.<br /> <br /> In 1140 Fondi passed to the Dell'Aquila family, of Norman heritage, and then, in 1299, to the powerful Caetani barons, who for two centuries made Fondi the center of their power.<br /> <br /> According to tradition, the Church of San Pietro was founded on a temple of Jupiter by believers who converted from paganism through evangelization around Saints Peter and Paul. Later destroyed, it was rebuilt and consecrated in 1138. It was rebuilt and remodeled over the next few centuries, and was consecrated a second time in 1638.<br /> <br /> The pulpit, by Giovanni di Nicola, was moved here from another church at the end of the 15th century and was obviously damaged. It is supported by three small pillars and is partially supported against a pillar in the aisle, having lost its fourth support.<br /> <br /> The ram behind the lion has lost its companion</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51713526 tag:ipernity.com,2022-12-20,doc-51713526 Tue, 20 Dec 2022 20:23:26 +0000 2022-02-01T18:21:18+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51713526"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/35/26/51713526.0b187d4c.240.jpg?r2" width="172" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The first historical reference to Fondi dates to 338 BC, at the time of the Latin War, when its inhabitants gained minor Roman citizenship status. The importance of Fondi lay in its position across the old Via Appia, the main roadway from Rome to southern Italy.<br /> <br /> In the 6th century, Fondi was devastated by the Lombards but remained a dominion of the Eastern Roman Empire. Later a part of the Papal States, in 846 it was burnt out by the Saracens they settled there until they were defeated in the naval battle of Circeo of 877.<br /> <br /> In 1140 Fondi passed to the Dell'Aquila family, of Norman heritage, and then, in 1299, to the powerful Caetani barons, who for two centuries made Fondi the center of their power.<br /> <br /> According to tradition, the Church of San Pietro was founded on a temple of Jupiter by believers who converted from paganism through evangelization around Saints Peter and Paul. Later destroyed, it was rebuilt and consecrated in 1138. It was rebuilt and remodeled over the next few centuries, and was consecrated a second time in 1638.<br /> <br /> The pulpit, by Giovanni di Nicola, was moved here from another church at the end of the 15th century and was obviously damaged. It is supported by three small pillars and is partially supported against a pillar in the aisle, having lost its fourth support.<br /> <br /> An interesting couple. It seems that they have a little disagreement.</div> Fondi - Duomo di San Pietro <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51713526"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/35/26/51713526.0b187d4c.240.jpg?r2" width="172" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The first historical reference to Fondi dates to 338 BC, at the time of the Latin War, when its inhabitants gained minor Roman citizenship status. The importance of Fondi lay in its position across the old Via Appia, the main roadway from Rome to southern Italy.<br /> <br /> In the 6th century, Fondi was devastated by the Lombards but remained a dominion of the Eastern Roman Empire. Later a part of the Papal States, in 846 it was burnt out by the Saracens they settled there until they were defeated in the naval battle of Circeo of 877.<br /> <br /> In 1140 Fondi passed to the Dell'Aquila family, of Norman heritage, and then, in 1299, to the powerful Caetani barons, who for two centuries made Fondi the center of their power.<br /> <br /> According to tradition, the Church of San Pietro was founded on a temple of Jupiter by believers who converted from paganism through evangelization around Saints Peter and Paul. Later destroyed, it was rebuilt and consecrated in 1138. It was rebuilt and remodeled over the next few centuries, and was consecrated a second time in 1638.<br /> <br /> The pulpit, by Giovanni di Nicola, was moved here from another church at the end of the 15th century and was obviously damaged. It is supported by three small pillars and is partially supported against a pillar in the aisle, having lost its fourth support.<br /> <br /> An interesting couple. It seems that they have a little disagreement.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51712838 tag:ipernity.com,2022-12-19,doc-51712838 Mon, 19 Dec 2022 21:42:35 +0000 2022-02-01T18:20:24+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51712838"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/28/38/51712838.318e6359.240.jpg?r2" width="180" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The first historical reference to Fondi dates to 338 BC, at the time of the Latin War, when its inhabitants gained minor Roman citizenship status. The importance of Fondi lay in its position across the old Via Appia, the main roadway from Rome to southern Italy.<br /> <br /> In the 6th century, Fondi was devastated by the Lombards but remained a dominion of the Eastern Roman Empire. Later a part of the Papal States, in 846 it was burnt out by the Saracens they settled there until they were defeated in the naval battle of Circeo of 877.<br /> <br /> In 1140 Fondi passed to the Dell'Aquila family, of Norman heritage, and then, in 1299, to the powerful Caetani barons, who for two centuries made Fondi the center of their power.<br /> <br /> According to tradition, the Church of San Pietro was founded on a temple of Jupiter by believers who converted from paganism through evangelization around Saints Peter and Paul. Later destroyed, it was rebuilt and consecrated in 1138. It was rebuilt and remodeled over the next few centuries, and was consecrated a second time in 1638.<br /> <br /> The pulpit, by Giovanni di Nicola, was moved here from another church at the end of the 15th century and was obviously damaged. It is supported by three small pillars and is partially supported against a pillar in the aisle, having lost its fourth support.</div> Fondi - Duomo di San Pietro <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51712838"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/28/38/51712838.318e6359.240.jpg?r2" width="180" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The first historical reference to Fondi dates to 338 BC, at the time of the Latin War, when its inhabitants gained minor Roman citizenship status. The importance of Fondi lay in its position across the old Via Appia, the main roadway from Rome to southern Italy.<br /> <br /> In the 6th century, Fondi was devastated by the Lombards but remained a dominion of the Eastern Roman Empire. Later a part of the Papal States, in 846 it was burnt out by the Saracens they settled there until they were defeated in the naval battle of Circeo of 877.<br /> <br /> In 1140 Fondi passed to the Dell'Aquila family, of Norman heritage, and then, in 1299, to the powerful Caetani barons, who for two centuries made Fondi the center of their power.<br /> <br /> According to tradition, the Church of San Pietro was founded on a temple of Jupiter by believers who converted from paganism through evangelization around Saints Peter and Paul. Later destroyed, it was rebuilt and consecrated in 1138. It was rebuilt and remodeled over the next few centuries, and was consecrated a second time in 1638.<br /> <br /> The pulpit, by Giovanni di Nicola, was moved here from another church at the end of the 15th century and was obviously damaged. It is supported by three small pillars and is partially supported against a pillar in the aisle, having lost its fourth support.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51709280 tag:ipernity.com,2022-12-17,doc-51709280 Sat, 17 Dec 2022 20:57:49 +0000 2022-02-01T21:57:49+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51709280"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/92/80/51709280.06936e54.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="100" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Minturnae (today Minturno) was a regionally important port and trading center in Roman times. The large archaeological excavation site with the remains of temples, thermal baths and an amphitheater lies south of today's city.<br /> <br /> San Pietro Apostolo was built around the 9th century as an extension of a previous building, probably from the 4th-5th century. century, erected. The church was then rebuilt in the 12th century and remodeled in the 16th and 18th centuries. It is known that the inhabitants used the Roman ruins as a quarry for centuries to gain building materials. Spolia can also be found here in the church.<br /> <br /> These two parts of the pulpit seem to be spolia.</div> Minturno - San Pietro Apostolo <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51709280"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/92/80/51709280.06936e54.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="100" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Minturnae (today Minturno) was a regionally important port and trading center in Roman times. The large archaeological excavation site with the remains of temples, thermal baths and an amphitheater lies south of today's city.<br /> <br /> San Pietro Apostolo was built around the 9th century as an extension of a previous building, probably from the 4th-5th century. century, erected. The church was then rebuilt in the 12th century and remodeled in the 16th and 18th centuries. It is known that the inhabitants used the Roman ruins as a quarry for centuries to gain building materials. Spolia can also be found here in the church.<br /> <br /> These two parts of the pulpit seem to be spolia.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51709248 tag:ipernity.com,2022-12-17,doc-51709248 Sat, 17 Dec 2022 20:40:47 +0000 2022-02-01T21:40:47+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51709248"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/92/48/51709248.4fef318a.240.jpg?r2" width="179" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Minturnae (today Minturno) was a regionally important port and trading center in Roman times. The large archaeological excavation site with the remains of temples, thermal baths and an amphitheater lies south of today's city.<br /> <br /> San Pietro Apostolo was built around the 9th century as an extension of a previous building, probably from the 4th-5th century. century, erected. The church was then rebuilt in the 12th century and remodeled in the 16th and 18th centuries. It is known that the inhabitants used the Roman ruins as a quarry for centuries to gain building materials. Spolia can also be found here in the church.<br /> <br /> The pulpit</div> Minturno - San Pietro Apostolo <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51709248"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/92/48/51709248.4fef318a.240.jpg?r2" width="179" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Minturnae (today Minturno) was a regionally important port and trading center in Roman times. The large archaeological excavation site with the remains of temples, thermal baths and an amphitheater lies south of today's city.<br /> <br /> San Pietro Apostolo was built around the 9th century as an extension of a previous building, probably from the 4th-5th century. century, erected. The church was then rebuilt in the 12th century and remodeled in the 16th and 18th centuries. It is known that the inhabitants used the Roman ruins as a quarry for centuries to gain building materials. Spolia can also be found here in the church.<br /> <br /> The pulpit</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51565402 tag:ipernity.com,2022-09-13,doc-51565402 Tue, 13 Sep 2022 15:30:07 +0000 2022-09-01T17:30:07+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51565402"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/02/51565402.84e7e69d.240.jpg?r2" width="172" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In Roman times Ravenna was a lagoon city surrounded by water, with at times up to 50.000 inhabitants. The second largest naval base of the Roman Empire was located here.<br /> <br /> In the late 5th century, Roman authority in the West dissolved, and Romulus Augustulus was deposed by the general Odoacer in 476. Odoacer ruled as king of Italy for 13 years, but in 489 the eastern emperor Zeno sent the Ostrogoth king Theoderic to reconquer Italy. After losing the Battle of Verona, Odoacer retreated to Ravenna, where he withstood a three-year siege. In 493, Theoderic finally took Ravenna and supposedly killed Odoacer with his own hands. Ravenna became the capital of the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy.<br /> Theodoric died in 526 and various Ostrogothic military leaders took the Kingdom of Italy, but none was really successful. Meanwhile, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I opposed both Ostrogoth rule. In 535 his general Belisarius invaded Italy and in 540 conquered Ravenna. After the conquest of Italy was completed in 554, Ravenna became the seat of the Byzantine government in Italy. Under Byzantine rule, the archbishop of the Archdiocese of Ravenna held second place in Italy after the pope and played an important role during this period.<br /> <br /> In 751 Lombard king, Aistulf conquered Ravenna, thus ending Byzantine rule in northern Italy. King Pepin of the Franks attacked the Lombards and Ravenna gradually came under the direct authority of the Popes. Pope Adrian I authorized Charlemagne to take away anything from Ravenna that he liked, and Roman columns, mosaics, statues, and other portable items were taken north to enrich his capital of Aachen.<br /> <br /> In 1198 Ravenna led a league of Romagna cities against the Emperor. After the war of 1218, the Traversari family was able to impose its rule in the city, but after a short period, Ravenna was returned to the Papal States in 1248 and again to the Traversari until 1275. One of the most illustrious residents of Ravenna at this time was the exiled Florentine poet Dante. In 1441 the city was annexed to the Venetian territories.<br /> <br /> The Archbishop's Museum is located just behind the Duomo. It dates back to the first half of the 18th century. During the reconstruction or rebuilding of Ravenna Cathedral the inscriptions, mosaic fragments and stone monuments (from the 6th century onwards) found there were placed in a lapidarium. At the beginning of the 20th century the museum was rebuilt and objects from churches of the diocese were added.<br /> <br /> This pulpit/ambo comes from the church "Santi Giovanni e Paolo", as can be seen from the inscription. The two saints can be seen on the sides. It is dated to about 590 and is similar to the ambo of the cathedral. The Ravenna artists who created this ambo used an ancient sarcophagus cover.<br /> <br /> Find more photos from Ravenna in this album<br /> <a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1330038" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1330038</a></div> Ravenna - Museo arcivescovile <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51565402"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/54/02/51565402.84e7e69d.240.jpg?r2" width="172" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In Roman times Ravenna was a lagoon city surrounded by water, with at times up to 50.000 inhabitants. The second largest naval base of the Roman Empire was located here.<br /> <br /> In the late 5th century, Roman authority in the West dissolved, and Romulus Augustulus was deposed by the general Odoacer in 476. Odoacer ruled as king of Italy for 13 years, but in 489 the eastern emperor Zeno sent the Ostrogoth king Theoderic to reconquer Italy. After losing the Battle of Verona, Odoacer retreated to Ravenna, where he withstood a three-year siege. In 493, Theoderic finally took Ravenna and supposedly killed Odoacer with his own hands. Ravenna became the capital of the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy.<br /> Theodoric died in 526 and various Ostrogothic military leaders took the Kingdom of Italy, but none was really successful. Meanwhile, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I opposed both Ostrogoth rule. In 535 his general Belisarius invaded Italy and in 540 conquered Ravenna. After the conquest of Italy was completed in 554, Ravenna became the seat of the Byzantine government in Italy. Under Byzantine rule, the archbishop of the Archdiocese of Ravenna held second place in Italy after the pope and played an important role during this period.<br /> <br /> In 751 Lombard king, Aistulf conquered Ravenna, thus ending Byzantine rule in northern Italy. King Pepin of the Franks attacked the Lombards and Ravenna gradually came under the direct authority of the Popes. Pope Adrian I authorized Charlemagne to take away anything from Ravenna that he liked, and Roman columns, mosaics, statues, and other portable items were taken north to enrich his capital of Aachen.<br /> <br /> In 1198 Ravenna led a league of Romagna cities against the Emperor. After the war of 1218, the Traversari family was able to impose its rule in the city, but after a short period, Ravenna was returned to the Papal States in 1248 and again to the Traversari until 1275. One of the most illustrious residents of Ravenna at this time was the exiled Florentine poet Dante. In 1441 the city was annexed to the Venetian territories.<br /> <br /> The Archbishop's Museum is located just behind the Duomo. It dates back to the first half of the 18th century. During the reconstruction or rebuilding of Ravenna Cathedral the inscriptions, mosaic fragments and stone monuments (from the 6th century onwards) found there were placed in a lapidarium. At the beginning of the 20th century the museum was rebuilt and objects from churches of the diocese were added.<br /> <br /> This pulpit/ambo comes from the church "Santi Giovanni e Paolo", as can be seen from the inscription. The two saints can be seen on the sides. It is dated to about 590 and is similar to the ambo of the cathedral. The Ravenna artists who created this ambo used an ancient sarcophagus cover.<br /> <br /> Find more photos from Ravenna in this album<br /> <a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1330038" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1330038</a></div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51563900 tag:ipernity.com,2022-09-12,doc-51563900 Mon, 12 Sep 2022 20:22:22 +0000 2021-12-01T12:11:13+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51563900"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/39/00/51563900.ca65c465.240.jpg?r2" width="202" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In Roman times Ravenna was a lagoon city surrounded by water, with at times up to 50.000 inhabitants. The second largest naval base of the Roman Empire was located here.<br /> <br /> In the late 5th century, Roman authority in the West dissolved, and Romulus Augustulus was deposed by the general Odoacer in 476. Odoacer ruled as king of Italy for 13 years, but in 489 the eastern emperor Zeno sent the Ostrogoth king Theoderic to reconquer Italy. After losing the Battle of Verona, Odoacer retreated to Ravenna, where he withstood a three-year siege. In 493, Theoderic finally took Ravenna and supposedly killed Odoacer with his own hands. Ravenna became the capital of the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy.<br /> Theodoric died in 526 and various Ostrogothic military leaders took the Kingdom of Italy, but none was really successful. Meanwhile, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I opposed both Ostrogoth rule. In 535 his general Belisarius invaded Italy and in 540 conquered Ravenna. After the conquest of Italy was completed in 554, Ravenna became the seat of the Byzantine government in Italy. Under Byzantine rule, the archbishop of the Archdiocese of Ravenna held second place in Italy after the pope and played an important role during this period.<br /> <br /> In 751 Lombard king, Aistulf conquered Ravenna, thus ending Byzantine rule in northern Italy. King Pepin of the Franks attacked the Lombards and Ravenna gradually came under the direct authority of the Popes. Pope Adrian I authorized Charlemagne to take away anything from Ravenna that he liked, and Roman columns, mosaics, statues, and other portable items were taken north to enrich his capital of Aachen.<br /> <br /> In 1198 Ravenna led a league of Romagna cities against the Emperor. After the war of 1218, the Traversari family was able to impose its rule in the city, but after a short period, Ravenna was returned to the Papal States in 1248 and again to the Traversari until 1275. One of the most illustrious residents of Ravenna at this time was the exiled Florentine poet Dante. In 1441 the city was annexed to the Venetian territories.<br /> <br /> The construction of the current cathedral of the Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia began with the demolition of the previous building in 1734. The architect Giovan Francesco Buonamici created a Baroque basilica with three naves on the plan of a Latin cross, which was consecrated in 1749.<br /> <br /> The predecessor of the current cathedral was "Basilica Ursiana", whose construction began after the transfer of the capital of the Western Roman Empire from Milan to Ravenna in 402. The founder and builder was Bishop Ursus. It was consecrated in 407. The church was about 60 meters long and 35 meters wide.<br /> <br /> This pulpit made of Greek marble already stood in the Basilica Ursiana.<br /> <br /> It was built between 557 and 570 and was later dismantled and built into the walls of the Baroque choir, until it was reconstructed in 1913. On the 36 rectangular panels of each side, there are bas-reliefs with animals.<br /> <br /> The inscription "SERVVS XPI. AGNELLUS. EPISC.[OPUS] HUNC PYRGUM FECIT" reads "The servant of Christ, Bishop Agnellus made this ambo."<br /> <br /> <br /> Find more photos from Ravenna in this album<br /> <a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1330038" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1330038</a></div> Ravenna - Duomo <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51563900"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/39/00/51563900.ca65c465.240.jpg?r2" width="202" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">In Roman times Ravenna was a lagoon city surrounded by water, with at times up to 50.000 inhabitants. The second largest naval base of the Roman Empire was located here.<br /> <br /> In the late 5th century, Roman authority in the West dissolved, and Romulus Augustulus was deposed by the general Odoacer in 476. Odoacer ruled as king of Italy for 13 years, but in 489 the eastern emperor Zeno sent the Ostrogoth king Theoderic to reconquer Italy. After losing the Battle of Verona, Odoacer retreated to Ravenna, where he withstood a three-year siege. In 493, Theoderic finally took Ravenna and supposedly killed Odoacer with his own hands. Ravenna became the capital of the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy.<br /> Theodoric died in 526 and various Ostrogothic military leaders took the Kingdom of Italy, but none was really successful. Meanwhile, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I opposed both Ostrogoth rule. In 535 his general Belisarius invaded Italy and in 540 conquered Ravenna. After the conquest of Italy was completed in 554, Ravenna became the seat of the Byzantine government in Italy. Under Byzantine rule, the archbishop of the Archdiocese of Ravenna held second place in Italy after the pope and played an important role during this period.<br /> <br /> In 751 Lombard king, Aistulf conquered Ravenna, thus ending Byzantine rule in northern Italy. King Pepin of the Franks attacked the Lombards and Ravenna gradually came under the direct authority of the Popes. Pope Adrian I authorized Charlemagne to take away anything from Ravenna that he liked, and Roman columns, mosaics, statues, and other portable items were taken north to enrich his capital of Aachen.<br /> <br /> In 1198 Ravenna led a league of Romagna cities against the Emperor. After the war of 1218, the Traversari family was able to impose its rule in the city, but after a short period, Ravenna was returned to the Papal States in 1248 and again to the Traversari until 1275. One of the most illustrious residents of Ravenna at this time was the exiled Florentine poet Dante. In 1441 the city was annexed to the Venetian territories.<br /> <br /> The construction of the current cathedral of the Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia began with the demolition of the previous building in 1734. The architect Giovan Francesco Buonamici created a Baroque basilica with three naves on the plan of a Latin cross, which was consecrated in 1749.<br /> <br /> The predecessor of the current cathedral was "Basilica Ursiana", whose construction began after the transfer of the capital of the Western Roman Empire from Milan to Ravenna in 402. The founder and builder was Bishop Ursus. It was consecrated in 407. The church was about 60 meters long and 35 meters wide.<br /> <br /> This pulpit made of Greek marble already stood in the Basilica Ursiana.<br /> <br /> It was built between 557 and 570 and was later dismantled and built into the walls of the Baroque choir, until it was reconstructed in 1913. On the 36 rectangular panels of each side, there are bas-reliefs with animals.<br /> <br /> The inscription "SERVVS XPI. AGNELLUS. EPISC.[OPUS] HUNC PYRGUM FECIT" reads "The servant of Christ, Bishop Agnellus made this ambo."<br /> <br /> <br /> Find more photos from Ravenna in this album<br /> <a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1330038" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1330038</a></div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51540522 tag:ipernity.com,2022-09-01,doc-51540522 Thu, 01 Sep 2022 21:29:17 +0000 2021-12-01T15:34:05+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51540522"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/05/22/51540522.502b8bf3.240.jpg?r2" width="174" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Modena, an Etruscan foundation, was an important city in the Roman Empire and a stronghold against the barbarian attacks at its end. It is said that it was never sacked by Attila, for a dense fog hid it (a miracle said to be provided by Saint Geminianus, patron of Modena), but it was eventually buried by a great flood in the 7th century and abandoned.<br /> <br /> Towards the end of the 9th century, Modena was rebuilt and fortified by its bishop Ludovicus. When the construction of the cathedral began in 1099, the city was part of the possessions of Margravine Matilda of Tuscia. But when the building was consecrated by Lucius III in 1184, it was a free commune. In the wars between Frederick II and Gregory IX, it sided with the emperor.<br /> <br /> Two churches built since the 5th century on the site of the present cathedral were both destroyed when Modena got resettled.<br /> <br /> A church was erected that soon was too small and a large cathedral was planned. Work on the present cathedral began in 1099 under the direction of the master builder Lanfranco. The first stone was laid in 1099 with the support of Matilda of Tuscia. A plaque outside the main apse gives 23 May 1099 as the date of the foundation of the new Modena Cathedral and also the name of the architect Lanfranco. The cathedral was consecrated by Pope Lucius III in 1184. However, the cathedral was not completed until 1322.<br /> <br /> The original structure of the 14th century pulpit is largely affected by interventions, especially from the 15th century, which completely replaced the reliefs.<br /> The original artist was Enrico da Campione, who built the pulpit in 1322 after completing the construction of the Ghirlandina in 1319.</div> Modena - Duomo <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51540522"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/05/22/51540522.502b8bf3.240.jpg?r2" width="174" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Modena, an Etruscan foundation, was an important city in the Roman Empire and a stronghold against the barbarian attacks at its end. It is said that it was never sacked by Attila, for a dense fog hid it (a miracle said to be provided by Saint Geminianus, patron of Modena), but it was eventually buried by a great flood in the 7th century and abandoned.<br /> <br /> Towards the end of the 9th century, Modena was rebuilt and fortified by its bishop Ludovicus. When the construction of the cathedral began in 1099, the city was part of the possessions of Margravine Matilda of Tuscia. But when the building was consecrated by Lucius III in 1184, it was a free commune. In the wars between Frederick II and Gregory IX, it sided with the emperor.<br /> <br /> Two churches built since the 5th century on the site of the present cathedral were both destroyed when Modena got resettled.<br /> <br /> A church was erected that soon was too small and a large cathedral was planned. Work on the present cathedral began in 1099 under the direction of the master builder Lanfranco. The first stone was laid in 1099 with the support of Matilda of Tuscia. A plaque outside the main apse gives 23 May 1099 as the date of the foundation of the new Modena Cathedral and also the name of the architect Lanfranco. The cathedral was consecrated by Pope Lucius III in 1184. However, the cathedral was not completed until 1322.<br /> <br /> The original structure of the 14th century pulpit is largely affected by interventions, especially from the 15th century, which completely replaced the reliefs.<br /> The original artist was Enrico da Campione, who built the pulpit in 1322 after completing the construction of the Ghirlandina in 1319.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51325742 tag:ipernity.com,2022-05-17,doc-51325742 Tue, 17 May 2022 11:50:52 +0000 2021-09-01T13:11:33+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51325742"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/57/42/51325742.972d778f.240.jpg?r2" width="153" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The history of Wroclaw dates back more than a thousand years. At various times, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Habsburg monarchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Prussia, and Germany. Wrocław became part of Poland again in 1945 as part of the result of extensive border changes and expulsions after WWII.<br /> <br /> In 990 Mieszko I of Poland conquered Silesia and Wrocław. The town became a commercial center. In the 12th century Polish, Bohemian, Jewish, Walloon, and German communities existed here.<br /> <br /> Wroclaw was devastated in 1241 during the first Mongol invasion of Poland. In the 13th century due to migration from Saxony and Bavaria, Wroclaw got germanised. The population adopted the German language and culture and the name changed to Breslau.<br /> <br /> Between 1342 and 1344 two fires destroyed large parts of the city, which was a part of the Bohemian Kingdom at that time. Charles IV`s , successors Wenceslaus and Sigismund became involved in a long-lasting feud with the city and its magistrate, culminating in the revolt in 1418 when local craftsmen killed seven councilors.<br /> <br /> After the city had defeated the Bohemian Hussites the city was besieged by a combined Polish-Czech force in 1474, however, a ceasefire was signed, according to which the city remained under Hungarian rule.<br /> <br /> The Reformation reached Breslau already in 1518, and in 1523 the town council unanimously appointed a new pastor and thus introduced the Reformation in Breslau.<br /> <br /> In 1526, the Habsburg monarchy of Austria inherited Bohemia, Silesia, and the city of Breslau. In 1609 German emperor Rudolf II granted the free exercise of church services to all Bohemian and Silesian Protestants. In the following Thirty Years' War, the city suffered badly. It was occupied by Saxon and Swedish troops and lost 18,000 of its 40,000 residents to the plague.<br /> <br /> The Counter-Reformation had started with Rudolf II who encouraged Catholic orders to settle in Breslau. The dominance of the German population under the Habsburg rule in the city became more visible, while the Polish population diminished in numbers.<br /> <br /> After Frederick the Great besieged the city for a year, it surrendered in 1741. In 1742, Queen Maria Theresa handed over Silesia to the Prussian king.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The church was built around 1250 as a monastery church of the Wroclaw branch of the "Knights of the Cross with the Red Star". The monastery complex included a hospital for the sick, the poor, and orphans.<br /> <br /> Catholic priest, physician, and religious poet Angelus Silesius, born Johann Scheffler, converted here to Catholicism in 1653. He spent the last decade of his life in the monastery.<br /> <br /> Heavily damaged in WWII the church was later restored close to its original state.<br /> <br /> The pulpit</div> Wroclaw - Kościół św. Macieja <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/51325742"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/57/42/51325742.972d778f.240.jpg?r2" width="153" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The history of Wroclaw dates back more than a thousand years. At various times, it has been part of the Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Habsburg monarchy of Austria, the Kingdom of Prussia, and Germany. Wrocław became part of Poland again in 1945 as part of the result of extensive border changes and expulsions after WWII.<br /> <br /> In 990 Mieszko I of Poland conquered Silesia and Wrocław. The town became a commercial center. In the 12th century Polish, Bohemian, Jewish, Walloon, and German communities existed here.<br /> <br /> Wroclaw was devastated in 1241 during the first Mongol invasion of Poland. In the 13th century due to migration from Saxony and Bavaria, Wroclaw got germanised. The population adopted the German language and culture and the name changed to Breslau.<br /> <br /> Between 1342 and 1344 two fires destroyed large parts of the city, which was a part of the Bohemian Kingdom at that time. Charles IV`s , successors Wenceslaus and Sigismund became involved in a long-lasting feud with the city and its magistrate, culminating in the revolt in 1418 when local craftsmen killed seven councilors.<br /> <br /> After the city had defeated the Bohemian Hussites the city was besieged by a combined Polish-Czech force in 1474, however, a ceasefire was signed, according to which the city remained under Hungarian rule.<br /> <br /> The Reformation reached Breslau already in 1518, and in 1523 the town council unanimously appointed a new pastor and thus introduced the Reformation in Breslau.<br /> <br /> In 1526, the Habsburg monarchy of Austria inherited Bohemia, Silesia, and the city of Breslau. In 1609 German emperor Rudolf II granted the free exercise of church services to all Bohemian and Silesian Protestants. In the following Thirty Years' War, the city suffered badly. It was occupied by Saxon and Swedish troops and lost 18,000 of its 40,000 residents to the plague.<br /> <br /> The Counter-Reformation had started with Rudolf II who encouraged Catholic orders to settle in Breslau. The dominance of the German population under the Habsburg rule in the city became more visible, while the Polish population diminished in numbers.<br /> <br /> After Frederick the Great besieged the city for a year, it surrendered in 1741. In 1742, Queen Maria Theresa handed over Silesia to the Prussian king.<br /> -<br /> <br /> The church was built around 1250 as a monastery church of the Wroclaw branch of the "Knights of the Cross with the Red Star". The monastery complex included a hospital for the sick, the poor, and orphans.<br /> <br /> Catholic priest, physician, and religious poet Angelus Silesius, born Johann Scheffler, converted here to Catholicism in 1653. He spent the last decade of his life in the monastery.<br /> <br /> Heavily damaged in WWII the church was later restored close to its original state.<br /> <br /> The pulpit</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50475236 tag:ipernity.com,2020-11-11,doc-50475236 Wed, 11 Nov 2020 14:11:41 +0000 2019-11-01T00:00:00+01:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50475236"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/52/36/50475236.28e1bd05.240.jpg?r2" width="176" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The area around the modern Altamura (pop 70.000) was inhabited in early times. There are Bronze Age tumuli and between the 6th and the 3rd century BC a massive line of megalithic walls was erected. This (later Roman) city was inhabited until the 10th century when it was reportedly looted by Saracens. A couple of centuries after Altamura was reportedly looted by the Saracens, it started to be inhabited again as Emperor Frederick II refounded the city (1232) and ordered the construction of the large Altamura Cathedral, which became one of the most venerated sanctuaries in Apulia.<br /> <br /> Altamura was ruled by various feudal families, including the Orsini del Balzo and the Farnese (1538–1734), the latter responsible for the construction of numerous palaces and churches. In the past, Altamura also had a large castle, whose construction dated back to the 11th-13th century, which has been completely demolished.<br /> <br /> Altamura Cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta) was founded by Emperor Frederick II in 1232. In 1248, under pressure from Frederick, Pope Innocent IV declared Altamura exempt from the jurisdiction of the bishop of Bari, making it a "palatine church", that is the equivalent of a palace chapel. After heavy damage caused by an earthquake in 1316, it was renovated by Robert of Anjou.<br /> <br /> Major changes were made to the cathedral in 1534, including switching the front and back around! The cathedral's main facade originally faced west but it now faces east.<br /> <br /> The 16th century pulpit.</div> Altamura - Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50475236"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/52/36/50475236.28e1bd05.240.jpg?r2" width="176" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">The area around the modern Altamura (pop 70.000) was inhabited in early times. There are Bronze Age tumuli and between the 6th and the 3rd century BC a massive line of megalithic walls was erected. This (later Roman) city was inhabited until the 10th century when it was reportedly looted by Saracens. A couple of centuries after Altamura was reportedly looted by the Saracens, it started to be inhabited again as Emperor Frederick II refounded the city (1232) and ordered the construction of the large Altamura Cathedral, which became one of the most venerated sanctuaries in Apulia.<br /> <br /> Altamura was ruled by various feudal families, including the Orsini del Balzo and the Farnese (1538–1734), the latter responsible for the construction of numerous palaces and churches. In the past, Altamura also had a large castle, whose construction dated back to the 11th-13th century, which has been completely demolished.<br /> <br /> Altamura Cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta) was founded by Emperor Frederick II in 1232. In 1248, under pressure from Frederick, Pope Innocent IV declared Altamura exempt from the jurisdiction of the bishop of Bari, making it a "palatine church", that is the equivalent of a palace chapel. After heavy damage caused by an earthquake in 1316, it was renovated by Robert of Anjou.<br /> <br /> Major changes were made to the cathedral in 1534, including switching the front and back around! The cathedral's main facade originally faced west but it now faces east.<br /> <br /> The 16th century pulpit.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50333140 tag:ipernity.com,2020-09-05,doc-50333140 Sat, 05 Sep 2020 21:23:21 +0000 2019-10-01T00:00:00+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50333140"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/31/40/50333140.07a9c014.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Bari was an early settlement and passed under Roman rule in the 3rd century BC. It developed strategic significance as the point of junction between the coast road and the Via Traiana and as a port for eastward trade. The first bishop of Bari was Gervasius who is known from the Council of Sardica in 347.<br /> <br /> After the decline of the Roman Empire, the town was devasted and taken by Alaric´s Visigothic troops, then was under Lombardian rule, before the Byzantines took over. In 755 it was conquered by Pepin the Short (Charlemagne´s father) and from 847 on it was an Islamic Emirate. The Byzantine fleet returned in 871 and since 885 Bari ws the residence of the local Byzantine governor.<br /> <br /> Following a three-year siege, Bari was captured by Robert Guiscard in 1071. After the relics of Saint Nicholas, which were surreptitiously brought from Myra in Lycia (Byzantine territory), arrived in Bari, the Basilica di San Nicola was founded in 1087. This attracted pilgrims, whose encouragement and care became central to the economy of Bari. Pope Urban II consecrated the Basilica in 1089. In 1096 a crusader army embarked in the port of Bari for the First Crusade.<br /> <br /> After the murder of archbishop Griso in 1117 a civil war broke our and the control was seized by Grimoald Alferanites, a native Lombard, in opposition to the Normans. He later did homage to Roger II of Sicily, but rebelled and was defeated in 1132.<br /> <br /> The Castello Normanno-Svevo (aka "Castello di Bari") was probably built around 1132 by Norman King Roger II. When in 1155 the Baresi rebelled against the Normans, the castle got destroyed, so as a retaliatory action, William I of Sicily (aka William the Wicked") had the city destroyed except for the cathedral and the Basilica of St. Nicola.<br /> <br /> Bari recovered and had its heydays under Frederick II. When he returned from his crusade after 1229, the city gates were locked so he had to use force to gain entry. Therefore, he probably had the fort built in 1233 to keep the city in check. On the other hand, he granted the city generous trade privileges and left it the leading role in the region.<br /> <br /> -<br /> <br /> The construction of the "Cattedrale di San Sabino" (aka "Bari Cathedral" started around 1170 on. The cathedral is the seat of the Archbishop of Bari-Bitonto. It is dedicated to Saint Sabinus, a bishop of Canosa, whose relics were brought here in the 9th century.<br /> It was erected on the site of the ruins of the Imperial Byzantine cathedral, destroyed in 1156 by William I of Sicily with the rest of the city.<br /> <br /> For the reconstruction of the cathedral materials from the preceding church and other destroyed buildings got reused. During the 18th century the façade, the nave and aisles and the crypt were refurbished in Baroque style. The building later underwent a series of refurbishments, demolitions and extensions. The original Romanesque appearance of the interior was restored in the 1950s.<br /> <br /> The pulpit or ambo exists since 1955, when it was created from remains of at least two older pulpits. One from the 11th century and one from the 13th century, but some parts of today's pulpit may have come from other sources. Here is a detail. Obviously the carving was never finished.</div> Bari - Cattedrale di San Sabino <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50333140"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/31/40/50333140.07a9c014.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="180" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Bari was an early settlement and passed under Roman rule in the 3rd century BC. It developed strategic significance as the point of junction between the coast road and the Via Traiana and as a port for eastward trade. The first bishop of Bari was Gervasius who is known from the Council of Sardica in 347.<br /> <br /> After the decline of the Roman Empire, the town was devasted and taken by Alaric´s Visigothic troops, then was under Lombardian rule, before the Byzantines took over. In 755 it was conquered by Pepin the Short (Charlemagne´s father) and from 847 on it was an Islamic Emirate. The Byzantine fleet returned in 871 and since 885 Bari ws the residence of the local Byzantine governor.<br /> <br /> Following a three-year siege, Bari was captured by Robert Guiscard in 1071. After the relics of Saint Nicholas, which were surreptitiously brought from Myra in Lycia (Byzantine territory), arrived in Bari, the Basilica di San Nicola was founded in 1087. This attracted pilgrims, whose encouragement and care became central to the economy of Bari. Pope Urban II consecrated the Basilica in 1089. In 1096 a crusader army embarked in the port of Bari for the First Crusade.<br /> <br /> After the murder of archbishop Griso in 1117 a civil war broke our and the control was seized by Grimoald Alferanites, a native Lombard, in opposition to the Normans. He later did homage to Roger II of Sicily, but rebelled and was defeated in 1132.<br /> <br /> The Castello Normanno-Svevo (aka "Castello di Bari") was probably built around 1132 by Norman King Roger II. When in 1155 the Baresi rebelled against the Normans, the castle got destroyed, so as a retaliatory action, William I of Sicily (aka William the Wicked") had the city destroyed except for the cathedral and the Basilica of St. Nicola.<br /> <br /> Bari recovered and had its heydays under Frederick II. When he returned from his crusade after 1229, the city gates were locked so he had to use force to gain entry. Therefore, he probably had the fort built in 1233 to keep the city in check. On the other hand, he granted the city generous trade privileges and left it the leading role in the region.<br /> <br /> -<br /> <br /> The construction of the "Cattedrale di San Sabino" (aka "Bari Cathedral" started around 1170 on. The cathedral is the seat of the Archbishop of Bari-Bitonto. It is dedicated to Saint Sabinus, a bishop of Canosa, whose relics were brought here in the 9th century.<br /> It was erected on the site of the ruins of the Imperial Byzantine cathedral, destroyed in 1156 by William I of Sicily with the rest of the city.<br /> <br /> For the reconstruction of the cathedral materials from the preceding church and other destroyed buildings got reused. During the 18th century the façade, the nave and aisles and the crypt were refurbished in Baroque style. The building later underwent a series of refurbishments, demolitions and extensions. The original Romanesque appearance of the interior was restored in the 1950s.<br /> <br /> The pulpit or ambo exists since 1955, when it was created from remains of at least two older pulpits. One from the 11th century and one from the 13th century, but some parts of today's pulpit may have come from other sources. Here is a detail. Obviously the carving was never finished.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50333130 tag:ipernity.com,2020-09-05,doc-50333130 Sat, 05 Sep 2020 21:12:31 +0000 2019-10-01T00:00:00+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50333130"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/31/30/50333130.d7f0e5e5.240.jpg?r2" width="169" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Bari was an early settlement and passed under Roman rule in the 3rd century BC. It developed strategic significance as the point of junction between the coast road and the Via Traiana and as a port for eastward trade. The first bishop of Bari was Gervasius who is known from the Council of Sardica in 347.<br /> <br /> After the decline of the Roman Empire, the town was devasted and taken by Alaric´s Visigothic troops, then was under Lombardian rule, before the Byzantines took over. In 755 it was conquered by Pepin the Short (Charlemagne´s father) and from 847 on it was an Islamic Emirate. The Byzantine fleet returned in 871 and since 885 Bari ws the residence of the local Byzantine governor.<br /> <br /> Following a three-year siege, Bari was captured by Robert Guiscard in 1071. After the relics of Saint Nicholas, which were surreptitiously brought from Myra in Lycia (Byzantine territory), arrived in Bari, the Basilica di San Nicola was founded in 1087. This attracted pilgrims, whose encouragement and care became central to the economy of Bari. Pope Urban II consecrated the Basilica in 1089. In 1096 a crusader army embarked in the port of Bari for the First Crusade.<br /> <br /> After the murder of archbishop Griso in 1117 a civil war broke our and the control was seized by Grimoald Alferanites, a native Lombard, in opposition to the Normans. He later did homage to Roger II of Sicily, but rebelled and was defeated in 1132.<br /> <br /> The Castello Normanno-Svevo (aka "Castello di Bari") was probably built around 1132 by Norman King Roger II. When in 1155 the Baresi rebelled against the Normans, the castle got destroyed, so as a retaliatory action, William I of Sicily (aka William the Wicked") had the city destroyed except for the cathedral and the Basilica of St. Nicola.<br /> <br /> Bari recovered and had its heydays under Frederick II. When he returned from his crusade after 1229, the city gates were locked so he had to use force to gain entry. Therefore, he probably had the fort built in 1233 to keep the city in check. On the other hand, he granted the city generous trade privileges and left it the leading role in the region.<br /> <br /> -<br /> <br /> The construction of the "Cattedrale di San Sabino" (aka "Bari Cathedral" started around 1170 on. The cathedral is the seat of the Archbishop of Bari-Bitonto. It is dedicated to Saint Sabinus, a bishop of Canosa, whose relics were brought here in the 9th century.<br /> It was erected on the site of the ruins of the Imperial Byzantine cathedral, destroyed in 1156 by William I of Sicily with the rest of the city.<br /> <br /> For the reconstruction of the cathedral materials from the preceding church and other destroyed buildings got reused. During the 18th century the façade, the nave and aisles and the crypt were refurbished in Baroque style. The building later underwent a series of refurbishments, demolitions and extensions. The original Romanesque appearance of the interior was restored in the 1950s.<br /> <br /> The pulpit or ambo exists since 1955, when it was created from remains of at least two older pulpits. One from the 11th century and one from the 13th century, but some parts of today's pulpit may have come from other sources. So it looks a little strange, glued together.</div> Bari - Cattedrale di San Sabino <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50333130"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/31/30/50333130.d7f0e5e5.240.jpg?r2" width="169" height="240" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Bari was an early settlement and passed under Roman rule in the 3rd century BC. It developed strategic significance as the point of junction between the coast road and the Via Traiana and as a port for eastward trade. The first bishop of Bari was Gervasius who is known from the Council of Sardica in 347.<br /> <br /> After the decline of the Roman Empire, the town was devasted and taken by Alaric´s Visigothic troops, then was under Lombardian rule, before the Byzantines took over. In 755 it was conquered by Pepin the Short (Charlemagne´s father) and from 847 on it was an Islamic Emirate. The Byzantine fleet returned in 871 and since 885 Bari ws the residence of the local Byzantine governor.<br /> <br /> Following a three-year siege, Bari was captured by Robert Guiscard in 1071. After the relics of Saint Nicholas, which were surreptitiously brought from Myra in Lycia (Byzantine territory), arrived in Bari, the Basilica di San Nicola was founded in 1087. This attracted pilgrims, whose encouragement and care became central to the economy of Bari. Pope Urban II consecrated the Basilica in 1089. In 1096 a crusader army embarked in the port of Bari for the First Crusade.<br /> <br /> After the murder of archbishop Griso in 1117 a civil war broke our and the control was seized by Grimoald Alferanites, a native Lombard, in opposition to the Normans. He later did homage to Roger II of Sicily, but rebelled and was defeated in 1132.<br /> <br /> The Castello Normanno-Svevo (aka "Castello di Bari") was probably built around 1132 by Norman King Roger II. When in 1155 the Baresi rebelled against the Normans, the castle got destroyed, so as a retaliatory action, William I of Sicily (aka William the Wicked") had the city destroyed except for the cathedral and the Basilica of St. Nicola.<br /> <br /> Bari recovered and had its heydays under Frederick II. When he returned from his crusade after 1229, the city gates were locked so he had to use force to gain entry. Therefore, he probably had the fort built in 1233 to keep the city in check. On the other hand, he granted the city generous trade privileges and left it the leading role in the region.<br /> <br /> -<br /> <br /> The construction of the "Cattedrale di San Sabino" (aka "Bari Cathedral" started around 1170 on. The cathedral is the seat of the Archbishop of Bari-Bitonto. It is dedicated to Saint Sabinus, a bishop of Canosa, whose relics were brought here in the 9th century.<br /> It was erected on the site of the ruins of the Imperial Byzantine cathedral, destroyed in 1156 by William I of Sicily with the rest of the city.<br /> <br /> For the reconstruction of the cathedral materials from the preceding church and other destroyed buildings got reused. During the 18th century the façade, the nave and aisles and the crypt were refurbished in Baroque style. The building later underwent a series of refurbishments, demolitions and extensions. The original Romanesque appearance of the interior was restored in the 1950s.<br /> <br /> The pulpit or ambo exists since 1955, when it was created from remains of at least two older pulpits. One from the 11th century and one from the 13th century, but some parts of today's pulpit may have come from other sources. So it looks a little strange, glued together.</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50257976 tag:ipernity.com,2020-08-11,doc-50257976 Tue, 11 Aug 2020 19:57:12 +0000 2019-10-01T00:00:00+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50257976"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/79/76/50257976.a90e107c.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="192" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Troia was probably founded by Greek settlers under the name of Aecae. The current Troia was founded as a fortified town in 1018 the by the Byzantine general Basil Boiannes. For long it was a stronghold against the Normans and got besieged by the emperors Henry II and Frederick II, who destroyed the town in 1229.<br /> <br /> He did not touch the "Concattedrale della Beata Vergine Maria Assunta in Cielo", erected in the first quarter of the 12th century where a Byzantine church formerly stood, that was apparently constructed largely from the remains of Roman buildings.<br /> <br /> The Concattedrale di Troia, once the seat of the Bishops of Troia, now a co-cathedral in the diocese of Lucera-Troia, is reckoned a masterpiece of Apulian Romanesque architecture.<br /> <br /> In particular it is noted for the bronze doors of the main portal and the side portal, created in 1119 by Oderisio da Benevento in niello technique.<br /> <br /> The pulpit of the concathedral is pretty unique, as following the inscription, it was created in 1169. The relief on the left side maybe even some decades older and got "reused" here. A lion devouring a sheep gets attacked by a dog(?).</div> Troia - Concattedrale di Troia <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50257976"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/79/76/50257976.a90e107c.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="192" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Troia was probably founded by Greek settlers under the name of Aecae. The current Troia was founded as a fortified town in 1018 the by the Byzantine general Basil Boiannes. For long it was a stronghold against the Normans and got besieged by the emperors Henry II and Frederick II, who destroyed the town in 1229.<br /> <br /> He did not touch the "Concattedrale della Beata Vergine Maria Assunta in Cielo", erected in the first quarter of the 12th century where a Byzantine church formerly stood, that was apparently constructed largely from the remains of Roman buildings.<br /> <br /> The Concattedrale di Troia, once the seat of the Bishops of Troia, now a co-cathedral in the diocese of Lucera-Troia, is reckoned a masterpiece of Apulian Romanesque architecture.<br /> <br /> In particular it is noted for the bronze doors of the main portal and the side portal, created in 1119 by Oderisio da Benevento in niello technique.<br /> <br /> The pulpit of the concathedral is pretty unique, as following the inscription, it was created in 1169. The relief on the left side maybe even some decades older and got "reused" here. A lion devouring a sheep gets attacked by a dog(?).</div> Martin M. Miles https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50256568 tag:ipernity.com,2020-08-11,doc-50256568 Tue, 11 Aug 2020 11:56:42 +0000 2019-10-01T00:00:00+02:00 nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50256568"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/65/68/50256568.feca33f4.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="174" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Troia was probably founded by Greek settlers under the name of Aecae. The current Troia was founded as a fortified town in 1018 the by the Byzantine general Basil Boiannes. For long it was a stronghold against the Normans and got besieged by the emperors Henry II and Frederick II, who destroyed the town in 1229.<br /> <br /> He did not touch the "Concattedrale della Beata Vergine Maria Assunta in Cielo", erected in the first quarter of the 12th century where a Byzantine church formerly stood, that was apparently constructed largely from the remains of Roman buildings.<br /> <br /> The Concattedrale di Troia, once the seat of the Bishops of Troia, now a co-cathedral in the diocese of Lucera-Troia, is reckoned a masterpiece of Apulian Romanesque architecture.<br /> <br /> In particular it is noted for the bronze doors of the main portal and the side portal, created in 1119 by Oderisio da Benevento in niello technique.<br /> <br /> The pulpit of the concathedral is pretty unique, as following the inscription, it was created in 1169. That means it is older than similar pulpits further north (eg Pianella).</div> Troia - Concattedrale di Troia <p class="who"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/323415">Martin M. Miles</a> has posted:</p><p class="preview"><a href="https://www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/50256568"><img src="https://cdn.ipernity.com/200/65/68/50256568.feca33f4.240.jpg?r2" width="240" height="174" alt=""/></a></p><div class="description">Troia was probably founded by Greek settlers under the name of Aecae. The current Troia was founded as a fortified town in 1018 the by the Byzantine general Basil Boiannes. For long it was a stronghold against the Normans and got besieged by the emperors Henry II and Frederick II, who destroyed the town in 1229.<br /> <br /> He did not touch the "Concattedrale della Beata Vergine Maria Assunta in Cielo", erected in the first quarter of the 12th century where a Byzantine church formerly stood, that was apparently constructed largely from the remains of Roman buildings.<br /> <br /> The Concattedrale di Troia, once the seat of the Bishops of Troia, now a co-cathedral in the diocese of Lucera-Troia, is reckoned a masterpiece of Apulian Romanesque architecture.<br /> <br /> In particular it is noted for the bronze doors of the main portal and the side portal, created in 1119 by Oderisio da Benevento in niello technique.<br /> <br /> The pulpit of the concathedral is pretty unique, as following the inscription, it was created in 1169. That means it is older than similar pulpits further north (eg Pianella).</div> Martin M. Miles