Photos, videos and docs of Martin M. Miles, with the keywords: "westwork"

Frose - St. Cyriakus

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Wed, 14 Jun 2023 11:36:11 +0000

A monastery may have been founded in Frose by Ludwig the German, son of Louis the Pious, in the 9th century. In 936, Frose was mentioned again in a document by Otto I. and handed over to Margrave Gero. Around 960/61, this converted into a canon monastery and was incorporated as a provost into his newly founded Gernrode monastery. It thus lost its formal independence.

The collegiate church was built around 1170 as a flat-roofed basilica, replacing a structure proven by excavations. It has a west building with two towers and semicircular apses on the transept arms and on the choir. In the 13th century changes were made to the west building and the choir.

Thomas Müntzer was provost here between 1515 and 1516. He was an early Reformation theologian and the leading reformer who rejected Luther's compromises with feudal rule. He was one of the leaders of the German Peasants' and Plebeians' Revolt of 1525, commonly known as the German Peasants' War.

Frose - St. Cyriakus

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Wed, 14 Jun 2023 11:09:42 +0000

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Stendal - St. Marien

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 06 Jun 2023 11:49:55 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

The fortified town of Stendal was founded by the first Brandenburg Margrave Albert the Bear and granted Magdeburg rights about 1160. A deed issued by Emperor Heinrich II in 1022, in which the village appears among the possessions of the Michaeliskloster in Hildesheim, is a 12th-century forgery.

Stendal quickly prospered as a center of commerce and trade. The parish of St. Jacobi was founded in the 12th century. The construction of a Franciscan monastery began in 1230. In the 13th century, the Stendal Seafarers' Guild was formed, which traded its own ships in the Baltic and North Sea areas. The oldest documented mention of the church of St. Marien dates back to 1283. Stendal received city walls around 1300 and in 1338 a Latin school was built. The local merchants joined the Hanseatic League in 1358 and purchased the privilege of minting from the Brandenburg margraves in 1369.

Just like in neighboring Tangermünde, the citizens of Stendal rebelled against the beer tax in 1488.
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In the 12th century, a Romanesque basilica was built on the site of today's Marienkirche. In the late 14th century, the westwork was extended with the double-tower facade. In 1420 the construction of the Marienkirche began as a late Gothic hall church. Until 1447 the church was vaulted. The church was consecrated in 1447. In the 16th century, the towers were completed. In 1580 an astronomical clock was installed. The Marienkirche was the main parish church of the Hanseatic merchant community and is neighboring the town hall.

Stendal - St. Marien

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 06 Jun 2023 11:24:37 +0000

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Burg - Unterkirche St. Nicolai

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Wed, 31 May 2023 21:39:45 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

The Ottonian kings began conquering the Slavic region in the 10th century. In 928, Henry I conquered Brandenburg. His son Otto founded the diocese of Brandenburg in 948. The city of Burg is mentioned for the first time in the founding charter. To secure their influence, especially Albrecht the Bear attracted Flemish settlers to the land of Burg. They founded the lower town of Burg and introduced cloth making. The Flemish immigrants brought with them important trade connections from their homeland. Their cattle breeding, beer brewing and the production of woolen cloth became a basis for the flourishing development of the town of Burg. At that time, Burg consisted of two largely independent settlements, the Upper Town and the Lower Town.
The Unterkirche St. Nicolai was first mentioned as a parish church in the new (low) town in 1186 as a branch church of the Oberkirche Unser Lieben Frauen.. It was built in the late 12th century as a Romanesque basilica. It has essentially remained unchanged. The church has a wide transept with two semi-circular side apses, to which the main choir, which is square in plan, also has a semi-circular apse. The building is almost free of structuring and decorative elements and therefore presents itself as a monumental example of a late Romanesque town church. Unfortunately, the church was under conservation work in 2022.

Burg - Unterkirche St. Nicolai

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Wed, 31 May 2023 21:29:20 +0000

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Burg - Oberkirche Unser Lieben Frauen

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 30 May 2023 22:15:07 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

The Ottonian kings began conquering the Slavic region in the 10th century. In 928, Henry I conquered Brandenburg. His son Otto founded the diocese of Brandenburg in 948. The city of Burg is mentioned for the first time in the founding charter. To secure their influence, especially Albrecht the Bear attracted Flemish settlers to the land of Burg. They founded the lower town of Burg and introduced cloth making. The Flemish immigrants brought with them important trade connections from their homeland. Their cattle breeding, beer brewing and the production of woolen cloth became a basis for the flourishing development of the town of Burg.

At that time, Burg consisted of two largely independent settlements, the Upper Town and the Lower Town.

The church "Unser Lieben Frauen" was the church of the upper town, which is why it is often called "Oberkirche". It was first mentioned in 1186. From the late Romanesque original building still remains the west building with two towers in the upper part, which was built of fieldstone ashlars around the middle of the 13th century. After the town fire in the 12th century, which left only the western work largely intact, reconstruction began. This finally ended in 1455 with the completion of the rib vault.

Burg - Oberkirche Unser Lieben Frauen

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 30 May 2023 21:20:26 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

The Ottonian kings began conquering the Slavic region in the 10th century. In 928, Henry I conquered Brandenburg. His son Otto founded the diocese of Brandenburg in 948. The city of Burg is mentioned for the first time in the founding charter. To secure their influence, especially Albrecht the Bear attracted Flemish settlers to the land of Burg. They founded the lower town of Burg and introduced cloth making. The Flemish immigrants brought with them important trade connections from their homeland. Their cattle breeding, beer brewing and the production of woolen cloth became a basis for the flourishing development of the town of Burg.

At that time, Burg consisted of two largely independent settlements, the Upper Town and the Lower Town.

The church "Unser Lieben Frauen" was the church of the upper town, which is why it is often called "Oberkirche". It was first mentioned in 1186. From the late Romanesque original building still remains the west building with two towers in the upper part, which was built of fieldstone ashlars around the middle of the 13th century. The upper parts of the double towers show three-part cloverleaf arched sound openings in pointed arched aperture. The slender pointed helmet of the south tower was erected in 1585, the north tower was raised in 1586 for a turret apartment and finished with a curved dome with lantern.

Redekin - Dorfkirche

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 30 May 2023 13:42:28 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Redekin is a small village south of Jerichow. It has been known since 1144 and was the property of the Jerichow Monastery.

The Romanesque brick church with the wide westwork dates from around 1200 and is influenced by the church of Jerichow Monastery. Experienced craftsmen who had also worked in Jerichow probably built here.

The church was locked, but a very friendly gentleman arrived with the key and so we learned a lot about the eventful history of the place and the church. Thank you!

The late Romanesque baptismal font

Redekin - Dorfkirche

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 30 May 2023 12:37:32 +0000

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Redekin - Dorfkirche

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Tue, 30 May 2023 12:01:39 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Redekin - Dorfkirche

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Mon, 29 May 2023 22:20:19 +0000

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Havelberg - Dom Sankt Marien

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Sun, 28 May 2023 21:24:20 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

With a victory in the Battle of Lenzen in 929, the Saxens made a significant advance into the dominion of the Slavic tribes. Shortly thereafter, the area around Havelberg was conquered and a castle complex was built on the ridge. Otto I continued the conquest of eastern Elbe areas and founded the bishopric of Havelberg as a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg. The settlement of a bishopric in Havelberg suggests that the place represented a regional center as early as the 10th century and possibly before. As early as 983, a rebellion broke out among Slavic groups, during which the bishopric of Havelberg was conquered. It was not until 1130 that King Lothar III succeeded. to recapture the place. The city was built in the middle of the 12th century, spatially separate from the cathedral district, on a promontory in a bend in the Havel River, that was made to an island for strategic reasons.

The first construction work on the church must have taken place in the middle of the 10th century. A chronicler reports that the church was destroyed during the uprising in 983. Around 1150, under the influence of the local Bishop, a cathedral was built. The basilica was consecrated in 1170. The church was about 70 meters long and 20 meters wide. The Romanesque building consisted of two tower-like crossbars with a three-aisled nave in between. A large triumphal arch visually separated the chancel from the nave. The chancel itself was rectangular and ended in a semi-circular apse. The westwork, appearing defensively closed from the outside, had five round-arched portals to the naves on the inside. A fire in 1279 destroyed significant parts of the cathedral. Using the existing Romanesque components, the basilica was rebuilt in a Gothic style with bricks. The entire conversion was probably not completed until 1330 when the high altar was consecrated.

After the Reformation, the cathedral chapter converted to Protestantism in 1561. The bishopric of Havelberg itself was dissolved in 1598 by Elector Joachim Friedrich of Brandenburg.
Structural changes then came in the course of the restorations of the 19th century. The appearance of some portals and windows was changed, the floor was renewed and the interior color scheme was changed several times. Finally, between 1907 and 1909, a neo-Romanesque portal was built into the tower and a brick story was added.

Havelberg - Dom Sankt Marien

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Sun, 28 May 2023 19:45:34 +0000

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Sandau - St. Laurentius und St. Nikolaus

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Sat, 27 May 2023 13:01:15 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

The church was built around 1200 by Dutch colonists and probably Jerichow monks and dedicated to St. Nicholas. It replaced a wooden church that had been built on a Slavic sacrificial site. In 1450 conversions were made in the Gothic style, for example with ribbed vaulting in the choir.

In April 1945, the city was 80% destroyed after a nearby Waffen SS shot and killed a US parlimentaire. The church was badly damaged by artillery fire and more than 50 percent of the tower was destroyed. From 1952 to 1958 the nave was repaired, the damaged tower remained as a memorial for decades.

The tower, a massive westwork, got reconstructed from 2002 - 2013, but the "scar" is clearly visible.

Sandau - St. Laurentius und St. Nikolaus

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Sat, 27 May 2023 12:03:43 +0000

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Braunschweig - St. Martini

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Fri, 19 May 2023 18:58:00 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Not much is known about the foundation of Braunschweig. Tradition tells, Brunswick (= Braunschweig) was created through the merger of two settlements on either side of the River Oker around 860.

The city was first mentioned in documents from the St. Magni Church in 1031. Up to the 12th century, Brunswick was ruled by the Saxon noble family, then, through marriage, it fell to the House of Welf. In 1142, Henry the Lion of the House of Welf became Duke of Saxony and made Braunschweig the capital of his state. He turned Dankwarderode Castle into his own Pfalz and developed the city further to represent his authority. Under Henry's rule, the Cathedral of St. Blasius was built and he also had the statue of a lion, his heraldic animal, erected in front of the castle.

Henry the Lion became so powerful that he dared to refuse military aid to Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, which led to his banishment in 1182. Henry went into exile in England. He had previously established ties to the English crown in 1168, through his marriage to King Henry II of England's daughter Matilda, sister of Richard the Lionheart. However, his son Otto, who could regain influence and was eventually crowned Holy Roman Emperor, continued to foster the city's development.

Brunswick was an important center of trade, an economic and a political centers and a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th century on. By the year 1600. Brunswick was the seventh largest city in Germany. It was de facto ruled independently by a powerful class of patricians and the guilds throughout much of the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period. Because of the growing power of Brunswick's burghers, the Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel finally moved their Residenz out of the city and to the nearby town of Wolfenbüttel in 1432. The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel did not regain control over the city until the late 17th century, when Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, took the city by siege.

The construction of St. Martini began around 1190/1195. Henry the Lion is considered the initiator. The church was completed around 1225/30. The Romanesque basilica was expanded into a Gothic hall church between 1250 and 1400 by adding a choir.

During the bombing raid in 1944, the roof truss and the westwork burned out completely. In 1956 the church was consecrated again.

Braunschweig - St. Martini

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Fri, 19 May 2023 18:36:47 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Braunschweig - St. Martini

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Fri, 19 May 2023 09:45:00 +0000

Martin M. Miles has posted:

Not much is known about the foundation of Braunschweig. Tradition tells, Brunswick (= Braunschweig) was created through the merger of two settlements on either side of the River Oker around 860.

The city was first mentioned in documents from the St. Magni Church in 1031. Up to the 12th century, Brunswick was ruled by the Saxon noble family, then, through marriage, it fell to the House of Welf. In 1142, Henry the Lion of the House of Welf became Duke of Saxony and made Braunschweig the capital of his state. He turned Dankwarderode Castle into his own Pfalz and developed the city further to represent his authority. Under Henry's rule, the Cathedral of St. Blasius was built and he also had the statue of a lion, his heraldic animal, erected in front of the castle.

Henry the Lion became so powerful that he dared to refuse military aid to Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, which led to his banishment in 1182. Henry went into exile in England. He had previously established ties to the English crown in 1168, through his marriage to King Henry II of England's daughter Matilda, sister of Richard the Lionheart. However, his son Otto, who could regain influence and was eventually crowned Holy Roman Emperor, continued to foster the city's development.

Brunswick was an important center of trade, an economic and a political centers and a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th century on. By the year 1600. Brunswick was the seventh largest city in Germany. It was de facto ruled independently by a powerful class of patricians and the guilds throughout much of the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period. Because of the growing power of Brunswick's burghers, the Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel finally moved their Residenz out of the city and to the nearby town of Wolfenbüttel in 1432. The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel did not regain control over the city until the late 17th century, when Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, took the city by siege.

The construction of St. Martini began around 1190/1195. Henry the Lion is considered the initiator. The church was completed around 1225/30. The Romanesque basilica was expanded into a Gothic hall church between 1250 and 1400 by adding a choir.

During a bombing raid in 1944, the roof truss and the westwork burned out completely. In 1956 the church was consecrated again.

Cahors - Cathédrale Saint-Étienne

nobody@ipernity.com (Martin M. Miles) — Wed, 08 Apr 2020 19:14:02 +0000

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The Cahors Cathedral was erected between 1080 and 1135. It got consecrated by Pope Calixtus II in 1119. The same pope, who two years later could imprison his rival "Antipope" Gregory VIII. Four years later, Calixtus ended the Investiture Controversy by agreeing with Emperor Henry V on the Concordat of Worms.

During the times of medieval pilgrimage, this cathedral was an important place on the "Via Podiensis", as the "Sainte Coiffe" could be venerated here. This "Holy Headdress" was believed to have been used during Jesus' burial. Legends tell, that it had been given to the Bishop of Cahors by Charlemagne, but what is more likely it was brought to Cahors by Bishop Gerard de Cardillac after his trip to the Holy Land in 1113. A relic similar to the "Shroud of Turin".

Prominent features are the two domes (a third one collapsed in the 13th century). The cathedral´s castle-like, west-facing entrance section / bell-tower was added end of the 13th / early 14th century. It is very much like a massive Carolingian / Ottonian westwork. The rose-window makes clear, that this is younger.

It was widely discussed, whether the facade once had the elaborate Romanesque portal, that was later moved to the northern side. Since the 1980s it is proven (Bratke, Durliat), that the Romanesque portal was constructed for the northern side, where it is still today.