<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">
<channel>
  <title>Articles from Adler55 Blume</title>
  <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487</link>
  <image>
    <url>https://cdn.ipernity.com/p/101/B7/03/66487.buddy.jpg</url>
    <title>Articles from Adler55 Blume</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487</link>
  </image>
  <description></description>
  <pubDate>Sat, 17 Oct 2026 04:00:48 +0000</pubDate>
  <lastBuildDate>Sat, 17 Oct 2026 04:00:48 +0000</lastBuildDate>
  <generator>https://www.ipernity.com</generator>
  <item>
    <title>Ramadanfasten in Islam</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/270427</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2019-05-07,post-270427</guid>
    <pubDate>Tue, 07 May 2019 16:05:13 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;Mit der Absicht zum Fasten vom Morgengrauen bis zum Untergang der Sonne sich von Essen, Trinken, Rauchen, Geschlechtsverkehr usw. fernzuhalten, ist eine körperliche Art des Gottesdienstes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;Für jeden Müslim, der die Reife erreicht hat, ist es Fard, im Monat Ramadan (06.05.2019-04.06.2019) zu fasten. Dagegen ist das Fasten kein Fard für Geistesschwache und Kinder.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;Frauen sind es waehrend der Regel und des Wochenbettes verboten zu fasten.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;Kranke, Reisende und stillende Mütter sollen das Fasten zu einem anderen Zeitpunkt nachholen.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Ramadanfasten in Islam</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;Mit der Absicht zum Fasten vom Morgengrauen bis zum Untergang der Sonne sich von Essen, Trinken, Rauchen, Geschlechtsverkehr usw. fernzuhalten, ist eine körperliche Art des Gottesdienstes.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;Für jeden Müslim, der die Reife erreicht hat, ist es Fard, im Monat Ramadan (06.05.2019-04.06.2019) zu fasten. Dagegen ist das Fasten kein Fard für Geistesschwache und Kinder.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;Frauen sind es waehrend der Regel und des Wochenbettes verboten zu fasten.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;&lt;font face="Times New Roman"&gt;Kranke, Reisende und stillende Mütter sollen das Fasten zu einem anderen Zeitpunkt nachholen.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Un poème de Victor Hugo sur le Prophète (P)</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/4623354</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2016-07-11,post-4623354</guid>
    <pubDate>Mon, 11 Jul 2016 11:43:28 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Un poème de Victor Hugo sur le Prophète (P)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L'AN NEUF DE L'HEGIRE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Victor Hugo, le 15 janvier 1858&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Comme s'il pressentait que son heure était proche, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Grave, il ne faisait plus à personne une reproche ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il marchait en rendant aux passants leur salut ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On le voyait vieillir chaque jour, quoiqu'il eût &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A peine vingt poils blancs à sa barbe encore noire ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il s'arrêtait parfois pour voir les chameaux boire, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Se souvenant du temps qu'il était chamelier. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il semblait avoir vu l'Eden, l'âge d'amour, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Les temps antérieurs, l'ère immémoriale. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il avait le front haut, la joue impériale, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le sourcil chauve, l'oeil profond et diligent, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le cou pareil au col d'une amphore d'argent, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L';air d'un Noé qui sait le secret du déluge. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Si des hommes venaient le consulter, ce juge &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Laissait l'un affirmer, l'autre rire et nier, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ecoutait en silence et parlait le dernier. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sa bouche était toujours en train d'une prière ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il mangeait peu, serrant sur son ventre une pierre ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il s'occupait de lui-même à traire ses brebis ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il s'asseyait à terre et cousait ses habits. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il jeûnait plus longtemps qu'autrui les jours de jeûne, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Quoiqu'il perdît sa force et qu'il ne fût plus jeune. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A soixante-trois ans une fièvre le prit. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il relut le Coran de sa main même écrit, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Puis il remit au fils de Séid la bannière, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
En lui disant : " Je touche à mon aube dernière. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il n'est pas d'autre Dieu que Dieu. Combats pour lui. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et son oeil, voilé d'ombre, avait ce morne ennui &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
D'un vieux aigle forcé d'abandonner son aire. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il vint à la mosquée à son heure ordinaire, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Appuyé sur Ali le peuple le suivant ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et l'étendard sacré se déployait au vent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Là, pâle, il s'écria, se tournant vers la foule ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
" Peuple, le jour s'éteint, l'homme passe et s'écroule ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La poussière et la nuit, c'est nous. Dieu seul est grand. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Peuple je suis l'aveugle et suis l'ignorant. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sans Dieu je serais vil plus que la bête immonde. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Un cheikh lui dit : " o chef des vrais croyants ! le monde, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sitôt qu'il t'entendit, en ta parole crut ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le jour où tu naquit une étoile apparut, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et trois tours du palais de Chosroès tombèrent. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Lui, reprit : " Sur ma mort les Anges délibèrent ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L'heure arrive. Ecoutez. Si j'ai de l'un de vous &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mal parlé, qu'il se lève, ô peuple, et devant tous &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'il m'insulte et m'outrage avant que je m'échappe ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Si j'ai frappé quelqu'un, que celui-là me frappe. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et, tranquille, il tendit aux passants son bâton. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Une vieille, tondant la laine d'un mouton, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Assise sur un seuil, lui cria : " Dieu t'assiste ! " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il semblait regarder quelque vision triste, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et songeait ; tout à coup, pensif, il dit : " voilà, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vous tous, je suis un mot dans la bouche d'Allah ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je suis cendre comme homme et feu comme prophète. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'ai complété d'Issa la lumière imparfaite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je suis la force, enfants ; Jésus fut la douceur. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le soleil a toujours l'aube pour précurseur. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Jésus m'a précédé, mais il n'est pas la Cause. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il est né d'une Vierge aspirant une rose. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Moi, comme être vivant, retenez bien ceci, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je ne suis qu'un limon par les vices noirci ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'ai de tous les péchés subi l'approche étrange ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ma chair a plus d'affront qu'un chemin n'a de fange, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et mon corps par le mal est tout déshonoré ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O vous tous, je serais bien vite dévoré &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Si dans l'obscurité du cercueil solitaire &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Chaque faute engendre un ver de terre. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fils, le damné renaît au fond du froid caveau &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Pour être par les vers dévoré de nouveau ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Toujours sa chair revit, jusqu'à ce que la peine, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Finie ouvre à son vol l'immensité sereine. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fils, je suis le champ vil des sublimes combats, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tantôt l'homme d'en haut, tantôt l'homme d'en bas, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et le mal dans ma bouche avec le bien alterne &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Comme dans le désert le sable et la citerne ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ce qui n'empêche pas que je n'aie, ô croyants ! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tenu tête dans l'ombre au x Anges effrayants &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Qui voudraient replonger l'homme dans les ténèbres ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'ai parfois dans mes poings tordu leurs bras funèbres ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Souvent, comme Jacob, j'ai la nuit, pas à pas, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Lutté contre quelqu'un que je ne voyais pas ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mais les hommes surtout on fait saigner ma vie ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ils ont jeté sur moi leur haine et leur envie, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et, comme je sentais en moi la vérité, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je les ai combattus, mais sans être irrité, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et, pendant le combat je criais : " laissez faire ! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je suis le seul, nu, sanglant, blessé ; je le préfère. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'ils frappent sur moi tous ! Que tout leur soit permis ! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Quand même, se ruant sur moi, mes ennemis &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Auraient, pour m'attaquer dans cette voie étroite, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le soleil à leur gauche et la lune à leur droite, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ils ne me feraient point reculer ! " C'est ainsi &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'après avoir lutté quarante ans, me voici &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Arrivé sur le bord de la tombe profonde, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et j'ai devant moi Allah, derrière moi le monde. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Quant à vous qui m'avez dans l'épreuve suivi, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Comme les grecs Hermès et les hébreux Lévi, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vous avez bien souffert, mais vous verrez l'aurore. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Après la froide nuit, vous verrez l'aube éclore ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Peuple, n'en doutez pas ; celui qui prodigua &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Les lions aux ravins du Jebbel-Kronnega, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Les perles à la mer et les astres à l'ombre, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Peut bien donner un peu de joie à l'homme sombre. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il ajouta ; " Croyez, veillez ; courbez le front. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ceux qui ne sont ni bons ni mauvais resteront &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sur le mur qui sépare Eden d'avec l'abîme, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Etant trop noirs pour Dieu, mais trop blancs pour le crime ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presque personne n'est assez pur de péchés &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Pour ne pas mériter un châtiment ; tâchez, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
En priant, que vos corps touchent partout la terre ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L'enfer ne brûlera dans son fatal mystère &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Que ce qui n'aura point touché la cendre, et Dieu &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A qui baise la terre obscure, ouvre un ciel bleu ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Soyez hospitaliers ; soyez saints ; soyez justes ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Là-haut sont les fruits purs dans les arbres augustes, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Les chevaux sellés d'or, et, pour fuir aux sept dieux, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Les chars vivants ayant des foudres pour essieux ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Chaque houri, sereine, incorruptible, heureuse, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Habite un pavillon fait d'une perle creuse ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le Gehennam attend les réprouvés ; malheur ! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ils auront des souliers de feu dont la chaleur &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fera bouillir leur tête ainsi qu'une chaudière. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La face des élus sera charmante et fière. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il s'arrêta donnant audience à l'espoir. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Puis poursuivant sa marche à pas lents, il reprit : &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
" O vivants ! Je répète à tous que voici l'heure &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Où je vais me cacher dans une autre demeure ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Donc, hâtez-vous. Il faut, le moment est venu, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Que je sois dénoncé par ceux qui m'ont connu, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et que, si j'ai des torts, on me crache aux visages. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La foule s'écartait muette à son passage. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il se lava la barbe au puits d'Aboufléia. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Un homme réclama trois drachmes, qu'il paya, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Disant : " Mieux vaut payer ici que dans la tombe. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L'oeil du peuple était doux comme un oeil de colombe &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
En le regardant cet homme auguste, son appui ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tous pleuraient ; quand, plus tard, il fut rentré chez lui, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Beaucoup restèrent là sans fermer la paupière, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et passèrent la nuit couchés sur une pierre &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le lendemain matin, voyant l'aube arriver ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
" Aboubékre, dit-il, je ne puis me lever, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tu vas prendre le livre et faire la prière. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et sa femme Aïscha se tenait en arrière ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il écoutait pendant qu'Aboubékre lisait, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et souvent à voix basse achevait le verset ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et l'on pleurait pendant qu'il priait de la sorte. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et l'Ange de la mort vers le soir à la porte &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Apparut, demandant qu'on lui permît d'entrer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
" Qu'il entre. " On vit alors son regard s'éclairer &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
De la même clarté qu'au jour de sa naissance ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et l'Ange lui dit : " Dieu désire ta présence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Bien ", dit-il. Un frisson sur les tempes courut, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Un souffle ouvrit sa lèvre, et Mahomet mourut.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.bostani.com/.../poeme-de-victor-hugo" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.bostani.com/.../poeme-de-victor-hugo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Un poème de Victor Hugo sur le Prophète (P)</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;Un poème de Victor Hugo sur le Prophète (P)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L'AN NEUF DE L'HEGIRE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Victor Hugo, le 15 janvier 1858&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Comme s'il pressentait que son heure était proche, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Grave, il ne faisait plus à personne une reproche ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il marchait en rendant aux passants leur salut ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
On le voyait vieillir chaque jour, quoiqu'il eût &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A peine vingt poils blancs à sa barbe encore noire ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il s'arrêtait parfois pour voir les chameaux boire, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Se souvenant du temps qu'il était chamelier. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il semblait avoir vu l'Eden, l'âge d'amour, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Les temps antérieurs, l'ère immémoriale. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il avait le front haut, la joue impériale, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le sourcil chauve, l'oeil profond et diligent, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le cou pareil au col d'une amphore d'argent, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L';air d'un Noé qui sait le secret du déluge. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Si des hommes venaient le consulter, ce juge &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Laissait l'un affirmer, l'autre rire et nier, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ecoutait en silence et parlait le dernier. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sa bouche était toujours en train d'une prière ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il mangeait peu, serrant sur son ventre une pierre ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il s'occupait de lui-même à traire ses brebis ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il s'asseyait à terre et cousait ses habits. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il jeûnait plus longtemps qu'autrui les jours de jeûne, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Quoiqu'il perdît sa force et qu'il ne fût plus jeune. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A soixante-trois ans une fièvre le prit. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il relut le Coran de sa main même écrit, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Puis il remit au fils de Séid la bannière, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
En lui disant : " Je touche à mon aube dernière. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il n'est pas d'autre Dieu que Dieu. Combats pour lui. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et son oeil, voilé d'ombre, avait ce morne ennui &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
D'un vieux aigle forcé d'abandonner son aire. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il vint à la mosquée à son heure ordinaire, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Appuyé sur Ali le peuple le suivant ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et l'étendard sacré se déployait au vent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Là, pâle, il s'écria, se tournant vers la foule ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
" Peuple, le jour s'éteint, l'homme passe et s'écroule ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La poussière et la nuit, c'est nous. Dieu seul est grand. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Peuple je suis l'aveugle et suis l'ignorant. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sans Dieu je serais vil plus que la bête immonde. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Un cheikh lui dit : " o chef des vrais croyants ! le monde, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sitôt qu'il t'entendit, en ta parole crut ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le jour où tu naquit une étoile apparut, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et trois tours du palais de Chosroès tombèrent. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Lui, reprit : " Sur ma mort les Anges délibèrent ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L'heure arrive. Ecoutez. Si j'ai de l'un de vous &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mal parlé, qu'il se lève, ô peuple, et devant tous &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'il m'insulte et m'outrage avant que je m'échappe ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Si j'ai frappé quelqu'un, que celui-là me frappe. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et, tranquille, il tendit aux passants son bâton. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Une vieille, tondant la laine d'un mouton, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Assise sur un seuil, lui cria : " Dieu t'assiste ! " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il semblait regarder quelque vision triste, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et songeait ; tout à coup, pensif, il dit : " voilà, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vous tous, je suis un mot dans la bouche d'Allah ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je suis cendre comme homme et feu comme prophète. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'ai complété d'Issa la lumière imparfaite. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je suis la force, enfants ; Jésus fut la douceur. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le soleil a toujours l'aube pour précurseur. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Jésus m'a précédé, mais il n'est pas la Cause. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il est né d'une Vierge aspirant une rose. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Moi, comme être vivant, retenez bien ceci, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je ne suis qu'un limon par les vices noirci ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'ai de tous les péchés subi l'approche étrange ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ma chair a plus d'affront qu'un chemin n'a de fange, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et mon corps par le mal est tout déshonoré ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O vous tous, je serais bien vite dévoré &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Si dans l'obscurité du cercueil solitaire &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Chaque faute engendre un ver de terre. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fils, le damné renaît au fond du froid caveau &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Pour être par les vers dévoré de nouveau ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Toujours sa chair revit, jusqu'à ce que la peine, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Finie ouvre à son vol l'immensité sereine. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fils, je suis le champ vil des sublimes combats, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tantôt l'homme d'en haut, tantôt l'homme d'en bas, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et le mal dans ma bouche avec le bien alterne &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Comme dans le désert le sable et la citerne ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ce qui n'empêche pas que je n'aie, ô croyants ! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tenu tête dans l'ombre au x Anges effrayants &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Qui voudraient replonger l'homme dans les ténèbres ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
J'ai parfois dans mes poings tordu leurs bras funèbres ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Souvent, comme Jacob, j'ai la nuit, pas à pas, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Lutté contre quelqu'un que je ne voyais pas ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mais les hommes surtout on fait saigner ma vie ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ils ont jeté sur moi leur haine et leur envie, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et, comme je sentais en moi la vérité, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je les ai combattus, mais sans être irrité, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et, pendant le combat je criais : " laissez faire ! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Je suis le seul, nu, sanglant, blessé ; je le préfère. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'ils frappent sur moi tous ! Que tout leur soit permis ! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Quand même, se ruant sur moi, mes ennemis &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Auraient, pour m'attaquer dans cette voie étroite, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le soleil à leur gauche et la lune à leur droite, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ils ne me feraient point reculer ! " C'est ainsi &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'après avoir lutté quarante ans, me voici &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Arrivé sur le bord de la tombe profonde, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et j'ai devant moi Allah, derrière moi le monde. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Quant à vous qui m'avez dans l'épreuve suivi, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Comme les grecs Hermès et les hébreux Lévi, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vous avez bien souffert, mais vous verrez l'aurore. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Après la froide nuit, vous verrez l'aube éclore ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Peuple, n'en doutez pas ; celui qui prodigua &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Les lions aux ravins du Jebbel-Kronnega, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Les perles à la mer et les astres à l'ombre, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Peut bien donner un peu de joie à l'homme sombre. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il ajouta ; " Croyez, veillez ; courbez le front. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ceux qui ne sont ni bons ni mauvais resteront &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sur le mur qui sépare Eden d'avec l'abîme, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Etant trop noirs pour Dieu, mais trop blancs pour le crime ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presque personne n'est assez pur de péchés &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Pour ne pas mériter un châtiment ; tâchez, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
En priant, que vos corps touchent partout la terre ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L'enfer ne brûlera dans son fatal mystère &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Que ce qui n'aura point touché la cendre, et Dieu &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A qui baise la terre obscure, ouvre un ciel bleu ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Soyez hospitaliers ; soyez saints ; soyez justes ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Là-haut sont les fruits purs dans les arbres augustes, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Les chevaux sellés d'or, et, pour fuir aux sept dieux, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Les chars vivants ayant des foudres pour essieux ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Chaque houri, sereine, incorruptible, heureuse, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Habite un pavillon fait d'une perle creuse ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le Gehennam attend les réprouvés ; malheur ! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ils auront des souliers de feu dont la chaleur &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fera bouillir leur tête ainsi qu'une chaudière. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La face des élus sera charmante et fière. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il s'arrêta donnant audience à l'espoir. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Puis poursuivant sa marche à pas lents, il reprit : &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
" O vivants ! Je répète à tous que voici l'heure &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Où je vais me cacher dans une autre demeure ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Donc, hâtez-vous. Il faut, le moment est venu, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Que je sois dénoncé par ceux qui m'ont connu, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et que, si j'ai des torts, on me crache aux visages. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La foule s'écartait muette à son passage. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il se lava la barbe au puits d'Aboufléia. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Un homme réclama trois drachmes, qu'il paya, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Disant : " Mieux vaut payer ici que dans la tombe. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L'oeil du peuple était doux comme un oeil de colombe &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
En le regardant cet homme auguste, son appui ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tous pleuraient ; quand, plus tard, il fut rentré chez lui, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Beaucoup restèrent là sans fermer la paupière, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et passèrent la nuit couchés sur une pierre &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Le lendemain matin, voyant l'aube arriver ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
" Aboubékre, dit-il, je ne puis me lever, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tu vas prendre le livre et faire la prière. " &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et sa femme Aïscha se tenait en arrière ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il écoutait pendant qu'Aboubékre lisait, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et souvent à voix basse achevait le verset ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et l'on pleurait pendant qu'il priait de la sorte. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et l'Ange de la mort vers le soir à la porte &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Apparut, demandant qu'on lui permît d'entrer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
" Qu'il entre. " On vit alors son regard s'éclairer &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
De la même clarté qu'au jour de sa naissance ; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Et l'Ange lui dit : " Dieu désire ta présence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- Bien ", dit-il. Un frisson sur les tempes courut, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Un souffle ouvrit sa lèvre, et Mahomet mourut.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.bostani.com/.../poeme-de-victor-hugo" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.bostani.com/.../poeme-de-victor-hugo&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>L&amp;#039;AN NEUF DE L&amp;#039;HEGIRE  -  VİCTOR HUGO</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/729467</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2014-04-19,post-729467</guid>
    <pubDate>Sat, 19 Apr 2014 11:44:23 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:larger;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VİCTOR HUGO'NUN KALEMİNDEN HZ.MUHAMMED ŞİİRİNİN TAM METNİ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L'AN NEUF DE L'HEGIRE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(HİCRİ DOKUZUNCU SENE)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;MAHOMET&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
HZ.MUHAMMED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vazifesinin yakın olduğu içine doğmuştu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Metindi, kimseyi kınamıyor, incitmiyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yolda gördüğü kimselerle selamlaşıyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Her gün sanki biraz daha yaşlanıyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Oysa sadece yirmi ak vardı siyah sakalında&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Durup su içen develeri izliyordu arada sırada&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Böylece, deve güttüğü zamanları hatırlıyordu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sanki Cenneti görmüş, İlahi Aşkı bulmuştu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sanki kâinatın yaratılışına şahit olmuştu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Alnı dik, yanakları kusursuz, benzersizdi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kaşları ince, bakışları anlamlı ve keskindi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Boynu, gümüş bir testinin boğazıydı sanki.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tufanın sırlarını bilen Nuh'un havası vardı.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ona danışmaya gelenlere, adil davranırdı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kimi itiraf eder, kimi güler ve inkâr ederdi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sessizce dinler, en son konuşurdu kendisi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ağzından dua ve zikir hiç eksik olmazdı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çok az yer, karnının üzerine taş koyardı. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Boş durmaz, koyunlarını sağıp oyalanırdı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Oturur yere, elbiselerini kendi yapardı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Artık genç değildi, eski gücü de kalmamıştı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yine de, herkesten daha fazla oruç tutardı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Altmış üç yaşında, bir ateş sardı vücudunu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kutsal Kitap Kur'an'ı bir kez daha okudu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sonra, sancağı, Said'in oğluna teslim etti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Onlara : " Artık aranızdan ayrılma vakti geldi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Allah birdir, hep onun yolunda savaş" dedi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mahzundu, bakışlarında, yurdundan zoraki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sürülen yaşlı bir kartalın hüznü vardı sanki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yine, her günkü vaktinde mescide geldi,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ali'ye tabi olanlar da arkasından geliyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve, kutsal sancak rüzgarda dalgalanıyordu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Benzi soluktu, döndü ve kalabalığa seslendi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
"Ey insanlar, ömür bitiyor, hayat gelip geçici&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Biz, karanlıkta birer zerreyiz, yüce olan O'dur&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ey insanlar, O'ndan başka rehberim yoktur&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Onsuz hiç değerim olmazdı."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bir zat ona : " Ey müminlerin gerçek Sultanı!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Seni dinler dinlemez, herkes inandı sözüne&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sen doğduğunda, bir yıldız doğdu gökyüzüne&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kisra sarayının üç kulesi birden devrildi " dedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O da : " Melekler ölümümü müzakere etti;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vakit tamam, dinleyin! Eğer herhangi birinize&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bir kötülük yaptıysam, çıksın herkesin önünde &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ben ölmeden, gelsin intikamını alsın şimdi;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kime vurmuşsam, o da bana vursun. "dedi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve uzattı usulca asasını oradan geçenlere.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yaşlı bir kadın, bir koyunu kırpıyordu eşikte&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ona : "Tanrı yardımcın olsun! " diye seslendi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bakışlarında bir hüzün vardı, oldukça bitkindi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Dalgındı; birden, şöyle dedi : " Herkes duysun!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Allah benim adımı andı! Bundan emin olun&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Topraktan insan, nurdan bir peygamberim &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
İsa'nın getirdiği dini tamamlamaya geldim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ashabım, ben sabır taşıyım, İsa tatlı dilliydi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Zira her şafak, doğacak güneşin müjdecisi &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
İsa benden önce, ama ne Tanrıdır ne de oğlu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O, gülü koklayan Bakire Meryem' den doğdu. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Unutmayın, ben de etten kemikten bir faniyim&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kuruyan bir balçıktan başka bir şey değilim;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Şu dünyada başıma gelmeyen şey kalmadı;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çektiğim çilelere, yol olsa, dayanmazdı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Baskı ve işkenceden, şu bedenim çok çekti;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve eğer işlediğimiz her bir günahın bedeli&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Korkunç bir haşere olsaydı, o karanlık mezarı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bize dar eder, cehenneme çevirirdi orayı. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tekrar tekrar bedenlenir cehennem ehli&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve kurtlar yeniden kemirir tüm bedenlerini&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Böylece, defalarca tükenir ve yeniden dirilir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cezalarını çekince de, yeniden huzura erişir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ben, kutsal savaşların mütevazı meydanıyım&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bazen bir efendi bazen de bir köle gibiyim&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kelamım, tıpkı çöldeki kum ve kuyular gibidir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bir sözüm korkutuyorsa, bir diğeri müjdecidir;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ey inananlar! Çektiklerimi görüyorsunuz işte!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Karşıma alıp, insanı aldatıp yeniden delalete&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sürüklemek isteyen o dehşet saçan iblisleri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Engellemeye çalıştım, bağladım o pis ellerini &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çoğu zaman, Yakup gibi, karanlıklar içinde&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çarpıştım durdum, görmediğim kimselerle;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fakat insanlar beni özellikle öldürmek istedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bana karşı sürekli kin ve kıskançlık besledi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ben ise, asla, Hak davamdan vazgeçmedim&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Onlarla savaştım, ama kimseden incinmedim&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Savaş boyunca: " Bırakın yapsınlar! " diyordum &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kanlar içinde tek yaralı ben olayım istiyordum&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Varsın hepsi vursun bana, zaten durmazlar ki &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Zira sağ ellerine Ayı, sol ellerine Güneşi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Versem de, düşmanlarım vazgeçmezdi asla&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yine de saldırırlardı bana şu çileli yolculukta&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fakat ne olursa olsun geri adım atmadım&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Zira bu kutsal dava uğruna tam kırk yıl savaştım&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
İşte, böyle geçen bir ömrü nihayet tamamladım&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Şimdi Allah'a gidiyorum, dünyayı geride bıraktım.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Greklerin Hermès'i, Yahudilerin de Lévi' yi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Desteklediği gibi siz de hiç bırakmadınız beni&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çektiğiniz bu sıkıntılar, mutlaka son bulacak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bu soğuk, ıssız geceye elbet Güneş doğacak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Müminler, asla ümidinizi kesmeyin O'ndan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Zira Kronnega dağlarını aslan yuvası yapan,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Denizleri incilerle, karanlıkları da yıldızlarla&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Donatan Allah, elbet sizleri de koymaz darda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sonra : " O'na inanıp teslim olun " diye ekledi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
İnanmayan, ancak, inkâr da etmeyenlerin yeri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cennet ile cehennemi ayıran duvarın üzeri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kararmıştır kalpleri, günah işlemek tek işleri;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hiç kimse tamamen günahsız değildir belki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ama çabalayın ki, Allah cezalandırmasın sizi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Namaz kılın, bütün azalarınız değsin yere &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Zira o dayanılmaz cehennem ateşi, sadece&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O'nun için yere kapanmayan bedenleri yakar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O, kapkaranlık dünyayı, masmavi gökle açar;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Misafiri sevin, dürüst olun, adaletle hükmedin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yüce katında türlü türlü nimetler var sizin için&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yedi göğü geçmek için altın eğerli atlar, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve yıldırımları geride bırakan hızlı arabalar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Huriler, tertemiz, hep ter ü taze ve neşeli &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
İncilerden yapılmış köşklerde oturur her biri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cehennem ateş ehlini bekler, vay hallerine!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ateşten ayakkabıları olacak ve giydiklerinde,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sıcaklıkları kazan gibi beyinlerini kaynatacak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cennet ehli ise, pek neşeli ve gururlu olacak."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Biraz durdu, hep ümitli olmalarını öğütledi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sonra, ağır adımlarla yürümeye devam etti&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ardından : " Ey insanlar! Size sesleniyorum&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vakit saat doldu, ebedi bir âleme gidiyorum&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Belki bu sizinle son görüşmemiz, acele edin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Beni tanıyan herkes gelip son kez dinlesin &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bir hatam olduysa, yüzüme söylesin." dedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kalabalık sessizce sağa sola açılıp yol verdi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gitti ve Ebufleya Kuyusunda sakalını yıkadı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Biri ondan üç drahmi istedi, çıkardı verdi &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
"Şimdi, mezara bırakmaktan daha iyi." dedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Herkesin, bir güvercininki gibi ışıl ışıldı gözleri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bakıp, kendilerini hep kollayan o yüce insana, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ağlıyordu halk; evine kadar eşlik ettiler ona &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Birçoğu gözünü bile kırpmadan orada bekledi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bütün geceyi dışarıda taşların üzerinde geçirdi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve ertesi sabah, günün ağardığını fark edince&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
" Ben artık kalkamıyorum, dedi, Ebubekir'e&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kitab'ı alıp yanına, sen kıldıracaksın namazı."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Eşi Aişe de o sırada cemaatin arkasındaydı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ebubekir okuyor, Muhammed ise dinliyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Nihayet, okuduğu ayetleri usulca bitiriyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O, dua ve zikrini yaparken herkes ağlıyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve, Ölüm Meleği çıka geldi akşama doğru&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
"İçeri girebilir miyim" diye müsaade istedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
"Gelsin" dedi. Dünyaya açtığı o ilk günkü gibi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yine ışıl ışıl parlıyor ve gülümsüyordu gözleri, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve, Melek ona : " Allah seni bekliyor" dedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Memnuniyetle, dedi. Şakakları şöyle bir titredi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bir an aralandı dudakları ve ruhunu teslim etti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Victor Hugo, 15 Ocak 1858.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çeviri: Yakup YAŞA         www. erzurumajans.com&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>L&amp;#039;AN NEUF DE L&amp;#039;HEGIRE  -  VİCTOR HUGO</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:larger;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VİCTOR HUGO'NUN KALEMİNDEN HZ.MUHAMMED ŞİİRİNİN TAM METNİ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
L'AN NEUF DE L'HEGIRE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(HİCRİ DOKUZUNCU SENE)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;MAHOMET&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
HZ.MUHAMMED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vazifesinin yakın olduğu içine doğmuştu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Metindi, kimseyi kınamıyor, incitmiyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yolda gördüğü kimselerle selamlaşıyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Her gün sanki biraz daha yaşlanıyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Oysa sadece yirmi ak vardı siyah sakalında&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Durup su içen develeri izliyordu arada sırada&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Böylece, deve güttüğü zamanları hatırlıyordu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sanki Cenneti görmüş, İlahi Aşkı bulmuştu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sanki kâinatın yaratılışına şahit olmuştu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Alnı dik, yanakları kusursuz, benzersizdi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kaşları ince, bakışları anlamlı ve keskindi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Boynu, gümüş bir testinin boğazıydı sanki.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tufanın sırlarını bilen Nuh'un havası vardı.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ona danışmaya gelenlere, adil davranırdı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kimi itiraf eder, kimi güler ve inkâr ederdi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sessizce dinler, en son konuşurdu kendisi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ağzından dua ve zikir hiç eksik olmazdı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çok az yer, karnının üzerine taş koyardı. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Boş durmaz, koyunlarını sağıp oyalanırdı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Oturur yere, elbiselerini kendi yapardı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Artık genç değildi, eski gücü de kalmamıştı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yine de, herkesten daha fazla oruç tutardı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Altmış üç yaşında, bir ateş sardı vücudunu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kutsal Kitap Kur'an'ı bir kez daha okudu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sonra, sancağı, Said'in oğluna teslim etti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Onlara : " Artık aranızdan ayrılma vakti geldi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Allah birdir, hep onun yolunda savaş" dedi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mahzundu, bakışlarında, yurdundan zoraki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sürülen yaşlı bir kartalın hüznü vardı sanki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yine, her günkü vaktinde mescide geldi,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ali'ye tabi olanlar da arkasından geliyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve, kutsal sancak rüzgarda dalgalanıyordu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Benzi soluktu, döndü ve kalabalığa seslendi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
"Ey insanlar, ömür bitiyor, hayat gelip geçici&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Biz, karanlıkta birer zerreyiz, yüce olan O'dur&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ey insanlar, O'ndan başka rehberim yoktur&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Onsuz hiç değerim olmazdı."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bir zat ona : " Ey müminlerin gerçek Sultanı!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Seni dinler dinlemez, herkes inandı sözüne&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sen doğduğunda, bir yıldız doğdu gökyüzüne&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kisra sarayının üç kulesi birden devrildi " dedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O da : " Melekler ölümümü müzakere etti;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vakit tamam, dinleyin! Eğer herhangi birinize&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bir kötülük yaptıysam, çıksın herkesin önünde &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ben ölmeden, gelsin intikamını alsın şimdi;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kime vurmuşsam, o da bana vursun. "dedi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve uzattı usulca asasını oradan geçenlere.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yaşlı bir kadın, bir koyunu kırpıyordu eşikte&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ona : "Tanrı yardımcın olsun! " diye seslendi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bakışlarında bir hüzün vardı, oldukça bitkindi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Dalgındı; birden, şöyle dedi : " Herkes duysun!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Allah benim adımı andı! Bundan emin olun&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Topraktan insan, nurdan bir peygamberim &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
İsa'nın getirdiği dini tamamlamaya geldim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ashabım, ben sabır taşıyım, İsa tatlı dilliydi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Zira her şafak, doğacak güneşin müjdecisi &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
İsa benden önce, ama ne Tanrıdır ne de oğlu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O, gülü koklayan Bakire Meryem' den doğdu. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Unutmayın, ben de etten kemikten bir faniyim&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kuruyan bir balçıktan başka bir şey değilim;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Şu dünyada başıma gelmeyen şey kalmadı;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çektiğim çilelere, yol olsa, dayanmazdı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Baskı ve işkenceden, şu bedenim çok çekti;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve eğer işlediğimiz her bir günahın bedeli&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Korkunç bir haşere olsaydı, o karanlık mezarı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bize dar eder, cehenneme çevirirdi orayı. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tekrar tekrar bedenlenir cehennem ehli&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve kurtlar yeniden kemirir tüm bedenlerini&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Böylece, defalarca tükenir ve yeniden dirilir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cezalarını çekince de, yeniden huzura erişir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ben, kutsal savaşların mütevazı meydanıyım&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bazen bir efendi bazen de bir köle gibiyim&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kelamım, tıpkı çöldeki kum ve kuyular gibidir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bir sözüm korkutuyorsa, bir diğeri müjdecidir;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ey inananlar! Çektiklerimi görüyorsunuz işte!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Karşıma alıp, insanı aldatıp yeniden delalete&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sürüklemek isteyen o dehşet saçan iblisleri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Engellemeye çalıştım, bağladım o pis ellerini &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çoğu zaman, Yakup gibi, karanlıklar içinde&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çarpıştım durdum, görmediğim kimselerle;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fakat insanlar beni özellikle öldürmek istedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bana karşı sürekli kin ve kıskançlık besledi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ben ise, asla, Hak davamdan vazgeçmedim&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Onlarla savaştım, ama kimseden incinmedim&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Savaş boyunca: " Bırakın yapsınlar! " diyordum &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kanlar içinde tek yaralı ben olayım istiyordum&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Varsın hepsi vursun bana, zaten durmazlar ki &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Zira sağ ellerine Ayı, sol ellerine Güneşi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Versem de, düşmanlarım vazgeçmezdi asla&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yine de saldırırlardı bana şu çileli yolculukta&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Fakat ne olursa olsun geri adım atmadım&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Zira bu kutsal dava uğruna tam kırk yıl savaştım&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
İşte, böyle geçen bir ömrü nihayet tamamladım&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Şimdi Allah'a gidiyorum, dünyayı geride bıraktım.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Greklerin Hermès'i, Yahudilerin de Lévi' yi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Desteklediği gibi siz de hiç bırakmadınız beni&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çektiğiniz bu sıkıntılar, mutlaka son bulacak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bu soğuk, ıssız geceye elbet Güneş doğacak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Müminler, asla ümidinizi kesmeyin O'ndan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Zira Kronnega dağlarını aslan yuvası yapan,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Denizleri incilerle, karanlıkları da yıldızlarla&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Donatan Allah, elbet sizleri de koymaz darda.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sonra : " O'na inanıp teslim olun " diye ekledi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
İnanmayan, ancak, inkâr da etmeyenlerin yeri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cennet ile cehennemi ayıran duvarın üzeri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kararmıştır kalpleri, günah işlemek tek işleri;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hiç kimse tamamen günahsız değildir belki&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ama çabalayın ki, Allah cezalandırmasın sizi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Namaz kılın, bütün azalarınız değsin yere &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Zira o dayanılmaz cehennem ateşi, sadece&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O'nun için yere kapanmayan bedenleri yakar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O, kapkaranlık dünyayı, masmavi gökle açar;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Misafiri sevin, dürüst olun, adaletle hükmedin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yüce katında türlü türlü nimetler var sizin için&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yedi göğü geçmek için altın eğerli atlar, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve yıldırımları geride bırakan hızlı arabalar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Huriler, tertemiz, hep ter ü taze ve neşeli &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
İncilerden yapılmış köşklerde oturur her biri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cehennem ateş ehlini bekler, vay hallerine!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ateşten ayakkabıları olacak ve giydiklerinde,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sıcaklıkları kazan gibi beyinlerini kaynatacak&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Cennet ehli ise, pek neşeli ve gururlu olacak."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Biraz durdu, hep ümitli olmalarını öğütledi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sonra, ağır adımlarla yürümeye devam etti&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ardından : " Ey insanlar! Size sesleniyorum&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Vakit saat doldu, ebedi bir âleme gidiyorum&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Belki bu sizinle son görüşmemiz, acele edin&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Beni tanıyan herkes gelip son kez dinlesin &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bir hatam olduysa, yüzüme söylesin." dedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kalabalık sessizce sağa sola açılıp yol verdi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gitti ve Ebufleya Kuyusunda sakalını yıkadı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Biri ondan üç drahmi istedi, çıkardı verdi &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
"Şimdi, mezara bırakmaktan daha iyi." dedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Herkesin, bir güvercininki gibi ışıl ışıldı gözleri&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bakıp, kendilerini hep kollayan o yüce insana, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ağlıyordu halk; evine kadar eşlik ettiler ona &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Birçoğu gözünü bile kırpmadan orada bekledi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bütün geceyi dışarıda taşların üzerinde geçirdi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve ertesi sabah, günün ağardığını fark edince&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
" Ben artık kalkamıyorum, dedi, Ebubekir'e&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kitab'ı alıp yanına, sen kıldıracaksın namazı."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Eşi Aişe de o sırada cemaatin arkasındaydı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ebubekir okuyor, Muhammed ise dinliyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Nihayet, okuduğu ayetleri usulca bitiriyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
O, dua ve zikrini yaparken herkes ağlıyordu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve, Ölüm Meleği çıka geldi akşama doğru&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
"İçeri girebilir miyim" diye müsaade istedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
"Gelsin" dedi. Dünyaya açtığı o ilk günkü gibi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yine ışıl ışıl parlıyor ve gülümsüyordu gözleri, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Ve, Melek ona : " Allah seni bekliyor" dedi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Memnuniyetle, dedi. Şakakları şöyle bir titredi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Bir an aralandı dudakları ve ruhunu teslim etti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Victor Hugo, 15 Ocak 1858.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Çeviri: Yakup YAŞA         www. erzurumajans.com&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>The earth shall be left to no one</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/510795</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2013-07-14,post-510795</guid>
    <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jul 2013 14:13:46 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;The earth shall be left to no one&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;God permeates the whole wide world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yet His truth is revealed to none.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
You better seek Him in yourself,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
You and He aren't apart-you're one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The other world lies beyond sight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Here on earth we must live upright.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Exile is torment, pain, and blight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
No one comes back once he is gone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, let us all be friends for once,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Let us make life easy on us,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Let us be lovers and loved ones,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The earth shall be left to no one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To you, what Yunus says is clear,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Its meaning is in your heart's ear:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
We should all live the good life here,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Because nobody will live on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yunus Emre&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Translated by Talat Sait Halman&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.yunusemre.gov.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.yunusemre.gov.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;* * * * * * * * * * *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;Will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;Mit Bergen und mit Steinen auch&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Vögeln früh im Morgenhauch&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Fischen in des Wassers Grund,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gazellen in der Wüste rund,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit „Yahu!" aus der Toren Mund&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, ö Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Jesus hoch im Himmelsland,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Moses an des Berges Rand,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit diesem Stab in meiner Hand&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Hiob, der vor Schmerz versteint,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Jakob, dessen Auge weint,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Und mit Muhammad, deinem Freund,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Dank und Preis und Lobeswort,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit 'Gott ist Einer', höchstem Hort,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Barhäuptig, barfuß, immerfort&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit lesend frommer Zungen Hallen,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Turteltauben, Nachtigallen,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit denen, die Gott lieben, allen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yunus Emre&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Übersetzt von Annemarie Schimmel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.yunusemre.gov.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.yunusemre.gov.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>The earth shall be left to no one</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;The earth shall be left to no one&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;God permeates the whole wide world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yet His truth is revealed to none.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
You better seek Him in yourself,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
You and He aren't apart-you're one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The other world lies beyond sight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Here on earth we must live upright.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Exile is torment, pain, and blight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
No one comes back once he is gone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, let us all be friends for once,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Let us make life easy on us,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Let us be lovers and loved ones,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The earth shall be left to no one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
To you, what Yunus says is clear,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Its meaning is in your heart's ear:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
We should all live the good life here,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Because nobody will live on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yunus Emre&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Translated by Talat Sait Halman&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.yunusemre.gov.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.yunusemre.gov.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;* * * * * * * * * * *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size:large;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:x-large;"&gt;Will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;Mit Bergen und mit Steinen auch&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Vögeln früh im Morgenhauch&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Fischen in des Wassers Grund,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gazellen in der Wüste rund,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit „Yahu!" aus der Toren Mund&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, ö Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Jesus hoch im Himmelsland,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Moses an des Berges Rand,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit diesem Stab in meiner Hand&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Hiob, der vor Schmerz versteint,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Jakob, dessen Auge weint,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Und mit Muhammad, deinem Freund,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Dank und Preis und Lobeswort,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit 'Gott ist Einer', höchstem Hort,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Barhäuptig, barfuß, immerfort&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit lesend frommer Zungen Hallen,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit Turteltauben, Nachtigallen,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mit denen, die Gott lieben, allen&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
will ich Dich rufen, Herr, o Herr!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Yunus Emre&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Übersetzt von Annemarie Schimmel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.yunusemre.gov.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.yunusemre.gov.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>French Muslim thinker Roger Garaudy dies at 99</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/396120</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2012-06-17,post-396120</guid>
    <pubDate>Sun, 17 Jun 2012 07:52:04 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;14 June 2012 / TODAYSZAMAN.COM, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;World renowned French Muslim thinker Roger Garaudy, who was an ardent supporter of Marxism, has died at the age of 99 in Paris, leaving behind nearly 60 books and hundreds of articles.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He will be laid to rest on Monday in Paris, according to a statement released by the Turkish Literature Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Garaudy was born in Marseilles on July 17, 1913. He was awarded a doctorate degree in literature by Sorbonne University in 1952 and another doctorate in science in 1954 by the Soviet Union Academy of Sciences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Garaudy was chief of the Marxism Investigation and Research Center and a deputy in French Parliament and deputy speaker of the French Assembly. He was also one of the most senior members of the French Communist Party before he converted to Islam in 1982.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1986, he published “The Founding Myths of Modern Israel,” but it was banned by a French court as a result of pressure from the Israeli lobby in France because it included a denial of the Holocaust. Nearly 30 books by the French thinker have been translated into Turkish.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>French Muslim thinker Roger Garaudy dies at 99</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;14 June 2012 / TODAYSZAMAN.COM, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;World renowned French Muslim thinker Roger Garaudy, who was an ardent supporter of Marxism, has died at the age of 99 in Paris, leaving behind nearly 60 books and hundreds of articles.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He will be laid to rest on Monday in Paris, according to a statement released by the Turkish Literature Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Garaudy was born in Marseilles on July 17, 1913. He was awarded a doctorate degree in literature by Sorbonne University in 1952 and another doctorate in science in 1954 by the Soviet Union Academy of Sciences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Garaudy was chief of the Marxism Investigation and Research Center and a deputy in French Parliament and deputy speaker of the French Assembly. He was also one of the most senior members of the French Communist Party before he converted to Islam in 1982.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1986, he published “The Founding Myths of Modern Israel,” but it was banned by a French court as a result of pressure from the Israeli lobby in France because it included a denial of the Holocaust. Nearly 30 books by the French thinker have been translated into Turkish.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/390151</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2012-05-09,post-390151</guid>
    <pubDate>Wed, 09 May 2012 14:45:32 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;In Leidenschaft fiel tief mein Herz-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Ich gab mein Haupt an Streit und Schmerz-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Ich weine still in mich hinein,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;In Blut faerbt mich die Liebe ein,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Kann nüchtern nicht, verwirt nicht sein-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Berauscht hat mich der Liebe Trank,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sie nahm mein Herz und macht' mich krank-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Wollt' führen mich zur Opferbank-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Bald weh ich, wie der Wind es tut,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Bald staub ich, wie ein Weg voll Glut,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Bald fliess ich, wie des Wildbachs Flut-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Blass meine Haut, mein Auge weint,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Mein Herz zerstückelt und versteint,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Erfahren und dem Schmerz geeint-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Als armer Yunus wohl bekannt,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Von Kopf bis Fuss voll Wundenbrand,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Ich schweife fern von Freundes Hand-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Yunus EMRE&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Übersetzt von Annemarie SCHIMMEL&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;In Leidenschaft fiel tief mein Herz-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Ich gab mein Haupt an Streit und Schmerz-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Ich weine still in mich hinein,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;In Blut faerbt mich die Liebe ein,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Kann nüchtern nicht, verwirt nicht sein-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Berauscht hat mich der Liebe Trank,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sie nahm mein Herz und macht' mich krank-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Wollt' führen mich zur Opferbank-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Bald weh ich, wie der Wind es tut,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Bald staub ich, wie ein Weg voll Glut,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Bald fliess ich, wie des Wildbachs Flut-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Blass meine Haut, mein Auge weint,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Mein Herz zerstückelt und versteint,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Erfahren und dem Schmerz geeint-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Als armer Yunus wohl bekannt,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Von Kopf bis Fuss voll Wundenbrand,&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Ich schweife fern von Freundes Hand-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Sieh, was die Lieb aus mir gemacht!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Yunus EMRE&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;Übersetzt von Annemarie SCHIMMEL&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Come, see what love has done to me</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/384100</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2012-03-31,post-384100</guid>
    <pubDate>Sat, 31 Mar 2012 08:47:18 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p align="center" style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#555555;"&gt;Burning, burning, I drift and tread.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Love spattered my body with blood.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I'm not in my senses nor mad,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Now and then like the winds I blow,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Now and then like the roads I go,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Now and then like the floods I flow,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hold my hand, lift me from this place&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Or take me into your embrace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
You made me weep, make me rejoice,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Searching, I roam from land to land,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In all tongues I ask for the Friend.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Who knows my plight where love is banned?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Lovelorn, I tread; madly I scream.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
My loved one is my only dream;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I wake and plunge into deep gloom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I'm Yunus, mystic of sorrow,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Suffering wounds from top to toe;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the Friend's hands I writhe in woe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align="center" style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#555555;"&gt;Yunus EMRE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align="center" style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;von Turkish&lt;/span&gt; Cultural Foundation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Come, see what love has done to me</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p align="center" style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#555555;"&gt;Burning, burning, I drift and tread.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Love spattered my body with blood.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I'm not in my senses nor mad,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Now and then like the winds I blow,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Now and then like the roads I go,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Now and then like the floods I flow,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Hold my hand, lift me from this place&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Or take me into your embrace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
You made me weep, make me rejoice,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Searching, I roam from land to land,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In all tongues I ask for the Friend.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Who knows my plight where love is banned?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Lovelorn, I tread; madly I scream.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
My loved one is my only dream;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I wake and plunge into deep gloom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I'm Yunus, mystic of sorrow,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Suffering wounds from top to toe;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
In the Friend's hands I writhe in woe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Come, see what love has done to me.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align="center" style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#555555;"&gt;Yunus EMRE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p align="center" style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;von Turkish&lt;/span&gt; Cultural Foundation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/377972</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2012-02-26,post-377972</guid>
    <pubDate>Sun, 26 Feb 2012 08:27:07 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;the History of Corpse Medicine from the Renaissance to the Victorians&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;By &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/search/author/richard_sugg/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;Richard Sugg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Published &lt;/em&gt;27th June 2011 by Routledge – 374 pages&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/resources/complimentary_exam_copy_request/9780203154182/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;e&lt;/abbr&gt;–Inspection Copy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Purchasing Options:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paperback&lt;/strong&gt;: 978-0-415-67417-1: &lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;£24.99&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/account/cart/?a=additem&amp;isbn=9780415674171&amp;p=281923" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Add to Cart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hardback&lt;/strong&gt;: 978-0-415-67416-4: &lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;£90.00&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/account/cart/?a=additem&amp;isbn=9780415674164&amp;p=281922" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Add to Cart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415674171/#description" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;Description&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415674171/#reviews" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;Reviews&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415674171/#contents" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;Contents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415674171/#subjects" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;Subjects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Description&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires charts in vivid detail the largely forgotten history of European corpse medicine, when kings, ladies, gentlemen, priests and scientists prescribed, swallowed or wore human blood, flesh, bone, fat, brains and skin against epilepsy, bruising, wounds, sores, plague, cancer, gout and depression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One thing we are rarely taught at school is this: James I refused corpse medicine; Charles II made his own corpse medicine; and Charles I was made into corpse medicine. Ranging from the execution scaffolds of Germany and Scandinavia, through the courts and laboratories of Italy, France and Britain, to the battlefields of Holland and Ireland, and on to the tribal man-eating of the Americas, Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires argues that the real cannibals were in fact the Europeans. Medicinal cannibalism utilised the formidable weight of European science, publishing, trade networks and educated theory. For many, it was also an emphatically Christian phenomenon. And, whilst corpse medicine has sometimes been presented as a medieval therapy, it was at its height during the social and scientific revolutions of early-modern Britain. It survived well into the eighteenth century, and amongst the poor it lingered stubbornly on into the time of Queen Victoria. This innovative book brings to life a little known and often disturbing part of human history. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/book" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.routledge.com/book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;the History of Corpse Medicine from the Renaissance to the Victorians&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;By &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/search/author/richard_sugg/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;Richard Sugg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Published &lt;/em&gt;27th June 2011 by Routledge – 374 pages&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/resources/complimentary_exam_copy_request/9780203154182/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;e&lt;/abbr&gt;–Inspection Copy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Purchasing Options:&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paperback&lt;/strong&gt;: 978-0-415-67417-1: &lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;£24.99&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/account/cart/?a=additem&amp;isbn=9780415674171&amp;p=281923" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Add to Cart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hardback&lt;/strong&gt;: 978-0-415-67416-4: &lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;£90.00&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/account/cart/?a=additem&amp;isbn=9780415674164&amp;p=281922" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Add to Cart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415674171/#description" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;Description&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415674171/#reviews" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;Reviews&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415674171/#contents" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;Contents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415674171/#subjects" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;Subjects&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Description&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires charts in vivid detail the largely forgotten history of European corpse medicine, when kings, ladies, gentlemen, priests and scientists prescribed, swallowed or wore human blood, flesh, bone, fat, brains and skin against epilepsy, bruising, wounds, sores, plague, cancer, gout and depression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One thing we are rarely taught at school is this: James I refused corpse medicine; Charles II made his own corpse medicine; and Charles I was made into corpse medicine. Ranging from the execution scaffolds of Germany and Scandinavia, through the courts and laboratories of Italy, France and Britain, to the battlefields of Holland and Ireland, and on to the tribal man-eating of the Americas, Mummies, Cannibals and Vampires argues that the real cannibals were in fact the Europeans. Medicinal cannibalism utilised the formidable weight of European science, publishing, trade networks and educated theory. For many, it was also an emphatically Christian phenomenon. And, whilst corpse medicine has sometimes been presented as a medieval therapy, it was at its height during the social and scientific revolutions of early-modern Britain. It survived well into the eighteenth century, and amongst the poor it lingered stubbornly on into the time of Queen Victoria. This innovative book brings to life a little known and often disturbing part of human history. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.routledge.com/book" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.routledge.com/book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>To understand 1915, you need to look at Balkans and Caucasus too</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/373850</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2012-02-01,post-373850</guid>
    <pubDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2012 15:28:02 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;1 February 2012 / SERVET YANATMA, ANKARA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;In his first interview following the French Senate's approval of the Armenian genocide denial bill, the French ambassador in Ankara has stated that in order to understand what happened in 1915, the expulsion of Turks from the Balkans and the Caucasus should be looked at, as 2.5 million Turks were also killed as the Ottoman Empire collapsed.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“People in France do not know that Turks lost 2.5 million people in the period leading to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, while we lost 1.6 million around the same time in World War I,” Laurent Bili, the French ambassador told Today's Zaman on Monday. Bili touched on an issue that is usually left untouched by Western diplomats when they reflect on the events of 1915, which has recently been described as the date of the alleged “Armenian genocide.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“People should know, and I am trying to let them know, about all those losses. But Turks should also know that France is home to ethnic Armenians; about ten times the Armenian population in Turkey,” Bili stated to clarify the motivation behind the controversial denial bill in France. “Remembering their pains, as well as genocide, has become part of French history. In fact, mine is an impossible mission to accomplish,” Bili said, to express that French officials are impacted by the weight of the losses suffered by Armenians, half a million of whom reside in France. In the light of upcoming elections, their vote may make a big difference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The election is expected to be a contest between current President Nicolas Sarkozy and his Socialist Party rival François Hollande.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In response to what can be done to bridge Armenian-Turkish relations, Bili proposed that Armenians in France should visit Turkey; he thinks that Armenians do not know how Turkey has changed. “Maybe we, the French diplomats, have not worked hard enough to explain the changes [in Turkey] and looked the other way, but we eventually need to find a way to bring Turkey closer with the Armenian diaspora,” Bili said to explain the lack of information in France with regards to the “fast-paced changes in Turkey.” Having worked as an adviser to France’s former president, Jacques Chirac, and learned a vast amount about the Caucuses, Bili invited the Armenians in France to “come and get to know Turkey and meet a Turk,” saying that it is high time to solve the issue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Based on his knowledge on the events of 1915, Bili further stressed that the alleged genocide of Armenians by Ottoman Turks cannot be understood “merely by looking at events of 1915.” Bili expressed his opinion that the events started long before 1915. “To understand the tragedy you need to look further than 1915; Turks’ expulsion from the Caucuses and Balkans started gradually in 1878,” Bili added. He claims that, among the one million Turks expelled from the Balkans, more than 100,000 went missing. “I understand that Armenians paid the price at the end of the long suffering. But in this vast region, you need to understand what happened for a 100 years,” Bili added. He also expressed concerns over whether his post in Turkey will resume after the controversial French bill, which was taken to the French Constitutional Council for a possible annulment a day after Bili made his comments regarding the denial bill. “All in all, the bill might be unsuitable, but it should not elicit extreme reactions,” he said in an attempt to calm the anxieties of Turkish officials. The bill might make it a crime to say that the Armenian deaths of 1915 did not constitute genocide, and punish offenders by up to one year in prison and a fine of 45,000 euro. “There has been quite a lot of discussion on the compatibility of such bills in France. Severing ties is not the best way of building tomorrow’s world,” the French ambassador also said to urge Turkey not to overreact in the event that the bill passes and becomes a law.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As regards the climate in Turkey when he first arrived in the country, Bili said: “The atmosphere was extremely different when I got here. I received clear instructions: France needs to pay attention to its relations with Turkey and we need to start a new process.” Bili added that the atmosphere changed in October and, “Now we are back to the Armenian issue and the tension is palpable. My job is not that easy.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>To understand 1915, you need to look at Balkans and Caucasus too</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;1 February 2012 / SERVET YANATMA, ANKARA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;In his first interview following the French Senate's approval of the Armenian genocide denial bill, the French ambassador in Ankara has stated that in order to understand what happened in 1915, the expulsion of Turks from the Balkans and the Caucasus should be looked at, as 2.5 million Turks were also killed as the Ottoman Empire collapsed.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“People in France do not know that Turks lost 2.5 million people in the period leading to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, while we lost 1.6 million around the same time in World War I,” Laurent Bili, the French ambassador told Today's Zaman on Monday. Bili touched on an issue that is usually left untouched by Western diplomats when they reflect on the events of 1915, which has recently been described as the date of the alleged “Armenian genocide.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“People should know, and I am trying to let them know, about all those losses. But Turks should also know that France is home to ethnic Armenians; about ten times the Armenian population in Turkey,” Bili stated to clarify the motivation behind the controversial denial bill in France. “Remembering their pains, as well as genocide, has become part of French history. In fact, mine is an impossible mission to accomplish,” Bili said, to express that French officials are impacted by the weight of the losses suffered by Armenians, half a million of whom reside in France. In the light of upcoming elections, their vote may make a big difference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The election is expected to be a contest between current President Nicolas Sarkozy and his Socialist Party rival François Hollande.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In response to what can be done to bridge Armenian-Turkish relations, Bili proposed that Armenians in France should visit Turkey; he thinks that Armenians do not know how Turkey has changed. “Maybe we, the French diplomats, have not worked hard enough to explain the changes [in Turkey] and looked the other way, but we eventually need to find a way to bring Turkey closer with the Armenian diaspora,” Bili said to explain the lack of information in France with regards to the “fast-paced changes in Turkey.” Having worked as an adviser to France’s former president, Jacques Chirac, and learned a vast amount about the Caucuses, Bili invited the Armenians in France to “come and get to know Turkey and meet a Turk,” saying that it is high time to solve the issue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Based on his knowledge on the events of 1915, Bili further stressed that the alleged genocide of Armenians by Ottoman Turks cannot be understood “merely by looking at events of 1915.” Bili expressed his opinion that the events started long before 1915. “To understand the tragedy you need to look further than 1915; Turks’ expulsion from the Caucuses and Balkans started gradually in 1878,” Bili added. He claims that, among the one million Turks expelled from the Balkans, more than 100,000 went missing. “I understand that Armenians paid the price at the end of the long suffering. But in this vast region, you need to understand what happened for a 100 years,” Bili added. He also expressed concerns over whether his post in Turkey will resume after the controversial French bill, which was taken to the French Constitutional Council for a possible annulment a day after Bili made his comments regarding the denial bill. “All in all, the bill might be unsuitable, but it should not elicit extreme reactions,” he said in an attempt to calm the anxieties of Turkish officials. The bill might make it a crime to say that the Armenian deaths of 1915 did not constitute genocide, and punish offenders by up to one year in prison and a fine of 45,000 euro. “There has been quite a lot of discussion on the compatibility of such bills in France. Severing ties is not the best way of building tomorrow’s world,” the French ambassador also said to urge Turkey not to overreact in the event that the bill passes and becomes a law.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As regards the climate in Turkey when he first arrived in the country, Bili said: “The atmosphere was extremely different when I got here. I received clear instructions: France needs to pay attention to its relations with Turkey and we need to start a new process.” Bili added that the atmosphere changed in October and, “Now we are back to the Armenian issue and the tension is palpable. My job is not that easy.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>THE LAUSANNE PEACE TREATY AND THE ARMENIAN PROBLEM</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/372862</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2012-01-26,post-372862</guid>
    <pubDate>Thu, 26 Jan 2012 09:33:01 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Gündüz AKTAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;* &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Armenian problem is not an issue that is generally taken up and discussed in the Lausanne Peace Treaty context. Yet, lately, Armenians have begun to make intense efforts to persuade the world to recognize the “genocide,” seeking ways of reviving the general approach that had once been embodied by the Sèvres Treaty and, in this context, proving, from their own standpoint, that the Lausanne Treaty is invalid. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span&gt;The Armenian argument boils down to the following: “What happened in the past was a genocide. There can be no statutory limitations for the punishment of genocide. The reality of genocide cannot be erased with a treaty. For this reason, the Lausanne Peace Treaty is unlawful, invalid vis-à-vis the ‘Armenian genocide.’ It cannot be applied to this issue. Under the circumstances, the relevant provisions of the earlier Sèvres Treaty would automatically gain validity and become applicable.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span&gt;But can it be so? The Lausanne Peace Treaty is a highly important contract, an agreement that was signed and ratified and put into effect by the quasi-totality of the then international community according to the proper procedure and still remains in force, an agreement that covers all the political, military, economic, financial and humanitarian issues pertaining to the Republic of Turkey being the successor of the Ottoman State, an agreement that creates an objective status in this regard and, therefore, has consequences for third countries as well. Issues such as revision, alteration or termination of this treaty can be examined and assessed not according to the subjective demands and evaluations of the Armenians but only according to the specific principles and rules cited in the treaty itself and the general tenets and procedures of the International Law of Treaties. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Lausanne Peace Treaty constitutes a general legal framework that regulates multilateral relations whereas Turkey-Armenia relations are bilateral, special relations. In fact, relations between Turkey and Armenia had been the subject of several agreements concluded prior to the Lausanne Peace Treaty, namely, the Turkey-Armenia Peace Treaty signed in Gyumri on December 2, 1920; the Turkey-Armenia Peace Treaty signed in Moscow on March 16, 1921; the Turkey-Soviet Russia Friendship and Brotherhood Treaty signed in Moscow on March 16, 1921; and the Friendship Treaty signed by Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia in Kars on October 13, 1921. Just as the Sèvres Treaty, the first of these treaties, the Treaty of Gyumri, was not ratified. (The Soviet invasion of the Caucasus prevented the ratification process.) Therefore, like the Sèvres Treaty, it could never be implemented. The last two of these treaties, on the other hand, are still in force. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;As can be seen, from Turkey’s standpoint, the Armenian problem is an issue that was resolved in the period that preceded the Lausanne Peace Treaty. Armenians made certain efforts during the Lausanne process, yet these should be viewed as a &lt;i&gt;new &lt;/i&gt;political and diplomatic initiative – one that failed. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;In this context, it is useful to explain the discussions that took place in the course of the Lausanne process on the Armenian incidents. In &lt;span&gt;1915, &lt;/span&gt;that is, one year after the start of the First World War, the Ottoman armies were fighting on three fronts. The war was continuing with the British and French in Gelibolu (Gallipoli), with the Russians on the eastern front and with the British first in Suez and later in Iraq. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The relocation of the Armenians from one part of the Ottoman Empire to another began in May 1915. The Allied Powers (Britain, France and Russia) promptly issued a communiqué on May 24. They said that the Ottoman Empire was committing crimes against humanity and stressed that the Porte, that is, the Ottoman Government, would be held personally responsible for what was being done to the Armenians. That communiqué was important with respect to the Sèvres Treaty. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;In 1916, with the assumption that the Ottoman Empire would be defeated in the war, an Englishman and a Frenchman, Sykes and Picot, were assigned the task of drafting agreements on how the Ottoman Empire would be divided. These agreements, signed between the Allied Powers (France-Britain, Britain-Russia and France-Russia), came to be known as the Sykes-Picot Accord. With these agreements, it was planned that the eastern parts of Anatolia would be given to Russia and that the Armenians too would live there.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn1" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;However, a number of developments that occurred in 1917 changed the situation altogether: A revolution took place in Russia. As a result, Russia withdrew from the war. The USA joined the war but, while declaring war on Germany, it did not declare war on the Ottoman Empire. In the end, the Central Powers (Germany-Austria-Ottoman Empire) lost the war in 1918 and the Ottomans signed the Armistice of Mudros on October 30, 1918. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;During that period, President Wilson of the USA made his “Fourteen Points” declaration on peace, advocating the adoption of the “self­-determination” principle. Article 12 of the declaration said that Turks should be granted the right to self-determination in that region of the Ottoman Empire to be left to the Turks. However, it did not mention the boundaries of that region. The region to be left to the Turks was to be the subject matter of the Sèvres Treaty. Wilson declared that the “nationalities” to be “freed of Turkish rule,” including the Armenians, would be entitled to an autonomous political entity and life. It was under such conditions that the peace conference that was to culminate in the Sèvres Treaty began in January 1919. The Ottoman Empire could not actually take part in that conference and in its deliberations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn2" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; Despite that, it took the conference a very long time to reach decisions. It began in January 1919 and ended in August 1920. Although it did not witness serious negotiations, it could not be brought to a conclusion all that time because the participants could not find a solution to the Armenian problem. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Armenians took part in the conference with two delegations. One of these was called the Delegation of the Republic of Armenia and the other, which represented those who were outside Armenia, the Armenian National Delegation. The latter was headed by the much talked-about Boghos Nubar Pasha, allegedly an Ottoman Pasha (he was an Egyptian Armenian). At the start of the conference, Boghos Nubar Pasha made a statement, “We fought against the Ottomans. For this reason we are one of the warring parties. It is in this capacity that we want to take part in the conference.” Even if the 1948 UN Convention on Genocide had been retroactive – which it is not – and a legal assessment were to be made on the basis of that assumption, these words would create a highly interesting situation indeed. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;According to the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, if a given group is a party to an armed conflict, its members will not be placed into the category of persons to be protected within the framework of the Convention.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn3" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; Therefore, by saying that the Armenians were one of the warring parties, Boghos Nubar Pasha confessed that the Armenians had made war against the Turks, rendering groundless right from the beginning the genocide allegations that were to be made at a later date. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Throughout this process, the Armenians demanded establishment of a new Armenian state (in addition to the territories of the existing Republic of Armenia) in an area covering six eastern provinces of the Ottoman State plus Cilicia, that is, the region between Adana and Maras in the south. The six Ottoman provinces in question correspond roughly to 24 provinces of modern Turkey. This is a total area of 250,000 - 300,000 square kilometers. The westerners sympathized with the Armenian demand. However, the Armenian population in that region was too small to create and govern a state of such size. For this reason, prior to the Russian withdrawal from the war, it had been contemplated to place the planned Armenian state in Anatolia under Russian protection. After Russia withdrew from the war, it was contemplated to give the region to the USA instead. US President Wilson had a warm reaction to this suggestion. However, he could not realize adoption of the motion in the US Congress. The US Congress did not want an Armenia under US mandate, supporting instead the idea of an independent Armenian state. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Sèvres Treaty was signed on August 10, 1920. Many of its articles concern “Armenia.” The most significant one of these is Article 88. That article says that Turkey recognizes in advance the independence and freedom of the (still nonexistent) new Armenian state. According to Article 89, the power of fixing the exact frontiers of that Armenia was being assigned to President Wilson. It was stated clearly where these frontiers should lie. The article says that the frontier should be delimited in such a way that the whole or any portion of (that is, an important part of) Erzurum-Trabzon-Van-Bitlis-Lake Van would be transferred to Armenia. Wilson was being asked to provide the answer to the question whether the territories of the planned Armenian state should encompass all or part of the aforementioned provinces. With that treaty, Turkey was renouncing in advance all its rights and title over the territory in the provinces it would thus lose. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The second set of articles concerning Armenians was listed through Articles 226-230 of the treaty. These articles envisaged that those responsible for the “Armenian incidents” would be tried by the tribunals to be determined by the Allied Powers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn4" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Ottoman Parliament never ratified the Sèvres Treaty. Meanwhile, the Turkish War of Liberation began. The armed struggle on the eastern front came to an end earlier than at the other fronts – with the victory of the young Turkish State. After the war was won on the eastern front, first the Treaty of Gyumri and then the Treaties of Moscow and Kars were signed. However, as mentioned above, two days after signing the Treaty of Gyumri, the Bolsheviks came to prevail in the South Caucasus and the treaty could not be put into force. To make up for that, first the Treaty of Moscow and then – in line with Articles 6 and 15 of the Treaty of Moscow – the Treaty of Kars were concluded. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Within this legal framework, the frontier problem between Turkey and Armenia was solved via Articles 1 and 2 of the Treaty of Moscow and Articles 2 and 4 of the Treaty of Kars. Furthermore, contrary to what the Armenians are claiming, even if the Treaties of Sèvres and Gyumri had been ratified and put into force according to the appropriate procedure, these would have to be considered invalid anyway due to Article 6 of the Treaty of Moscow and Article 1 of the Treaty of Kars.&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn5" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Meanwhile, according to Article 15 of the Treaty of Kars, each of the contracting parties came under the obligation to declare – immediately after the signing of the treaty – a full general amnesty for the nationals of the other party for crimes and offenses committed due to the war on the Caucasian front.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn6" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Later, Turkey won the battles of Sakarya and Dumlupınar. In October 1922, the Armistice of Mudanya was signed. In November, the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM) Government was invited to the Lausanne Peace Conference. The instructions that the Turkish delegation received from the TBMM before leaving for Lausanne consisted, as a coincidence, of 14 points. These instructions mainly involved the frontiers, the capitulations and the minorities. However, there were two other points that, significantly, empowered Ismet Pasha and his delegation to withdraw from the conference at any point without having to seek permission from Ankara. In other words, the Turkish delegation was authorized to say, “No, thank you,” and leave if the Allied Powers insisted on demands on two subjects. One of these two important subjects was the Armenian homeland issue and the other was the capitulations. The TBMM Government was prepared to make concessions even from the frontiers issue despite the National Pact criterion. However, it was clearly determined, from day one, not to make any concessions at all regarding the “Armenian homeland” or the “capitulations.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Armenians wanted to take part in the Lausanne Conference as well but this time they made no such statements as, “We were one of the warring parties.” In the end, the Armenians managed to take part not in the main commissions but in one of the sub-commissions. That sub-commission, where the Turkish delegation was led by Rıza Nur, saw the toughest diplomatic clashes. Rıza Nur, having no diplomatic career, used strong language.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn7" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span&gt;Each time Rıza Nur talked in a severe manner to his interlocutors, Ismet Pasha would offer a “superficial” apology and that scene would be enacted over and over.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn8" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;In the end the Lausanne Treaty could be signed. The text made no reference at all to the Armenians. On the other hand, the provisions about human rights (the provisions related to non-discrimination on racial, linguistic, religious, etc. grounds) indirectly concerned the Armenians as well (see Appendix, Document 4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn9" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Contrary to the common belief, the “Declaration of Amnesty and Protocol,” which is an annex to the Lausanne Treaty, was drafted in line with the insistent demands of not Turkey but the Allied Powers (for the full text of the Protocol see Appendix, Document 5). With that general amnesty all of the crimes committed in wartime were pardoned. The crimes the Greek Army committed in Anatolia too were pardoned along with the crimes committed against the Armenians and vice versa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn10" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Under Paragraph 6 of the Declaration, the Turkish state pledged not to contest the measures the British and the French had taken to ensure the return of (and restitution of property to) those Armenians who had been in the regions left outside the borders of Turkey (such as Syria) from 1918 when the Ottoman Empire lost the war and until the end of 1922, especially during the time Istanbul and the Ottoman Parliament had been under foreign occupation. According to that paragraph, those Armenians who wanted to come back would be able to do so, and the measures taken regarding those Armenians who were within the Turkish borders and had their property restituted, would remain valid.&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn11" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Another provision that indirectly concerns the Armenians is Article 31 of the Lausanne Peace Treaty about nationality. Those Armenians who had not lost Turkish nationality would be able to come back anyway. The children of those Armenians who had lost Turkish nationality would be able to come to Turkey if, when they became 18-years-old, they chose Turkish nationality within a certain time limit. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Among the Lausanne Peace Treaty provisions that indirectly concern the Armenians, the most interesting ones are in the Articles &lt;span&gt;65-72 &lt;/span&gt;section. At first sight, these economic clauses may seem unrelated to the Armenians. It can be said that the Turkish delegation may have refrained from making a separate and clear reference directly to the Armenians in the Lausanne Treaty since these issues stemmed naturally from the general meaning of human rights law and there was no need for such a specific reference. These economic clauses include a section titled “Property, Rights and Interests.” This section provides protection for all the rights and interests of those who had been subjected to mass relocation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn12" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Here, what is significant is that the same legal principles and procedures were applied for what happened to the Armenians during the First World War and what happened to the Turks during the Balkan Wars. In other words, if the practice to which one of these two peoples was subjected to is to be called genocide, then the practice to which the other was subjected to should be called genocide as well. To put it differently, the same rules of law have to be applied to the Armenians and the Turks because of the incidents they were subjected to. The acts that may be in question have to be assessed according to the same criteria. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Lausanne Peace Treaty does contain certain provisions on insurance policies in general and on life assurance policies in particular that could benefit the Armenians.&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn13" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; However, these create the legal framework for &lt;i&gt;private law &lt;/i&gt;relationships between persons in a private law context. Discussing the technicalities of this issue in detail here would be beyond the specific aims of this article. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;It must not be forgotten that a new state was being founded in Turkey. In that process the problems, debts and responsibilities of the past would have to be phased out. Only in this manner it would be possible to turn a new page and start a new era. In a legal regime, deadlines would be imposed on the exercise of rights on such issues. If the exercise of these rights were to be open-ended, that would create uncertainties as to the legal relationships and the plans that have to be made for the future. For this reason, statutory limitations would be introduced. These limitations enable continuity in deeds and procedures. In this framework, it was agreed that if, for example, an Armenian applied to the Turkish authorities, he or she had to be given a positive reply within six months. Otherwise, he or she would be entitled to apply to a mixed tribunal over the subsequent 12 months. Under the circumstances, the process of resolving the property disputes should have been completed over the 18 months that followed the signing of the Lausanne Peace Treaty and the issues should have been brought before the tribunals if that had to be the case. The disputes were to be resolved “definitely” with the decisions of these “hybrid” tribunals. These statutory limitations have expired, and, in our day, there is no subject matter for implementation of these provisions anymore. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;A similar case may come to mind. Few years back, a problem arose between the USA and Switzerland regarding the Jews. The Jews had obtained compensation from the Swiss Federal Bank, some other Swiss banks and the Swiss Government due to what happened to them during the Second World War. The amounts of compensation were considerable rather than symbolic. Taking this as an example, the Armenians may want to use the same method. However, due to the reasons listed above, legally this is not possible. The Lausanne Peace Treaty has adequately regulated, in a private law context, the rights and interests of persons in question. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;On such private law issues, only real or moral persons whose rights have been injured can be a “party.” The USA being or not being a party to the Lausanne Peace Treaty as a state, is not a decisive factor from the standpoint of whether it has the capacity or not to be a party to the case on such issues. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;In his famous historic “Speech,” Ataturk says two things about the Armenians when listing the things Turkey achieved with the Lausanne Treaty: The Sèvres Treaty had said that crimes had been committed in violation of the law of war and it had envisaged punishment of the Ottomans. With the Lausanne Treaty that was abandoned entirely. The Sèvres Treaty had aimed to create an Armenia whose frontiers would reach the farthest points the Russian armies had reached in Anatolia. That too was abandoned entirely with the Lausanne Treaty. In other words, regarding the Armenian homeland issue, the Turkish delegation carried out in Lausanne the TBMM’s instructions word by word. No concession was made on this subject at all. The Armenians took their place in the Republic of Turkey as Turkish nationals within the framework of the minority rights recognized by the Lausanne Treaty.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.avim.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.avim.org.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref1" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; Retired Ambassador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; In that case, the Armenian presence would be within the Russian borders under Russian mandate or protection. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref2" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; According to the Armenian approach, the fact that a treaty was concluded under such conditions would not affect its legal validity! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref3" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; Undoubtedly, at that time not only the Genocide had not been concluded yet but also the “genocide” concept was not known as a technical term. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref4" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; In other words, the Ottoman Empire was to apprehend those responsible and ensure that they would be tried by the tribunals to be thus established. The “Military Tribunal of Nemrut Mustafa” was one of these. The tribunal in question was set by the Freedom and Accord Party that came to power in 1918, that is, after the Unity and Progress Party lost the war. Taking revenge on the Unity and Progress that had governed the country during the 1914-1918 period, the make-shift tribunal convicted as “guilty of Armenian incidents” almost everybody brought before it without due process. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref5" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; Not only is the Armenian argument that the Sèvres Treaty would “take effect once again” devoid of any legal basis but also the said provisions of these treaties -which were put into effect at a date later than the date on which the Sèvres Treaty was signed- definitely rule out any such possibility. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref6" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; Therefore, even if we wanted to engage in a mental exercise on a hypothetical criminal law problem and assumed that the 1948 UN Convention on Genocide was retroactive to the 1915 incidents, we would still have to conclude that due to Article 15 of the Treaty of Kars, no punishment could be meted out to the “culprits” anyway. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref7" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; Undoubtedly, İsmet Pasha and Rıza Nur may have agreed in advance for Rıza Nur to act in that manner. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref8" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; The reports Ismet Pasha sent to Ankara indicate that many such quarrels took place during the meetings. Ismet Pasha wrote, “Rıza Nur became angry once again and used strong language.” Meanwhile, Britain, too, had its share of Rıza Nur’s verbal attacks. Though, at that time, Britain was as powerful a country as the USA currently is, he was able to say to his British interlocutor, “You, leave us alone and look at Ireland instead.” On two occasions he walked out of the room. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref9" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; See, for example, Articles 37-44 on protection of the minorities. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref10" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; We noted above that this issue had been resolved in the context of the bilateral relations between Turkey and Armenia. Although these provisions mainly regulate Turkish-Greek relations, we believe that, considering the overall structure of the treaty and strategic goals cited in the preamble of the treaty, an additional interpretation in the manner mentioned above may well be made. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref11" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; As mentioned above, these provisions cover the Armenians not specifically but in a general context. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[&lt;u&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt; ] In other words, an Armenian had the right to come and say, “I have lost that house. You are obliged to restitute that.” Those Armenians who were living in Syria after being relocated were able to address their demands for restitution to the French authorities, Syria being under French mandate. In return for granting the Armenians such legitimate rights and interests, something important was obtained: The “Property, Rights and Interests” of those Turks that were similarly forced to relocate (to Turkey) during the Balkan Wars were protected under these same provisions. The Treaty introduces the obligation to grant to Turks and Muslims in Greece, Bulgaria and the countries called “Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia” at that time in place of Yugoslavia the same rights Turkey was granting the Armenians. A deadline was set for demanding these rights and a court was set up to deal with the disputes that might arise. These courts, called “mixed tribunals,” were courts of law and not criminal courts and they consisted of judges from various countries along with Turkish judges.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[&lt;u&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;13&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;] See Lausanne Peace Treaty Article 74 and the First Section annexed to that article: Life Assurance. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>THE LAUSANNE PEACE TREATY AND THE ARMENIAN PROBLEM</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Gündüz AKTAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;* &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The Armenian problem is not an issue that is generally taken up and discussed in the Lausanne Peace Treaty context. Yet, lately, Armenians have begun to make intense efforts to persuade the world to recognize the “genocide,” seeking ways of reviving the general approach that had once been embodied by the Sèvres Treaty and, in this context, proving, from their own standpoint, that the Lausanne Treaty is invalid. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span&gt;The Armenian argument boils down to the following: “What happened in the past was a genocide. There can be no statutory limitations for the punishment of genocide. The reality of genocide cannot be erased with a treaty. For this reason, the Lausanne Peace Treaty is unlawful, invalid vis-à-vis the ‘Armenian genocide.’ It cannot be applied to this issue. Under the circumstances, the relevant provisions of the earlier Sèvres Treaty would automatically gain validity and become applicable.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span&gt;But can it be so? The Lausanne Peace Treaty is a highly important contract, an agreement that was signed and ratified and put into effect by the quasi-totality of the then international community according to the proper procedure and still remains in force, an agreement that covers all the political, military, economic, financial and humanitarian issues pertaining to the Republic of Turkey being the successor of the Ottoman State, an agreement that creates an objective status in this regard and, therefore, has consequences for third countries as well. Issues such as revision, alteration or termination of this treaty can be examined and assessed not according to the subjective demands and evaluations of the Armenians but only according to the specific principles and rules cited in the treaty itself and the general tenets and procedures of the International Law of Treaties. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Lausanne Peace Treaty constitutes a general legal framework that regulates multilateral relations whereas Turkey-Armenia relations are bilateral, special relations. In fact, relations between Turkey and Armenia had been the subject of several agreements concluded prior to the Lausanne Peace Treaty, namely, the Turkey-Armenia Peace Treaty signed in Gyumri on December 2, 1920; the Turkey-Armenia Peace Treaty signed in Moscow on March 16, 1921; the Turkey-Soviet Russia Friendship and Brotherhood Treaty signed in Moscow on March 16, 1921; and the Friendship Treaty signed by Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia in Kars on October 13, 1921. Just as the Sèvres Treaty, the first of these treaties, the Treaty of Gyumri, was not ratified. (The Soviet invasion of the Caucasus prevented the ratification process.) Therefore, like the Sèvres Treaty, it could never be implemented. The last two of these treaties, on the other hand, are still in force. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;As can be seen, from Turkey’s standpoint, the Armenian problem is an issue that was resolved in the period that preceded the Lausanne Peace Treaty. Armenians made certain efforts during the Lausanne process, yet these should be viewed as a &lt;i&gt;new &lt;/i&gt;political and diplomatic initiative – one that failed. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;In this context, it is useful to explain the discussions that took place in the course of the Lausanne process on the Armenian incidents. In &lt;span&gt;1915, &lt;/span&gt;that is, one year after the start of the First World War, the Ottoman armies were fighting on three fronts. The war was continuing with the British and French in Gelibolu (Gallipoli), with the Russians on the eastern front and with the British first in Suez and later in Iraq. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The relocation of the Armenians from one part of the Ottoman Empire to another began in May 1915. The Allied Powers (Britain, France and Russia) promptly issued a communiqué on May 24. They said that the Ottoman Empire was committing crimes against humanity and stressed that the Porte, that is, the Ottoman Government, would be held personally responsible for what was being done to the Armenians. That communiqué was important with respect to the Sèvres Treaty. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;In 1916, with the assumption that the Ottoman Empire would be defeated in the war, an Englishman and a Frenchman, Sykes and Picot, were assigned the task of drafting agreements on how the Ottoman Empire would be divided. These agreements, signed between the Allied Powers (France-Britain, Britain-Russia and France-Russia), came to be known as the Sykes-Picot Accord. With these agreements, it was planned that the eastern parts of Anatolia would be given to Russia and that the Armenians too would live there.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn1" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;However, a number of developments that occurred in 1917 changed the situation altogether: A revolution took place in Russia. As a result, Russia withdrew from the war. The USA joined the war but, while declaring war on Germany, it did not declare war on the Ottoman Empire. In the end, the Central Powers (Germany-Austria-Ottoman Empire) lost the war in 1918 and the Ottomans signed the Armistice of Mudros on October 30, 1918. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;During that period, President Wilson of the USA made his “Fourteen Points” declaration on peace, advocating the adoption of the “self­-determination” principle. Article 12 of the declaration said that Turks should be granted the right to self-determination in that region of the Ottoman Empire to be left to the Turks. However, it did not mention the boundaries of that region. The region to be left to the Turks was to be the subject matter of the Sèvres Treaty. Wilson declared that the “nationalities” to be “freed of Turkish rule,” including the Armenians, would be entitled to an autonomous political entity and life. It was under such conditions that the peace conference that was to culminate in the Sèvres Treaty began in January 1919. The Ottoman Empire could not actually take part in that conference and in its deliberations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn2" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; Despite that, it took the conference a very long time to reach decisions. It began in January 1919 and ended in August 1920. Although it did not witness serious negotiations, it could not be brought to a conclusion all that time because the participants could not find a solution to the Armenian problem. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Armenians took part in the conference with two delegations. One of these was called the Delegation of the Republic of Armenia and the other, which represented those who were outside Armenia, the Armenian National Delegation. The latter was headed by the much talked-about Boghos Nubar Pasha, allegedly an Ottoman Pasha (he was an Egyptian Armenian). At the start of the conference, Boghos Nubar Pasha made a statement, “We fought against the Ottomans. For this reason we are one of the warring parties. It is in this capacity that we want to take part in the conference.” Even if the 1948 UN Convention on Genocide had been retroactive – which it is not – and a legal assessment were to be made on the basis of that assumption, these words would create a highly interesting situation indeed. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;According to the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, if a given group is a party to an armed conflict, its members will not be placed into the category of persons to be protected within the framework of the Convention.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn3" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; Therefore, by saying that the Armenians were one of the warring parties, Boghos Nubar Pasha confessed that the Armenians had made war against the Turks, rendering groundless right from the beginning the genocide allegations that were to be made at a later date. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Throughout this process, the Armenians demanded establishment of a new Armenian state (in addition to the territories of the existing Republic of Armenia) in an area covering six eastern provinces of the Ottoman State plus Cilicia, that is, the region between Adana and Maras in the south. The six Ottoman provinces in question correspond roughly to 24 provinces of modern Turkey. This is a total area of 250,000 - 300,000 square kilometers. The westerners sympathized with the Armenian demand. However, the Armenian population in that region was too small to create and govern a state of such size. For this reason, prior to the Russian withdrawal from the war, it had been contemplated to place the planned Armenian state in Anatolia under Russian protection. After Russia withdrew from the war, it was contemplated to give the region to the USA instead. US President Wilson had a warm reaction to this suggestion. However, he could not realize adoption of the motion in the US Congress. The US Congress did not want an Armenia under US mandate, supporting instead the idea of an independent Armenian state. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Sèvres Treaty was signed on August 10, 1920. Many of its articles concern “Armenia.” The most significant one of these is Article 88. That article says that Turkey recognizes in advance the independence and freedom of the (still nonexistent) new Armenian state. According to Article 89, the power of fixing the exact frontiers of that Armenia was being assigned to President Wilson. It was stated clearly where these frontiers should lie. The article says that the frontier should be delimited in such a way that the whole or any portion of (that is, an important part of) Erzurum-Trabzon-Van-Bitlis-Lake Van would be transferred to Armenia. Wilson was being asked to provide the answer to the question whether the territories of the planned Armenian state should encompass all or part of the aforementioned provinces. With that treaty, Turkey was renouncing in advance all its rights and title over the territory in the provinces it would thus lose. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The second set of articles concerning Armenians was listed through Articles 226-230 of the treaty. These articles envisaged that those responsible for the “Armenian incidents” would be tried by the tribunals to be determined by the Allied Powers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn4" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Ottoman Parliament never ratified the Sèvres Treaty. Meanwhile, the Turkish War of Liberation began. The armed struggle on the eastern front came to an end earlier than at the other fronts – with the victory of the young Turkish State. After the war was won on the eastern front, first the Treaty of Gyumri and then the Treaties of Moscow and Kars were signed. However, as mentioned above, two days after signing the Treaty of Gyumri, the Bolsheviks came to prevail in the South Caucasus and the treaty could not be put into force. To make up for that, first the Treaty of Moscow and then – in line with Articles 6 and 15 of the Treaty of Moscow – the Treaty of Kars were concluded. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Within this legal framework, the frontier problem between Turkey and Armenia was solved via Articles 1 and 2 of the Treaty of Moscow and Articles 2 and 4 of the Treaty of Kars. Furthermore, contrary to what the Armenians are claiming, even if the Treaties of Sèvres and Gyumri had been ratified and put into force according to the appropriate procedure, these would have to be considered invalid anyway due to Article 6 of the Treaty of Moscow and Article 1 of the Treaty of Kars.&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn5" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Meanwhile, according to Article 15 of the Treaty of Kars, each of the contracting parties came under the obligation to declare – immediately after the signing of the treaty – a full general amnesty for the nationals of the other party for crimes and offenses committed due to the war on the Caucasian front.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn6" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Later, Turkey won the battles of Sakarya and Dumlupınar. In October 1922, the Armistice of Mudanya was signed. In November, the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM) Government was invited to the Lausanne Peace Conference. The instructions that the Turkish delegation received from the TBMM before leaving for Lausanne consisted, as a coincidence, of 14 points. These instructions mainly involved the frontiers, the capitulations and the minorities. However, there were two other points that, significantly, empowered Ismet Pasha and his delegation to withdraw from the conference at any point without having to seek permission from Ankara. In other words, the Turkish delegation was authorized to say, “No, thank you,” and leave if the Allied Powers insisted on demands on two subjects. One of these two important subjects was the Armenian homeland issue and the other was the capitulations. The TBMM Government was prepared to make concessions even from the frontiers issue despite the National Pact criterion. However, it was clearly determined, from day one, not to make any concessions at all regarding the “Armenian homeland” or the “capitulations.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Armenians wanted to take part in the Lausanne Conference as well but this time they made no such statements as, “We were one of the warring parties.” In the end, the Armenians managed to take part not in the main commissions but in one of the sub-commissions. That sub-commission, where the Turkish delegation was led by Rıza Nur, saw the toughest diplomatic clashes. Rıza Nur, having no diplomatic career, used strong language.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn7" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span&gt;Each time Rıza Nur talked in a severe manner to his interlocutors, Ismet Pasha would offer a “superficial” apology and that scene would be enacted over and over.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn8" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;In the end the Lausanne Treaty could be signed. The text made no reference at all to the Armenians. On the other hand, the provisions about human rights (the provisions related to non-discrimination on racial, linguistic, religious, etc. grounds) indirectly concerned the Armenians as well (see Appendix, Document 4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn9" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Contrary to the common belief, the “Declaration of Amnesty and Protocol,” which is an annex to the Lausanne Treaty, was drafted in line with the insistent demands of not Turkey but the Allied Powers (for the full text of the Protocol see Appendix, Document 5). With that general amnesty all of the crimes committed in wartime were pardoned. The crimes the Greek Army committed in Anatolia too were pardoned along with the crimes committed against the Armenians and vice versa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn10" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Under Paragraph 6 of the Declaration, the Turkish state pledged not to contest the measures the British and the French had taken to ensure the return of (and restitution of property to) those Armenians who had been in the regions left outside the borders of Turkey (such as Syria) from 1918 when the Ottoman Empire lost the war and until the end of 1922, especially during the time Istanbul and the Ottoman Parliament had been under foreign occupation. According to that paragraph, those Armenians who wanted to come back would be able to do so, and the measures taken regarding those Armenians who were within the Turkish borders and had their property restituted, would remain valid.&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn11" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Another provision that indirectly concerns the Armenians is Article 31 of the Lausanne Peace Treaty about nationality. Those Armenians who had not lost Turkish nationality would be able to come back anyway. The children of those Armenians who had lost Turkish nationality would be able to come to Turkey if, when they became 18-years-old, they chose Turkish nationality within a certain time limit. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Among the Lausanne Peace Treaty provisions that indirectly concern the Armenians, the most interesting ones are in the Articles &lt;span&gt;65-72 &lt;/span&gt;section. At first sight, these economic clauses may seem unrelated to the Armenians. It can be said that the Turkish delegation may have refrained from making a separate and clear reference directly to the Armenians in the Lausanne Treaty since these issues stemmed naturally from the general meaning of human rights law and there was no need for such a specific reference. These economic clauses include a section titled “Property, Rights and Interests.” This section provides protection for all the rights and interests of those who had been subjected to mass relocation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn12" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Here, what is significant is that the same legal principles and procedures were applied for what happened to the Armenians during the First World War and what happened to the Turks during the Balkan Wars. In other words, if the practice to which one of these two peoples was subjected to is to be called genocide, then the practice to which the other was subjected to should be called genocide as well. To put it differently, the same rules of law have to be applied to the Armenians and the Turks because of the incidents they were subjected to. The acts that may be in question have to be assessed according to the same criteria. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;The Lausanne Peace Treaty does contain certain provisions on insurance policies in general and on life assurance policies in particular that could benefit the Armenians.&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftn13" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; However, these create the legal framework for &lt;i&gt;private law &lt;/i&gt;relationships between persons in a private law context. Discussing the technicalities of this issue in detail here would be beyond the specific aims of this article. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;It must not be forgotten that a new state was being founded in Turkey. In that process the problems, debts and responsibilities of the past would have to be phased out. Only in this manner it would be possible to turn a new page and start a new era. In a legal regime, deadlines would be imposed on the exercise of rights on such issues. If the exercise of these rights were to be open-ended, that would create uncertainties as to the legal relationships and the plans that have to be made for the future. For this reason, statutory limitations would be introduced. These limitations enable continuity in deeds and procedures. In this framework, it was agreed that if, for example, an Armenian applied to the Turkish authorities, he or she had to be given a positive reply within six months. Otherwise, he or she would be entitled to apply to a mixed tribunal over the subsequent 12 months. Under the circumstances, the process of resolving the property disputes should have been completed over the 18 months that followed the signing of the Lausanne Peace Treaty and the issues should have been brought before the tribunals if that had to be the case. The disputes were to be resolved “definitely” with the decisions of these “hybrid” tribunals. These statutory limitations have expired, and, in our day, there is no subject matter for implementation of these provisions anymore. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;A similar case may come to mind. Few years back, a problem arose between the USA and Switzerland regarding the Jews. The Jews had obtained compensation from the Swiss Federal Bank, some other Swiss banks and the Swiss Government due to what happened to them during the Second World War. The amounts of compensation were considerable rather than symbolic. Taking this as an example, the Armenians may want to use the same method. However, due to the reasons listed above, legally this is not possible. The Lausanne Peace Treaty has adequately regulated, in a private law context, the rights and interests of persons in question. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;On such private law issues, only real or moral persons whose rights have been injured can be a “party.” The USA being or not being a party to the Lausanne Peace Treaty as a state, is not a decisive factor from the standpoint of whether it has the capacity or not to be a party to the case on such issues. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;In his famous historic “Speech,” Ataturk says two things about the Armenians when listing the things Turkey achieved with the Lausanne Treaty: The Sèvres Treaty had said that crimes had been committed in violation of the law of war and it had envisaged punishment of the Ottomans. With the Lausanne Treaty that was abandoned entirely. The Sèvres Treaty had aimed to create an Armenia whose frontiers would reach the farthest points the Russian armies had reached in Anatolia. That too was abandoned entirely with the Lausanne Treaty. In other words, regarding the Armenian homeland issue, the Turkish delegation carried out in Lausanne the TBMM’s instructions word by word. No concession was made on this subject at all. The Armenians took their place in the Republic of Turkey as Turkish nationals within the framework of the minority rights recognized by the Lausanne Treaty.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.avim.org/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.avim.org.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref1" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; Retired Ambassador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; In that case, the Armenian presence would be within the Russian borders under Russian mandate or protection. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref2" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; According to the Armenian approach, the fact that a treaty was concluded under such conditions would not affect its legal validity! &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref3" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; Undoubtedly, at that time not only the Genocide had not been concluded yet but also the “genocide” concept was not known as a technical term. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref4" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; In other words, the Ottoman Empire was to apprehend those responsible and ensure that they would be tried by the tribunals to be thus established. The “Military Tribunal of Nemrut Mustafa” was one of these. The tribunal in question was set by the Freedom and Accord Party that came to power in 1918, that is, after the Unity and Progress Party lost the war. Taking revenge on the Unity and Progress that had governed the country during the 1914-1918 period, the make-shift tribunal convicted as “guilty of Armenian incidents” almost everybody brought before it without due process. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref5" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; Not only is the Armenian argument that the Sèvres Treaty would “take effect once again” devoid of any legal basis but also the said provisions of these treaties -which were put into effect at a date later than the date on which the Sèvres Treaty was signed- definitely rule out any such possibility. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref6" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; Therefore, even if we wanted to engage in a mental exercise on a hypothetical criminal law problem and assumed that the 1948 UN Convention on Genocide was retroactive to the 1915 incidents, we would still have to conclude that due to Article 15 of the Treaty of Kars, no punishment could be meted out to the “culprits” anyway. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref7" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; Undoubtedly, İsmet Pasha and Rıza Nur may have agreed in advance for Rıza Nur to act in that manner. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref8" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; The reports Ismet Pasha sent to Ankara indicate that many such quarrels took place during the meetings. Ismet Pasha wrote, “Rıza Nur became angry once again and used strong language.” Meanwhile, Britain, too, had its share of Rıza Nur’s verbal attacks. Though, at that time, Britain was as powerful a country as the USA currently is, he was able to say to his British interlocutor, “You, leave us alone and look at Ireland instead.” On two occasions he walked out of the room. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref9" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; See, for example, Articles 37-44 on protection of the minorities. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref10" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; We noted above that this issue had been resolved in the context of the bilateral relations between Turkey and Armenia. Although these provisions mainly regulate Turkish-Greek relations, we believe that, considering the overall structure of the treaty and strategic goals cited in the preamble of the treaty, an additional interpretation in the manner mentioned above may well be made. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/E/FCKeditor/2.6.4/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=post_content&amp;Toolbar=Default#_ftnref11" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:9pt;"&gt; As mentioned above, these provisions cover the Armenians not specifically but in a general context. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[&lt;u&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;12&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt; ] In other words, an Armenian had the right to come and say, “I have lost that house. You are obliged to restitute that.” Those Armenians who were living in Syria after being relocated were able to address their demands for restitution to the French authorities, Syria being under French mandate. In return for granting the Armenians such legitimate rights and interests, something important was obtained: The “Property, Rights and Interests” of those Turks that were similarly forced to relocate (to Turkey) during the Balkan Wars were protected under these same provisions. The Treaty introduces the obligation to grant to Turks and Muslims in Greece, Bulgaria and the countries called “Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia” at that time in place of Yugoslavia the same rights Turkey was granting the Armenians. A deadline was set for demanding these rights and a court was set up to deal with the disputes that might arise. These courts, called “mixed tribunals,” were courts of law and not criminal courts and they consisted of judges from various countries along with Turkish judges.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[&lt;u&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;13&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;] See Lausanne Peace Treaty Article 74 and the First Section annexed to that article: Life Assurance. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>ARMENIAN REBELLIONS AND THE OTTOMANS*</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/369725</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2012-01-08,post-369725</guid>
    <pubDate>Sun, 08 Jan 2012 15:58:09 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;ARMENIAN REBELLIONS AND THE OTTOMANS&lt;a href=""&gt;&lt;span&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:right;" align="right"&gt;Professor Justin McCARTHY&lt;a href=""&gt;&lt;span&gt;**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ottoman Provinces&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Conflict between the Turks and the Armenians was not inevitable. The two peoples should have been friends. When World War I began, the Armenians and Turks had been living together for 800 years. The Armenians of Anatolia and Europe had been Ottoman subjects for nearly 400 years. There were problems during those centuries – problems caused especially by those who attacked and ultimately destroyed the Ottoman Empire. Everyone in the Empire suffered, but it was the Turks and other Muslims who suffered most. Judged by all economic and social standards, the Armenians did well under Ottoman rule. By the late nineteenth century, in every Ottoman province the Armenians were better educated and richer than the Muslims. Armenians worked hard, it is true, but their comparative riches were largely due to European and American influence and Ottoman tolerance. European merchants made Ottoman Christians their agents. European merchants gave them their business. European consuls intervened in their behalf. The Armenians benefited from the education given to them, and not to the Turks, by American missionaries.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
While the lives of the Armenians as a group were improving, Muslims were living through some of the worst suffering experienced in modern history: In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Bosnians were massacred by Serbs; Russians killed and exiled the Circassians, Abkhazians, and Laz; and Turks were killed and expelled from their homelands by Russians, Bulgarians, Greeks, and Serbs. Yet, in the midst of all this Muslim suffering, the political situation of the Ottoman Armenians constantly improved. First, equal rights for Christians and Jews were guaranteed in law. Equal rights increasingly became a reality, as well. Christians took high places in the government. They became ambassadors, treasury officials, even foreign ministers. In many ways, in fact, the rights of Christians became greater than those of the Muslims, because powerful European states intervened in their behalf. The Europeans demanded and received special treatment for Christians. Muslims had no such advantages.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;That was the environment in which Armenians revolted against the Ottoman Empire – hundreds of years of peace, economic superiority, constantly improving political conditions. This would not seem to be a cause for revolution. Yet the nineteenth century saw the beginning of an Armenian revolution that was to culminate in disaster for both. What drove the Armenians and the Turks apart?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Russian Expansion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Russians&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;First and foremost, there were the Russians. Regions where Christians and Muslims had been living together in relative peace were torn asunder when the Russians invaded the Caucasian Muslim lands. Most Armenians were probably neutral, but a significant number took the side of the Russians. Armenians served as spies and even provided armed units of soldiers for the Russians. There were significant benefits for the Armenians: The Russians took Erivan Province, today’s Armenian Republic, in 1828. They expelled Turks and gave the Turkish land, tax-free, to Armenians. The Russians knew that if the Turks remained they would always be the enemies of their conquerors, so they replaced them with a friendly population – the Armenians.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The forced exile of the Muslims continued until the first days of World War I: 300,000 Crimean Tatars, 1.2 million Circassians and Abkhazians, 40,000 Laz, 70,000 Turks. The Russians invaded Anatolia in the war of 1877-78, and once again many Armenians joined the Russian side. They served as scouts and spies. Armenians became the “police” in occupied territories, persecuting the Turkish population. The peace treaty of 1878 gave much of Northeastern Anatolia back to the Ottomans. The Armenians who had helped the Russians feared revenge and fled, although the Turks did not, in fact, take any revenge.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Both the Muslims and the Armenians remembered the events of the Russian invasions. Armenians could see that they would be more likely to prosper if the Russians won. Free land, even if stolen from Muslims, was a powerful incentive for Armenian farmers. Rebellious Ottoman Armenians had found a powerful protector in Russia. Rebels also had a base in Russia from which they could organize rebellion and smuggle men and guns into the Ottoman Empire. The Muslims knew that if the Russians were guardian angels for the Armenians, they were devils for the Muslims. They could see that when the Russians triumphed, Muslims lost their lands and their lives. They knew what would happen if the Russians came again. And they could see that Armenians had been on the side of the Russians. Thus did 800 years of peaceful coexistence disintegrate.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Armenian Revolutionaries&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;It was not until Russian Armenians brought their nationalist ideology to Eastern Anatolia that Armenian rebellion became a real threat to the Ottoman State. Although there were others, two parties of nationalists were to lead the Armenian rebellion. The first, the Hunchakian Revolutionary Party, called the Hunchaks, was founded in Geneva, Switzerland in 1887 by Armenians from Russia. The second, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, called the Dashnaks, was founded in the Russian Empire, in Tiflis, in 1890. Both were Marxist. Their methods were violent. The Hunchak and Dashnak Party Manifestos called for armed revolution in the Ottoman Empire. Terrorism, including the murder of both Ottoman officials and Armenians who opposed them, was part of the party platforms. Although they were Marxists, both groups made nationalism the most important part of their philosophy of revolution. In this they were much like the nationalist revolutionaries of Bulgaria, Macedonia, or Greece.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Population&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Unlike the Greek or Bulgarian revolutionaries, the Armenians had a demographic problem. In Greece, the majority of the population was Greek. In Bulgaria, the majority was Bulgarian. In the lands claimed by the Armenians, however, Armenians were a fairly small minority. The region that was called “Ottoman Armenia,” the “Six Vilâyets” of Sivas, Mamüretülaziz, Diyarbakır, Bitlis, Van, and Erzurum, was only 17% Armenian. It was 78% Muslim. This was to have important consequences for the Armenian revolution, because the only way to create the “Armenia” the revolutionaries wanted was to expel the Muslims who lived there.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Anyone who doubts the intentions of the revolutionaries need only look at their record – actions such as the murder of one governor of Van Province and attempted murder of another, murders of police chiefs and other officials, the attempted assassination of Sultan Abdülhamid II. These were radical nationalists who were at war with the Ottoman State.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Smuggling Routes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Beginning in earnest in the 1890s, the Russian Armenian revolutionaries began to infiltrate the Ottoman Empire. They smuggled rifles, cartridges, dynamite, and fighters across ill-defended borders into Van, Erzurum, and Bitlis provinces along the routes shown on the map. The Ottomans were poorly equipped to fight them. The problem was financial. The Ottomans still suffered from their terrible losses in the 1877-78 War with Russia. They suffered from the Capitulations, from debts, and from predatory European bankers. It must also be admitted that the Ottomans were poor economists. The result was a lack of money to support the new police and military units that were needed to fight the revolutionaries and restrain Kurdish tribes. The number of soldiers and gendarmes in the East was never sufficient, and they were often not paid for months at a time. It was impossible to defeat the rebels with so few resources.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
By far the most successful of the revolutionaries were the Dashnaks. Dashnaks from Russia were the leaders of rebellion. They were the organizers and the “enforcers” who turned the Armenians of Anatolia into rebel soldiers. This was not an easy task, because at first most of the Ottoman Armenians had no wish to rebel. They preferred peace and security and disapproved of the atheistic, socialist revolutionaries. A feeling of separatism and even superiority among the Armenians helped the revolutionaries, but the main weapon that turned the Armenians of the East into rebels was terrorism. The prime cause that united the Armenians against their government was fear.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Before the Armenians could be turned into rebels their traditional loyalty to their Church and their Community leaders had to be destroyed. The rebels realized that Armenians felt the most love and respect for their Church, not for the revolution. The Dashnak Party therefore resolved to take effective control of the Church. Most clergymen, however, did not support the atheistic Dashnaks. The Church could only be taken over through violence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;What happened to Armenian clergymen who opposed the Dashnaks? Priests were killed in villages and cities. Their crime? They were loyal Ottoman subjects. The Armenian bishop of Van, Boghos, was murdered by the revolutionaries in his cathedral on Christmas Eve. His crime? He was a loyal Ottoman subject. The Dashnaks attempted to kill the Armenian Patriarch in Istanbul, Malachia Ormanian. His crime? He opposed the revolutionaries. Arsen, the priest in charge of the important Akhtamar Church in Van, the religious center of the Armenians in the Ottoman East, was murdered by Ishkhan, one of the leaders of Van’s Dashnaks. His crime? He opposed the Dashnaks. But there was an additional reason to kill him: The Dashnaks wanted to take over the Armenian education system that was based in Akhtamar. After Father Arsen was killed, the Dashnak Aram Manukian, a man without known religious belief, became head of the Armenian schools. He closed down religious education and began revolutionary education. So-called “religious teachers” spread throughout Van Province, teaching revolution, not religion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The loyalty of the rebels was to the revolution. Not even their church was safe from their attacks.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The other group that most threatened the power of the rebels was the Armenian merchant class. As a group they favored the government. They wanted peace and order, so that they could do business. They were the traditional secular leaders of the Armenian Community; the rebels wanted to lead the Community themselves, so the merchants had to be silenced. Those who most publicly supported their government, such as Bedros Kapamacıyan, the Mayor of Van, and Armarak, the kaymakam of Gevaş, were assassinated, as were numerous Armenian policemen, at least one Armenian Chief of Police, and Armenian advisors to the Government. Only a very brave Armenian would take the side of the Government.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Dashnaks looked on the merchants as a source of money. The merchants would never donate to the revolution willingly. They had to be forced to do so. The first reported case of extortion from merchants came in Erzurum in 1895, soon after the Dashnak Party became active in the Ottoman domains. The campaign began in earnest in 1901. In that year the extortion of funds through threats and assassination became the official policy of the Dashnak Party. The campaign was carried out in Russia and the Balkans, as well as in the Ottoman Empire. One prominent Armenian merchant, Isahag Zhamharian, refused to pay and reported the Dashnaks to the police. He was assassinated in the courtyard of an Armenian church. Others who did not pay were also killed. The rest of the merchants then paid.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;From 1902 to 1904 the main extortion campaign brought in the equivalent, in today’s money, of more than eight million dollars. And this was only the amount collected by the central Dashnak committee in a short period, almost all from outside the Ottoman Empire. It does not include the amounts extorted from 1895 to 1914 in many areas of the Ottoman Empire. Soon the merchants were paying their taxes to the revolutionaries, not to the government. When the government in Van demanded that the merchants pay their taxes, the merchants pleaded that they had indeed paid taxes, but to the revolutionaries. They said they could only pay the government if the government protected them from the rebels. The same condition prevailed all over Eastern Anatolia, in İzmir, in Cilicia, and elsewhere.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Armenian common people did not escape the extortions of the rebels. They were forced to feed and house the revolutionaries. British Consul Elliot reported:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;They [the Dashnaks] quarter themselves on Christian villages, live on the best to be had, exact contributions to their funds, and make the younger women and girls submit to their will. Those who incur their displeasure are murdered in cold blood.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The greatest cost to villagers was the forced purchase of guns. The villagers were turned into rebel “soldiers”, whether they wished to be or not. If they were to fight the Turks, they needed weapons. The revolutionaries smuggled weapons from Russia and forced the Armenian villagers to buy. The methods used to force the villagers to buy were very effective, as British consul Seele reported:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;An agent arrived in a certain village and informed a villager that he must buy a Mauser pistol. The villager replied that he had no money, whereupon the agent retorted, “You must sell your oxen.” The wretched villager then proceeded to explain that the sowing season would soon arrive and asked how a Mauser pistol would enable him to plough his fields. For reply the agent proceeded to destroy the poor man’s oxen with his pistol and then departed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The rebels had more than military organization in mind when they forced the villagers to buy weapons. The villagers were charged double the normal cost of the weapons. A rifle worth £5 was sold for £10. Both the rebel organization and the rebels themselves did very well from the sales.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;It was the peasants who suffered most. The most basic policy of the revolutionaries was a callous exploitation of the lives of Armenians: Kurdish tribes and their villages were attacked by the rebels, knowing that the tribes would take their revenge on innocent Armenian villagers. The revolutionaries escaped and left their fellow Armenians to die.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Even Europeans, friends of the Armenians, could see that the revolutionaries were the cause of the curse that had descended on Eastern Anatolia. Consul Seele wrote in 1911:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;From what I have seen in the parts of the country I have visited, I have become more convinced than ever of the baneful influence of the Taschnak Committee on the welfare of the Armenians and generally of this part of Turkey. It is impossible to overlook the fact in that in all places where there are no Armenian political organisations or where such organisations are imperfectly developed, the Armenians live in comparative harmony with the Turks and Kurds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Englishman rightly saw that the cause of the unrest in the East was the Armenian revolutionaries. If there were no Dashnaks, the Turks and Armenians would have lived together in peace. The Ottoman Government knew this was true. Why did the Government tolerate so much from the rebels? Why did the Government not stamp them out?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Ottoman failure to effectively oppose the rebels is indeed hard to understand. Imagine a country in which a number of radical revolutionaries, most of them from a foreign country, organize a rebellion. They infiltrate fighters and guns from this foreign country to lead their attack on the government and the people. The radicals openly state they wish to create a state in which the majority of the population will be excluded from rule. They murder and terrorize their own people to force them to join their cause. They murder government officials. They deliberately murder members of the majority in the hope that reprisals will lead other nations to invade. They store thousands of weapons in preparation for revolt. They revolt, are defeated, then revolt again and again. The country that gains most from the rebels’ actions is the country they come from – the country in which they organize, the country in which they have their home base.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
What government would tolerate this? Has there ever been a country that would not jail, and probably hang such rebels? Has there ever been a country that would allow them to continue to operate openly? Yes. That country was the Ottoman Empire. In the Ottoman Empire the Armenian rebels operated openly, stored thousands of weapons, murdered Muslims and Armenians, killed governors and other officials, and rebelled again and again. The only one to truly benefit from their actions was Russia – the country in which they organized, the country their leaders came from.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;How could this happen? The Ottomans were not cowards. The Ottomans were not fools. They knew what the rebels were doing. The Ottomans tolerated the Armenian revolutionaries because the Ottomans had no choice.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;It must be remembered that the very existence of the Ottoman Empire was at stake. Serbia, Bosnia, Romania, Greece, and Bulgaria had already been lost because of European intervention. The Europeans had almost divided the Empire in 1878 and had planned to do so in the 1890s. Only fear that Russia would become too powerful had stopped them. Public opinion in Britain and France could easily change that. Indeed, that was exactly what the Armenian revolutionaries wanted. They wanted the Ottomans to jail and execute Armenian rebels. European newspapers would report that as government persecution of innocent Armenians. They wanted the government to prosecute Armenian revolutionary parties. The European newspapers would report that as denying political freedom to the Armenians. They wanted Muslims to react to Armenian provocations and attacks by killing Armenians. The European newspapers would report only the dead Armenians, not the dead Muslims. Public opinion would force the British and French to cooperate with the Russians and dismember the Empire.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Many politicians in Europe, men such as Gladstone, were as prejudiced against the Turks as were the press and the public. They were simply waiting for the right opportunity to destroy the Ottoman Empire.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The result was that it was nearly impossible for the Ottomans to properly punish the rebels. The Europeans demanded that the Ottomans accept actions from the revolutionaries that the Europeans themselves would never tolerate in their own possessions. When the Dashnaks occupied the Ottoman Bank, Europeans arranged their release. European ambassadors forced the Ottomans to grant amnesty to rebels in Zeytun. They arranged pardons for those who attempted to kill Sultan Abdülhamid II. The Russian consuls would not let Ottoman courts try Dashnak rebels, because they were Russian subjects. Many rebels who were successfully tried and convicted were released, because the Europeans demanded and received pardons for them, in essence threatening the Sultan if he did not release rebels and murderers. One Russian consul in Van even publicly trained Armenian rebels, acting personally as their weapons instructor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;All the Ottomans could do was try to keep things as quiet as possible. That meant not punishing the rebels as they should have been punished. One can only pity the Ottomans. They knew that if they governed properly the result would be the death of their state.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;World War I&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;There were two factors that caused the Ottoman loss in the East in World War I. The first was Enver Paşa’s disastrous attack at Sarıkamış. Enver’s attack on Russia in December of 1914 was in every way a disaster. Of the 95,000 Turkish troops who attacked Russia, 75,000 died. The second factor, the one that concerns us here, was Armenian Revolt.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Desertion Zone&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;As World War I threatened and the Ottoman Army mobilized, Armenians who should have served their country instead took the side of the Russians. The Ottoman Army reported: “From Armenians with conscription obligations those in towns and villages East of the Hopa-Erzurum-Hınıs-Van line did not comply with the call to enlist but have proceeded East to the border to join the organization in Russia.” The effect of this is obvious: If the young Armenian males of the “zone of desertion” had served in the Army, they would have provided more than 50,000 troops. If they had served, there might never have been a Sarıkamış defeat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Armenians from Hopa to Erzurum to Hınıs to Van were not the only Armenians who did not serve. The tens of thousands of Armenians of Sivas who formed chette bands did not serve. The rebels in Zeytun and elsewhere in Cilicia did not serve. The Armenians who fled to the Greek Islands or to Egypt or Cyprus did not serve. More precisely, many of these Armenian young men did serve, but they served in the armies of the Ottomans’ enemies. They did not protect their homeland, they attacked it.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;In Eastern Anatolia, Armenians formed bands to fight a guerilla war against their government. Others fled only to return with the Russian Army, serving as scouts and advance units for the Russian invaders. It was those who stayed behind who were the greatest danger to the Ottoman war effort and the greatest danger to the lives of the Muslims of Eastern Anatolia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has often been alleged by Armenian nationalists that the Ottoman order to deport Armenians was not caused by Armenian rebellion. As evidence, they note the fact that the law of deportation was published in May of 1915, at approximately the same time that the Armenians seized the City of Van. According to this logic, the Ottomans must have planned the deportation some time before that date, so the rebellion could not have been the cause of the deportations. It is true that the Ottomans began to consider the possibility of deportation a few months before May, 1915. What is not true is that May, 1915 was the start of the Armenian rebellion. It had started long before.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;European observers knew long before 1914 that Armenians would join the Russian side in event of war. As early as 1908, British consul Dickson had reported:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Armenian revolutionaries in Van and Salmas [in Iran] have been informed by their Committee in Tiflis that in the event of war they will side with the Russians against Turkey. Unaided by the Russians, they could mobilize about 3,500 armed sharpshooters to harass the Turks about the frontier, and their lines of communication.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;British diplomatic sources reported that in preparation for war, in 1913, the Armenian revolutionary groups met and agreed to coordinate their efforts against the Ottomans. The British reported that this alliance was the result of meetings with “the Russian authorities.” The Dashnak leader (and member of the Ottoman Parliament) Vramian had gone to Tiflis to confer with the Russian authorities. The British also reported that: “[The Armenians] have thrown off any pretence of loyalty they may once have shown, and openly welcome the prospect of a Russian occupation of the Armenian Vilayets.”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Even Dashnak leaders admitted the Dashnaks were Russian allies. The Dashnak Hovhannes Katchaznouni, prime minister of the Armenian Republic, stated that the party plan at the beginning of the war was to ally with the Russians. Since 1910 the revolutionaries had distributed a pamphlet throughout Eastern Anatolia. It demonstrated how Armenian villages were to be organized into regional commands, how Muslim villages were to be attacked, and specifics of guerilla warfare.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Before the war began, Ottoman Army Intelligence reported on Dashnak plans: They would declare their loyalty to the Ottoman State, but increase their arming of their supporters. If war was declared, Armenian soldiers would desert to the Russian Army with their arms. The Armenians would do nothing if the Ottomans began to defeat the Russians. If the Ottomans began to retreat, the Armenians would form armed guerilla bands and attack according to plan. The Ottoman intelligence reports were correct, for that is exactly what happened.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;War&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Russians gave 2.4 million rubles to the Dashnaks to arm the Ottoman Armenians. They began distributing weapons to Armenians in the Caucasus and Iran in September of 1914. In that month, seven months before the Deportations were ordered, Armenian attacks on Ottoman soldiers and officials began. Deserters from the Ottoman Army at first formed into what officials called “bandit gangs”. They attacked conscription officers, tax collectors, gendarmerie outposts, and Muslims on the roads. By December a general revolt had erupted in Van Province. Roads and telegraph lines were cut, gendarmerie outposts attacked, and Muslim villages burned, their inhabitants killed. The revolt soon grew: in December, near the Kotur Pass, which the Ottomans had to hold to defend against Russian invasion from Iran, a large Armenian battle group defeated units of the Ottoman army, killing 400 Ottoman soldiers and forcing the army to retreat to Saray. The attacks were not only in Van: The governor of Erzurum, Tahsin, cabled that he could not hold off the Armenian attacks that were breaking out through the province; soldiers would have to be sent from the front.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;By February, reports of attacks began to come in from all over the East – a two-hour battle near Muş, an eight-hour battle in Abaak, 1,000 Armenians attacking near Timar, Armenian chettes raiding in Sivas, Erzurum, Adana, Diyarbakır, Bitlis, and Van provinces. Telegraph lines to the front and from Ottoman cities to the West were cut, repaired, and cut again many times. Supply caravans to the army were attacked, as were columns of wounded soldiers. Units of gendarmerie and soldiers sent to reconnect telegraph lines or protect supply columns themselves came under attack. As an example of the enormity of the problem, in the middle of April an entire division of gendarmerie troops was ordered from Hakkâri to Çatak to battle a major uprising there, but the division could not fight through the Armenian defenses. That’s why Ottomans had to send a group of soldiers to Çatak from the front.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Once careful preparations had been made, Armenians revolted in the City of Van. On April 20, well-armed Armenian units, many wearing military uniforms, took the city and drove Ottoman forces into the citadel. The rebels burned down most of the city, some buildings also being destroyed by the two canons the Ottomans had in the citadel. Troops were sent from the Erzurum and Iranian Fronts, but they were unable to relieve the city. The Russians and Armenians were advancing from the north and the southwest. On May 17 the Ottomans evacuated the citadel. Soldiers and civilians fought their way southwest around Lake Van. Some took to boats on the Lake, but nearly half of these were killed by rebels firing from the shore or when their boats ran aground. Some of the Muslims of Van survived at least for a while, put in the care of American missionaries. Most who did not escape were killed. Villagers were either killed in their homes or collected from surrounding areas and sent into the great massacre at Zeve.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The ensuing suffering of the Muslims and Armenians is well known. It was a history of bloody warfare between peoples in which all died in great numbers. When the Ottomans retook much of the East, the Armenian population fled to Russia. There they starved and died of disease. When the Russians retook Van and Bitlis Provinces, they did not allow the Armenians to return, leaving them to starve in the North. The Russians wanted the land for themselves. It is also well known that Armenians who remained, those in Erzurum Province, massacred Muslims in great numbers at the end of the war.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;My purpose here is not to retell that history. I wish to demonstrate that the Ottomans were right in considering the Armenians to be their enemies, if further proof is needed. The map shows proof that the Armenian rebels in fact were agents of Russia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Armenians of the Ottoman East rebelled in exactly those areas that were most important to the Russians. The benefit of the rebellion in Van City, the center of Ottoman Administration in the Southeast is obvious. The other sites of rebellion were in reality more important: Rebellion in Erzurum Province cut the Ottoman Army off from supplies and communications. The rebellion was directly in the path of the Russian advance from the North. The Armenians rebelled in the Saray and Başkale regions, at the two major passes that the Russians were to use in their invasion from Iran. The Armenians rebelled in the region near Çatak, at the mountain passes needed for the Ottomans to bring up troops to the Iran frontier, the passes needed for the Ottoman retreat. The Armenians rebelled in great numbers in Sivas Province and in Şebinkarahisar. This would seem to be an odd place for a revolt, a region where the Armenians were outnumbered by the Muslims ten to one, but Sivas was tactically important. It was the railhead from which all supplies and men passed to the Front, basically along one road. It was the prefect site for guerilla action to harass Ottoman supply lines. The Armenians also rebelled in Cilicia, the intended site for a British invasion that would have cut the rail links to the South. It was not the fault of the rebels that the British preferred to attempt the madness at Gallipoli instead of an attack in Cilicia that would surely have been more successful.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;All these regions were the very spots a military planner would choose to most damage the Ottoman war effort. It cannot be an accident that they were also the spots chosen by the rebels for their revolt. Anyone can see that the revolts were a disaster for the Army. The disaster was compounded by the fact that the Ottomans were forced to withdraw whole divisions from the Front to battle the Armenian rebels. The war might have been much different if these divisions had been able to fight the Russians, not the rebels. I agree with Field-Marshall Pomiankowski, who was the only real European historian of World War I in the Ottoman Empire, that the Armenian rebellion was the key to the Ottoman defeat in the East.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Only after seven months of Armenian rebellion did the Ottomans order the deportation of Armenians (May 26-30, 1915).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Ottoman Record&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;How do we know that this analysis is true? It is, after all, very different than what is usually called the history of the Armenians. We know it is true because it is the product of reasoned historical analysis, not ideology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;To understand this, we must consider the difference between history and ideology, the difference between scientific analysis and nationalist belief, the difference between the proper historian and the ideologue. To the historian what matters is the attempt to find the objective truth. To the nationalist ideologue what matters is the triumph of his cause. A proper historian first searches for evidence, then makes up his mind. An ideologue first makes up his mind, then looks for evidence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;A historian looks for historical context. In particular, he judges the reliability of witnesses. He judges if those who gave reports had reason to lie. An ideologue takes evidence wherever he can find it, and may invent the evidence he cannot find. He does not look too closely at the evidence, perhaps because he is afraid of what he will find. As an example, the ideologues contend that the trials of Ottoman leaders after World War I prove that the Turks were guilty of genocide. They do not mention that the so-called trials reached their verdicts when the British controlled Istanbul. They do not mention that the courts were in the hands of the Quisling Damad Ferid Paşa government, which had a long record of lying about its enemies, the Committee of Union and Progress. They do not mention that Damad Ferid would do anything to please the British and keep his job. They do not mention that the British, more honest than their lackeys, admitted that they could not find evidence of any “genocide.” They do not mention that the defendants were not represented by their own lawyers. They do not mention that crimes against Armenians were only a small part of a long list of so-called crimes, everything the judges could invent. The ideologues do not mention that the courts should best be compared to those convened by Josef Stalin. The ideologues do not mention this evidence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;A historian first discovers what actually happened, then tries to explain the reasons. An ideologue forgets the process of discovery. He assumes that what he believes is correct, then constructs a theory to explain it. The work of Dr. Taner Akçam is an example of this. He first accepts completely the beliefs of the Armenian nationalists. He then constructs an elaborate sociological theory, claiming that genocide was the result of Turkish history and the Turkish character. This sort of analysis is like a house built on a foundation of sand. The house looks good, but the first strong wind knocks it down. In this case, the strong wind that destroys the theory is the force of the truth.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;A historian knows that one has to look back in history, sometimes far back in history, to find the causes of events. An ideologue does not bother. Again, he may be afraid of what he will find. Reading the Armenian Nationalists one would assume that the Armenian Question began in 1894. Very seldom does one find in their work mention of Armenian alliances with the Russians against the Turks stretching back to the eighteenth century. One never finds recognition that it was the Russians and the Armenians themselves who began to dissolve 700 years of peace between Turks and Armenians. These are important matters for the historian, but they hurt the cause of the ideologue.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The historian studies. The ideologue wages a political war. From the start the Armenian Question has been a political campaign. Materials that have been used to write the long-accepted and false history of the Armenian Question were written as political documents. They were written for political effect. Whether they were articles in the Dashnak newspaper or false documents produced by the British Propaganda Office, they were propaganda, not sources of accurate history. Historians have examined and rejected all these so-called “historical sources.” Yet the same falsehoods continually appear as “proof” that there was an Armenian Genocide. The lies have existed for so long, the lies have been repeated so many times, that those who do not know the real history assume that the lies are true.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;It is not only Americans and Europeans who have been fooled. Recently I read a two-volume work written by a Turkish scholar. Much of what appears on the Armenians is absolute nonsense. For example, in 1908 in the City of Van, Ottoman officials discovered an arsenal of Dashnak weapons – 2,000 guns, hundreds of thousands of cartridges, 5,000 bombs – all in preparation for an Armenian revolt. Armenians rebels fought Ottoman troops briefly, then fled. This event is described in all the diplomatic literature and books on Van. The author, however, says what occurred was a revolt of 1,000 Turks(!) against the government, and mentions no rebel weapons. How could such a mistake be made? It was because of the source. The author took all information from the Dashnak Party newspaper!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;We must affirm a basic principle: Those who take propaganda as their source themselves write propaganda, not history.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Too many scholars, Turks and non-Turks alike, have accepted the lies of groups like the Dashnak Party and not even looked at the internal reports of the Ottomans. Scholars have the right to make mistakes, but scholars also have a duty to look at all sources of information before they write. It is wrong to base writings on political propaganda and to ignore the honest reports of the Ottomans. The first place to look for Ottoman history should be the records of the Ottomans.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Why rely on Ottoman archival accounts to write history? Because they are the sort of solid data that is the basis of all good history. The Ottomans did not write propaganda for today’s media. The reports of Ottoman soldiers and officials were not political documents or public relations exercises. They were secret internal reports in which responsible men relayed what they believed to be true to their government. They might sometimes have been mistaken, but they were never liars. There is no record of deliberate deception in Ottoman documents. Compare this to the dismal history of Armenian Nationalist deceptions: fake statistics on population, fake statements attributed to Mustafa Kemal, fake telegrams of Talat Pasha, fake reports in a Blue Book, misuse of court records and, worst of all, no mention of Turks who were killed by Armenians.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;I have been asked to make suggestions as to what Turks can do to correct false history. I hesitate to do so, because Turks already know what has to be done –opposing the lies that are told about their ancestors. You are already doing it. It is a hard fight: The prejudices about Turks stand in your way, and those who oppose you are politically strong, but the truth is on your side. I am very pleased that the Turks, and the Turkish Parliament, are uniting to oppose the lies told about the Turks. The recent agreement between Prime Minister Erdoğan, and Minority Leader Baykal, prove that the Turks are taking action. The attempt by the Tarih Kurumu to debate and discuss with Armenian scholars proves that the Turks are taking action. The many books on this issue now being printed by Turkish scholars prove that the Turks are taking action. Men like Şükrü Elekdağ are fighting for the truth. I and others who have long opposed the lies are glad we are not alone.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;In the past, scholars, including myself, have proposed that Turkish and Armenian historians, along with others who study this history, should meet to research and debate the history of the Turks and Armenians. Prime Minister Erdoğan and Dr. Baykal have proposed that all archives be opened to a joint commission on the Armenian Question. This is exactly what should be done. Most important, they have declared that historians should settle this question. They have also shown that Turks have nothing to fear from the truth.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;We can only hope that scholarly integrity will triumph over politics and the Armenian Nationalists will join in debate. I am not hopeful they will do so. I recently gave two talks at the University of Minnesota, a center of so-called “Armenian Genocide Studies”. Dr. Taner Akçam teaches there. Dr. Akçam was invited to my lectures, but did not come. In fact, no Armenian came. Instead all notices of the lecture were torn down, so that others would not know I was speaking.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;This is not a scholarly approach. It is political. The Armenian Nationalists have decided that they will win their political fight if no one knows there is a scholarly opposition to their ideology. Therefore, Armenian Nationalists will only meet with Turks who first state that Turks committed genocide. These are described in the American and European press as “Turkish scholars”. Readers are left with the impression, a carefully-cultivated impression, that Turkish scholars believe there was a genocide. Readers are left with the impression that it is only the Turkish Government that denies there was a genocide.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;We know this is not true. Every year many books and articles are published in Turkey that not only deny the “Armenian Genocide” but document Armenian persecution of Turks. Conferences are held. Mass graves of innocent Turks killed by Armenian Nationalists are found. Museums and monuments are opened to commemorate the Turkish dead. Historians who have seen the Ottoman archival records or read the Turkish books on the Armenian Question do not accept the idea of a genocide. They know that in wartime many Armenians were killed by Turks, and that many Turks were killed by Armenians. They know that this was war, not genocide.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Why do so many in my country and Europe believe that the small group of Turks who accept the Armenian Nationalists beliefs represent Turkish scholarship? Why is it believed that these Turks speak for the real beliefs of Turkish professors? Part of the reason is prejudice. Prejudice against Turks has existed for so long that it easy for people to believe that Turks must have been guilty. Another reason, however, is that few in Europe and America know that real Turkish scholarship on this issue exists.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Excellent work on the Armenian Question is now being written in Turkey. As you know, for too long Turks did not study the history of the Turks and Armenians. This has now changed. Anyone who has seen modern Turkish work on the Armenian Question must be impressed. The Tarih Kurumu has taken the lead in this, as it should. I obviously do not believe that Turks should be the only ones who write Turkish history, but Turks should be the main historians of Turkey. It is your country and your history. The problem lies in bringing the excellent history now being written in Turkey and the documents of Turkish history to scholars, politicians, and the public in other countries. The problem is that Turkish historians naturally write in Turkish, and Europeans and Americans do not read Turkish.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Should those who write the history of Turkey read Turkish? Yes, of course they should read Turkish. Should they use the many books on Turkish history written in Turkish? Yes, of course they should do so. Should they understand all sides of an issue, including the Turkish side, before they write? Yes, because that is a scholar’s duty. Do they always do so? No. In particular, most books on the so-called “Armenian Genocide” do not refer to modern Turkish studies. It is no use saying this is wrong. It is no use telling scholars to learn Turkish. They will not or cannot do so. To be fair, there are few places in my own country where Turkish is taught. The only answer is that the Turkish books must be translated into other languages, especially English, which is understood all over the world. A start has been made. Today there are valuable books, originally in Turkish, that have been translated. These include Esat Uras’ excellent, if now outdated, history, the recent publication on the Armenian Question by the Turkish Parliament, the history written by the Turkish Foreign Office, the late Kâmuran Gürün’s Armenian File, Orel and Yuca’s Talat Pasha Telegrams, and others. The series of Ottoman documents on the Armenian Question, translated and published by the General Staff, the Ottoman Archives, the Tarih Kurumu, and the Foreign Ministry, are perhaps the most valuable of all. But there are so many others that are needed. There are too many to list here, but I note that even the memoirs of Kâzim Karabekir and Ahmet Refik have not been translated. All these books should be read by the widest possible audience. They should be translated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;And the translations must include books that seem to be on topics other than the Armenian Question. There are no accurate and detailed military histories of World War I in the Ottoman Empire in any European language. What exists is often wrong, and not only wrong on the Armenians. General histories of World War I, for example, name the wrong generals, move troops to the wrong places, and never seem to understand Ottoman strategy. They seldom mention the one most significant factor in the war – the incredible strength and endurance of Turkish soldiers. Why is this important to the Armenian Question? It is important because the danger from the Armenian rebellion and the reason for the Armenian deportations cannot be understood unless the military situation is understood. The Ottoman sources prove that the Armenian rebellion was an essential part of the Russian military plan. The Ottoman sources prove that the Armenian rebellion was an important part of the Russian victory. The Ottoman sources prove that the Armenian rebels were, in effect, soldiers in the Russian Army. There is a series of military histories that accurately portray the events of the Ottoman wars and the Turkish War of Independence – the histories published by the Turkish General Staff – many volumes, filled with great detail, many maps, and descriptions of Ottoman plans and actions. These books are based on the reports of the Ottoman soldiers themselves, not only on the reports of the Ottoman enemies. They should be read by every historian of World War I. Yet these books are in Turkish. If they are ever to be used in America and Europe, they must be in English.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;And there must be many more accurate and honest books on Turkey for teachers and students in Europe and America. Only by telling the truth to youth can the prejudices against Turks be finally ended. We have made a start. The Istanbul Chambers of Commerce have financed the first detailed book on Turkey for American teachers. Many more books are needed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Finally, I wish to comment on current politics. Some may feel that I should not do so. I am not a Turk, and this is surely a Turkish problem. Nor am I a political scientist or a politician. I am a historian. I am speaking on this problem because it is basically a historical question. As a historian, I am infuriated when any group, or any country, is ordered to lie about its history. The political problem I am speaking of is the growing cry from Europe that Turkey must admit the “Armenian Genocide” before it can enter the European Union. I am angry that anyone can believe that accepting a lie about Turkish history will somehow be a benefit to Europe or to Turkey. I know, and I believe you know, that it will make matters much worse.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Today the Armenian Nationalists are proclaiming in the parliaments of Europe and the Congress of the United States that they only want Turkey to admit that genocide occurred, then all will be well. I once spoke to an American official who told me that the Turks should say, “Yes, we did it, sorry,” and then forget it. I asked him if he thought the Turks had committed genocide. He replied that he did not know and did not care. I told him the Turks would never lie like that about their fathers and grandfathers. He told me I was naïve. But he was the one who was naive, because he believed that the Armenian Nationalists would be satisfied with an apology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Armenian Claims&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The plan of the Armenian Nationalists has not changed in more than 100 years. It is to create an Armenia in Eastern Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus, regardless of the wishes of the people who live there. The Armenian Nationalists have made their plan quite clear. First, the Turkish Republic is to state that there was an “Armenian Genocide” and to apologize for it. Second, the Turks are to pay reparations. Third, an Armenian state is to be created. The Nationalists are very specific on the borders of this state. The map you see is based on the program of the Dashnak Party and the Armenian Republic. It shows what the Armenian Nationalists claim. The map also shows the population of the areas claimed in Turkey and the number of Armenians in the world. If the Armenians were to be given what they claim, and if every Armenian in the world were to come to Eastern Anatolia, their numbers would still be only half of the number of those Turkish citizens who live there now. Of course, the Armenians of California, Massachusetts, and France would never come in great numbers to Eastern Anatolia. The population of the new “Armenia” would be less than one-fourth Armenian at best. Could such a state long exist? Yes, it could exist, but only if the Turks were expelled. That was the policy of the Armenian Nationalists in 1915. It would be their policy tomorrow.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;We should be very clear on Armenian claims. Their claims are not based on history, because Armenians have not ruled in Eastern Anatolia for more than 900 years. Their claims are not based on culture: Before the revolutionaries and the Russians destroyed all peace, the Armenians and Turks shared the same culture. Armenians were integrated into the Ottoman system, and most of the Armenians spoke Turkish. They ate the same food as the Turks, shared the same music, and lived in the same sorts of houses. The Armenian claims are surely not based on a belief in democracy: Armenians have not been a majority in Eastern Anatolia for centuries, and they would be a small minority there now. Their claims are based on their nationalist ideology. That ideology is unchanging. It was the same in 1895 and 1915 as it is in 2005. They believe there should be an “Armenia” in Eastern Turkey – no matter the history, no matter the rights of the people who live there.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;History teaches that the Armenian Nationalists will not stop their claims if the Turks forget the truth and say there was an Armenian Genocide. They will not cease to claim Erzurum and Van because the Turks have apologized for a crime they did not commit. No. They will increase their efforts.&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:;"&gt;They will say, “The Turks have admitted they did it. Now they must pay for their crimes.” The same critics who now say the Turks should admit genocide will say the Turks should pay reparations. Then they will demand the Turks give &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Erzurum&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; and Van and Elazığ and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Sivas&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; and Bitlis and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Trabzon&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; to &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Armenia&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:;"&gt;I know the Turks will not give in to this pressure. The Turks will not submit, because they know that to do so would simply be wrong. How can it be right to become a member of an organization that demands you lie as the price of admission? Would any honest man join an organization that said, “You can only join us if you first falsely say that your father was a murderer?”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:;"&gt;I hope and trust that the European Union will reject the demands of the Armenian Nationalists. I hope they will realize that the Armenian Nationalists are not concerned with what is best for &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Europe&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;. But whatever the European Union demands, I have faith in the honor of the Turks. What I know of the Turks tells me that they will never falsely say there was an Armenian Genocide. I have faith in the honesty of the Turks. I know that the Turks will resist demands to confess to a crime they did not commit, no matter the price of honesty. I have faith in the integrity of the Turks. I know that the Turks will not lie about this history. I know that the Turks will never say their fathers were murderers. I have that faith in the Turks. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.avim.org.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;www.avim.org.tr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>ARMENIAN REBELLIONS AND THE OTTOMANS*</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align:center;" align="center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;ARMENIAN REBELLIONS AND THE OTTOMANS&lt;a href=""&gt;&lt;span&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:right;" align="right"&gt;Professor Justin McCARTHY&lt;a href=""&gt;&lt;span&gt;**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ottoman Provinces&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Conflict between the Turks and the Armenians was not inevitable. The two peoples should have been friends. When World War I began, the Armenians and Turks had been living together for 800 years. The Armenians of Anatolia and Europe had been Ottoman subjects for nearly 400 years. There were problems during those centuries – problems caused especially by those who attacked and ultimately destroyed the Ottoman Empire. Everyone in the Empire suffered, but it was the Turks and other Muslims who suffered most. Judged by all economic and social standards, the Armenians did well under Ottoman rule. By the late nineteenth century, in every Ottoman province the Armenians were better educated and richer than the Muslims. Armenians worked hard, it is true, but their comparative riches were largely due to European and American influence and Ottoman tolerance. European merchants made Ottoman Christians their agents. European merchants gave them their business. European consuls intervened in their behalf. The Armenians benefited from the education given to them, and not to the Turks, by American missionaries.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
While the lives of the Armenians as a group were improving, Muslims were living through some of the worst suffering experienced in modern history: In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Bosnians were massacred by Serbs; Russians killed and exiled the Circassians, Abkhazians, and Laz; and Turks were killed and expelled from their homelands by Russians, Bulgarians, Greeks, and Serbs. Yet, in the midst of all this Muslim suffering, the political situation of the Ottoman Armenians constantly improved. First, equal rights for Christians and Jews were guaranteed in law. Equal rights increasingly became a reality, as well. Christians took high places in the government. They became ambassadors, treasury officials, even foreign ministers. In many ways, in fact, the rights of Christians became greater than those of the Muslims, because powerful European states intervened in their behalf. The Europeans demanded and received special treatment for Christians. Muslims had no such advantages.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;That was the environment in which Armenians revolted against the Ottoman Empire – hundreds of years of peace, economic superiority, constantly improving political conditions. This would not seem to be a cause for revolution. Yet the nineteenth century saw the beginning of an Armenian revolution that was to culminate in disaster for both. What drove the Armenians and the Turks apart?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Russian Expansion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Russians&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;First and foremost, there were the Russians. Regions where Christians and Muslims had been living together in relative peace were torn asunder when the Russians invaded the Caucasian Muslim lands. Most Armenians were probably neutral, but a significant number took the side of the Russians. Armenians served as spies and even provided armed units of soldiers for the Russians. There were significant benefits for the Armenians: The Russians took Erivan Province, today’s Armenian Republic, in 1828. They expelled Turks and gave the Turkish land, tax-free, to Armenians. The Russians knew that if the Turks remained they would always be the enemies of their conquerors, so they replaced them with a friendly population – the Armenians.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The forced exile of the Muslims continued until the first days of World War I: 300,000 Crimean Tatars, 1.2 million Circassians and Abkhazians, 40,000 Laz, 70,000 Turks. The Russians invaded Anatolia in the war of 1877-78, and once again many Armenians joined the Russian side. They served as scouts and spies. Armenians became the “police” in occupied territories, persecuting the Turkish population. The peace treaty of 1878 gave much of Northeastern Anatolia back to the Ottomans. The Armenians who had helped the Russians feared revenge and fled, although the Turks did not, in fact, take any revenge.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Both the Muslims and the Armenians remembered the events of the Russian invasions. Armenians could see that they would be more likely to prosper if the Russians won. Free land, even if stolen from Muslims, was a powerful incentive for Armenian farmers. Rebellious Ottoman Armenians had found a powerful protector in Russia. Rebels also had a base in Russia from which they could organize rebellion and smuggle men and guns into the Ottoman Empire. The Muslims knew that if the Russians were guardian angels for the Armenians, they were devils for the Muslims. They could see that when the Russians triumphed, Muslims lost their lands and their lives. They knew what would happen if the Russians came again. And they could see that Armenians had been on the side of the Russians. Thus did 800 years of peaceful coexistence disintegrate.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Armenian Revolutionaries&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;It was not until Russian Armenians brought their nationalist ideology to Eastern Anatolia that Armenian rebellion became a real threat to the Ottoman State. Although there were others, two parties of nationalists were to lead the Armenian rebellion. The first, the Hunchakian Revolutionary Party, called the Hunchaks, was founded in Geneva, Switzerland in 1887 by Armenians from Russia. The second, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, called the Dashnaks, was founded in the Russian Empire, in Tiflis, in 1890. Both were Marxist. Their methods were violent. The Hunchak and Dashnak Party Manifestos called for armed revolution in the Ottoman Empire. Terrorism, including the murder of both Ottoman officials and Armenians who opposed them, was part of the party platforms. Although they were Marxists, both groups made nationalism the most important part of their philosophy of revolution. In this they were much like the nationalist revolutionaries of Bulgaria, Macedonia, or Greece.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Population&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Unlike the Greek or Bulgarian revolutionaries, the Armenians had a demographic problem. In Greece, the majority of the population was Greek. In Bulgaria, the majority was Bulgarian. In the lands claimed by the Armenians, however, Armenians were a fairly small minority. The region that was called “Ottoman Armenia,” the “Six Vilâyets” of Sivas, Mamüretülaziz, Diyarbakır, Bitlis, Van, and Erzurum, was only 17% Armenian. It was 78% Muslim. This was to have important consequences for the Armenian revolution, because the only way to create the “Armenia” the revolutionaries wanted was to expel the Muslims who lived there.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Anyone who doubts the intentions of the revolutionaries need only look at their record – actions such as the murder of one governor of Van Province and attempted murder of another, murders of police chiefs and other officials, the attempted assassination of Sultan Abdülhamid II. These were radical nationalists who were at war with the Ottoman State.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Smuggling Routes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Beginning in earnest in the 1890s, the Russian Armenian revolutionaries began to infiltrate the Ottoman Empire. They smuggled rifles, cartridges, dynamite, and fighters across ill-defended borders into Van, Erzurum, and Bitlis provinces along the routes shown on the map. The Ottomans were poorly equipped to fight them. The problem was financial. The Ottomans still suffered from their terrible losses in the 1877-78 War with Russia. They suffered from the Capitulations, from debts, and from predatory European bankers. It must also be admitted that the Ottomans were poor economists. The result was a lack of money to support the new police and military units that were needed to fight the revolutionaries and restrain Kurdish tribes. The number of soldiers and gendarmes in the East was never sufficient, and they were often not paid for months at a time. It was impossible to defeat the rebels with so few resources.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
By far the most successful of the revolutionaries were the Dashnaks. Dashnaks from Russia were the leaders of rebellion. They were the organizers and the “enforcers” who turned the Armenians of Anatolia into rebel soldiers. This was not an easy task, because at first most of the Ottoman Armenians had no wish to rebel. They preferred peace and security and disapproved of the atheistic, socialist revolutionaries. A feeling of separatism and even superiority among the Armenians helped the revolutionaries, but the main weapon that turned the Armenians of the East into rebels was terrorism. The prime cause that united the Armenians against their government was fear.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Before the Armenians could be turned into rebels their traditional loyalty to their Church and their Community leaders had to be destroyed. The rebels realized that Armenians felt the most love and respect for their Church, not for the revolution. The Dashnak Party therefore resolved to take effective control of the Church. Most clergymen, however, did not support the atheistic Dashnaks. The Church could only be taken over through violence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;What happened to Armenian clergymen who opposed the Dashnaks? Priests were killed in villages and cities. Their crime? They were loyal Ottoman subjects. The Armenian bishop of Van, Boghos, was murdered by the revolutionaries in his cathedral on Christmas Eve. His crime? He was a loyal Ottoman subject. The Dashnaks attempted to kill the Armenian Patriarch in Istanbul, Malachia Ormanian. His crime? He opposed the revolutionaries. Arsen, the priest in charge of the important Akhtamar Church in Van, the religious center of the Armenians in the Ottoman East, was murdered by Ishkhan, one of the leaders of Van’s Dashnaks. His crime? He opposed the Dashnaks. But there was an additional reason to kill him: The Dashnaks wanted to take over the Armenian education system that was based in Akhtamar. After Father Arsen was killed, the Dashnak Aram Manukian, a man without known religious belief, became head of the Armenian schools. He closed down religious education and began revolutionary education. So-called “religious teachers” spread throughout Van Province, teaching revolution, not religion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The loyalty of the rebels was to the revolution. Not even their church was safe from their attacks.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The other group that most threatened the power of the rebels was the Armenian merchant class. As a group they favored the government. They wanted peace and order, so that they could do business. They were the traditional secular leaders of the Armenian Community; the rebels wanted to lead the Community themselves, so the merchants had to be silenced. Those who most publicly supported their government, such as Bedros Kapamacıyan, the Mayor of Van, and Armarak, the kaymakam of Gevaş, were assassinated, as were numerous Armenian policemen, at least one Armenian Chief of Police, and Armenian advisors to the Government. Only a very brave Armenian would take the side of the Government.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Dashnaks looked on the merchants as a source of money. The merchants would never donate to the revolution willingly. They had to be forced to do so. The first reported case of extortion from merchants came in Erzurum in 1895, soon after the Dashnak Party became active in the Ottoman domains. The campaign began in earnest in 1901. In that year the extortion of funds through threats and assassination became the official policy of the Dashnak Party. The campaign was carried out in Russia and the Balkans, as well as in the Ottoman Empire. One prominent Armenian merchant, Isahag Zhamharian, refused to pay and reported the Dashnaks to the police. He was assassinated in the courtyard of an Armenian church. Others who did not pay were also killed. The rest of the merchants then paid.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;From 1902 to 1904 the main extortion campaign brought in the equivalent, in today’s money, of more than eight million dollars. And this was only the amount collected by the central Dashnak committee in a short period, almost all from outside the Ottoman Empire. It does not include the amounts extorted from 1895 to 1914 in many areas of the Ottoman Empire. Soon the merchants were paying their taxes to the revolutionaries, not to the government. When the government in Van demanded that the merchants pay their taxes, the merchants pleaded that they had indeed paid taxes, but to the revolutionaries. They said they could only pay the government if the government protected them from the rebels. The same condition prevailed all over Eastern Anatolia, in İzmir, in Cilicia, and elsewhere.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Armenian common people did not escape the extortions of the rebels. They were forced to feed and house the revolutionaries. British Consul Elliot reported:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;They [the Dashnaks] quarter themselves on Christian villages, live on the best to be had, exact contributions to their funds, and make the younger women and girls submit to their will. Those who incur their displeasure are murdered in cold blood.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The greatest cost to villagers was the forced purchase of guns. The villagers were turned into rebel “soldiers”, whether they wished to be or not. If they were to fight the Turks, they needed weapons. The revolutionaries smuggled weapons from Russia and forced the Armenian villagers to buy. The methods used to force the villagers to buy were very effective, as British consul Seele reported:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;An agent arrived in a certain village and informed a villager that he must buy a Mauser pistol. The villager replied that he had no money, whereupon the agent retorted, “You must sell your oxen.” The wretched villager then proceeded to explain that the sowing season would soon arrive and asked how a Mauser pistol would enable him to plough his fields. For reply the agent proceeded to destroy the poor man’s oxen with his pistol and then departed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The rebels had more than military organization in mind when they forced the villagers to buy weapons. The villagers were charged double the normal cost of the weapons. A rifle worth £5 was sold for £10. Both the rebel organization and the rebels themselves did very well from the sales.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;It was the peasants who suffered most. The most basic policy of the revolutionaries was a callous exploitation of the lives of Armenians: Kurdish tribes and their villages were attacked by the rebels, knowing that the tribes would take their revenge on innocent Armenian villagers. The revolutionaries escaped and left their fellow Armenians to die.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Even Europeans, friends of the Armenians, could see that the revolutionaries were the cause of the curse that had descended on Eastern Anatolia. Consul Seele wrote in 1911:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;From what I have seen in the parts of the country I have visited, I have become more convinced than ever of the baneful influence of the Taschnak Committee on the welfare of the Armenians and generally of this part of Turkey. It is impossible to overlook the fact in that in all places where there are no Armenian political organisations or where such organisations are imperfectly developed, the Armenians live in comparative harmony with the Turks and Kurds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Englishman rightly saw that the cause of the unrest in the East was the Armenian revolutionaries. If there were no Dashnaks, the Turks and Armenians would have lived together in peace. The Ottoman Government knew this was true. Why did the Government tolerate so much from the rebels? Why did the Government not stamp them out?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Ottoman failure to effectively oppose the rebels is indeed hard to understand. Imagine a country in which a number of radical revolutionaries, most of them from a foreign country, organize a rebellion. They infiltrate fighters and guns from this foreign country to lead their attack on the government and the people. The radicals openly state they wish to create a state in which the majority of the population will be excluded from rule. They murder and terrorize their own people to force them to join their cause. They murder government officials. They deliberately murder members of the majority in the hope that reprisals will lead other nations to invade. They store thousands of weapons in preparation for revolt. They revolt, are defeated, then revolt again and again. The country that gains most from the rebels’ actions is the country they come from – the country in which they organize, the country in which they have their home base.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
What government would tolerate this? Has there ever been a country that would not jail, and probably hang such rebels? Has there ever been a country that would allow them to continue to operate openly? Yes. That country was the Ottoman Empire. In the Ottoman Empire the Armenian rebels operated openly, stored thousands of weapons, murdered Muslims and Armenians, killed governors and other officials, and rebelled again and again. The only one to truly benefit from their actions was Russia – the country in which they organized, the country their leaders came from.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;How could this happen? The Ottomans were not cowards. The Ottomans were not fools. They knew what the rebels were doing. The Ottomans tolerated the Armenian revolutionaries because the Ottomans had no choice.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;It must be remembered that the very existence of the Ottoman Empire was at stake. Serbia, Bosnia, Romania, Greece, and Bulgaria had already been lost because of European intervention. The Europeans had almost divided the Empire in 1878 and had planned to do so in the 1890s. Only fear that Russia would become too powerful had stopped them. Public opinion in Britain and France could easily change that. Indeed, that was exactly what the Armenian revolutionaries wanted. They wanted the Ottomans to jail and execute Armenian rebels. European newspapers would report that as government persecution of innocent Armenians. They wanted the government to prosecute Armenian revolutionary parties. The European newspapers would report that as denying political freedom to the Armenians. They wanted Muslims to react to Armenian provocations and attacks by killing Armenians. The European newspapers would report only the dead Armenians, not the dead Muslims. Public opinion would force the British and French to cooperate with the Russians and dismember the Empire.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Many politicians in Europe, men such as Gladstone, were as prejudiced against the Turks as were the press and the public. They were simply waiting for the right opportunity to destroy the Ottoman Empire.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The result was that it was nearly impossible for the Ottomans to properly punish the rebels. The Europeans demanded that the Ottomans accept actions from the revolutionaries that the Europeans themselves would never tolerate in their own possessions. When the Dashnaks occupied the Ottoman Bank, Europeans arranged their release. European ambassadors forced the Ottomans to grant amnesty to rebels in Zeytun. They arranged pardons for those who attempted to kill Sultan Abdülhamid II. The Russian consuls would not let Ottoman courts try Dashnak rebels, because they were Russian subjects. Many rebels who were successfully tried and convicted were released, because the Europeans demanded and received pardons for them, in essence threatening the Sultan if he did not release rebels and murderers. One Russian consul in Van even publicly trained Armenian rebels, acting personally as their weapons instructor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;All the Ottomans could do was try to keep things as quiet as possible. That meant not punishing the rebels as they should have been punished. One can only pity the Ottomans. They knew that if they governed properly the result would be the death of their state.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;World War I&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;There were two factors that caused the Ottoman loss in the East in World War I. The first was Enver Paşa’s disastrous attack at Sarıkamış. Enver’s attack on Russia in December of 1914 was in every way a disaster. Of the 95,000 Turkish troops who attacked Russia, 75,000 died. The second factor, the one that concerns us here, was Armenian Revolt.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Desertion Zone&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;As World War I threatened and the Ottoman Army mobilized, Armenians who should have served their country instead took the side of the Russians. The Ottoman Army reported: “From Armenians with conscription obligations those in towns and villages East of the Hopa-Erzurum-Hınıs-Van line did not comply with the call to enlist but have proceeded East to the border to join the organization in Russia.” The effect of this is obvious: If the young Armenian males of the “zone of desertion” had served in the Army, they would have provided more than 50,000 troops. If they had served, there might never have been a Sarıkamış defeat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Armenians from Hopa to Erzurum to Hınıs to Van were not the only Armenians who did not serve. The tens of thousands of Armenians of Sivas who formed chette bands did not serve. The rebels in Zeytun and elsewhere in Cilicia did not serve. The Armenians who fled to the Greek Islands or to Egypt or Cyprus did not serve. More precisely, many of these Armenian young men did serve, but they served in the armies of the Ottomans’ enemies. They did not protect their homeland, they attacked it.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;In Eastern Anatolia, Armenians formed bands to fight a guerilla war against their government. Others fled only to return with the Russian Army, serving as scouts and advance units for the Russian invaders. It was those who stayed behind who were the greatest danger to the Ottoman war effort and the greatest danger to the lives of the Muslims of Eastern Anatolia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It has often been alleged by Armenian nationalists that the Ottoman order to deport Armenians was not caused by Armenian rebellion. As evidence, they note the fact that the law of deportation was published in May of 1915, at approximately the same time that the Armenians seized the City of Van. According to this logic, the Ottomans must have planned the deportation some time before that date, so the rebellion could not have been the cause of the deportations. It is true that the Ottomans began to consider the possibility of deportation a few months before May, 1915. What is not true is that May, 1915 was the start of the Armenian rebellion. It had started long before.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;European observers knew long before 1914 that Armenians would join the Russian side in event of war. As early as 1908, British consul Dickson had reported:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Armenian revolutionaries in Van and Salmas [in Iran] have been informed by their Committee in Tiflis that in the event of war they will side with the Russians against Turkey. Unaided by the Russians, they could mobilize about 3,500 armed sharpshooters to harass the Turks about the frontier, and their lines of communication.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;British diplomatic sources reported that in preparation for war, in 1913, the Armenian revolutionary groups met and agreed to coordinate their efforts against the Ottomans. The British reported that this alliance was the result of meetings with “the Russian authorities.” The Dashnak leader (and member of the Ottoman Parliament) Vramian had gone to Tiflis to confer with the Russian authorities. The British also reported that: “[The Armenians] have thrown off any pretence of loyalty they may once have shown, and openly welcome the prospect of a Russian occupation of the Armenian Vilayets.”&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Even Dashnak leaders admitted the Dashnaks were Russian allies. The Dashnak Hovhannes Katchaznouni, prime minister of the Armenian Republic, stated that the party plan at the beginning of the war was to ally with the Russians. Since 1910 the revolutionaries had distributed a pamphlet throughout Eastern Anatolia. It demonstrated how Armenian villages were to be organized into regional commands, how Muslim villages were to be attacked, and specifics of guerilla warfare.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Before the war began, Ottoman Army Intelligence reported on Dashnak plans: They would declare their loyalty to the Ottoman State, but increase their arming of their supporters. If war was declared, Armenian soldiers would desert to the Russian Army with their arms. The Armenians would do nothing if the Ottomans began to defeat the Russians. If the Ottomans began to retreat, the Armenians would form armed guerilla bands and attack according to plan. The Ottoman intelligence reports were correct, for that is exactly what happened.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;War&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Russians gave 2.4 million rubles to the Dashnaks to arm the Ottoman Armenians. They began distributing weapons to Armenians in the Caucasus and Iran in September of 1914. In that month, seven months before the Deportations were ordered, Armenian attacks on Ottoman soldiers and officials began. Deserters from the Ottoman Army at first formed into what officials called “bandit gangs”. They attacked conscription officers, tax collectors, gendarmerie outposts, and Muslims on the roads. By December a general revolt had erupted in Van Province. Roads and telegraph lines were cut, gendarmerie outposts attacked, and Muslim villages burned, their inhabitants killed. The revolt soon grew: in December, near the Kotur Pass, which the Ottomans had to hold to defend against Russian invasion from Iran, a large Armenian battle group defeated units of the Ottoman army, killing 400 Ottoman soldiers and forcing the army to retreat to Saray. The attacks were not only in Van: The governor of Erzurum, Tahsin, cabled that he could not hold off the Armenian attacks that were breaking out through the province; soldiers would have to be sent from the front.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;By February, reports of attacks began to come in from all over the East – a two-hour battle near Muş, an eight-hour battle in Abaak, 1,000 Armenians attacking near Timar, Armenian chettes raiding in Sivas, Erzurum, Adana, Diyarbakır, Bitlis, and Van provinces. Telegraph lines to the front and from Ottoman cities to the West were cut, repaired, and cut again many times. Supply caravans to the army were attacked, as were columns of wounded soldiers. Units of gendarmerie and soldiers sent to reconnect telegraph lines or protect supply columns themselves came under attack. As an example of the enormity of the problem, in the middle of April an entire division of gendarmerie troops was ordered from Hakkâri to Çatak to battle a major uprising there, but the division could not fight through the Armenian defenses. That’s why Ottomans had to send a group of soldiers to Çatak from the front.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Once careful preparations had been made, Armenians revolted in the City of Van. On April 20, well-armed Armenian units, many wearing military uniforms, took the city and drove Ottoman forces into the citadel. The rebels burned down most of the city, some buildings also being destroyed by the two canons the Ottomans had in the citadel. Troops were sent from the Erzurum and Iranian Fronts, but they were unable to relieve the city. The Russians and Armenians were advancing from the north and the southwest. On May 17 the Ottomans evacuated the citadel. Soldiers and civilians fought their way southwest around Lake Van. Some took to boats on the Lake, but nearly half of these were killed by rebels firing from the shore or when their boats ran aground. Some of the Muslims of Van survived at least for a while, put in the care of American missionaries. Most who did not escape were killed. Villagers were either killed in their homes or collected from surrounding areas and sent into the great massacre at Zeve.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The ensuing suffering of the Muslims and Armenians is well known. It was a history of bloody warfare between peoples in which all died in great numbers. When the Ottomans retook much of the East, the Armenian population fled to Russia. There they starved and died of disease. When the Russians retook Van and Bitlis Provinces, they did not allow the Armenians to return, leaving them to starve in the North. The Russians wanted the land for themselves. It is also well known that Armenians who remained, those in Erzurum Province, massacred Muslims in great numbers at the end of the war.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;My purpose here is not to retell that history. I wish to demonstrate that the Ottomans were right in considering the Armenians to be their enemies, if further proof is needed. The map shows proof that the Armenian rebels in fact were agents of Russia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The Armenians of the Ottoman East rebelled in exactly those areas that were most important to the Russians. The benefit of the rebellion in Van City, the center of Ottoman Administration in the Southeast is obvious. The other sites of rebellion were in reality more important: Rebellion in Erzurum Province cut the Ottoman Army off from supplies and communications. The rebellion was directly in the path of the Russian advance from the North. The Armenians rebelled in the Saray and Başkale regions, at the two major passes that the Russians were to use in their invasion from Iran. The Armenians rebelled in the region near Çatak, at the mountain passes needed for the Ottomans to bring up troops to the Iran frontier, the passes needed for the Ottoman retreat. The Armenians rebelled in great numbers in Sivas Province and in Şebinkarahisar. This would seem to be an odd place for a revolt, a region where the Armenians were outnumbered by the Muslims ten to one, but Sivas was tactically important. It was the railhead from which all supplies and men passed to the Front, basically along one road. It was the prefect site for guerilla action to harass Ottoman supply lines. The Armenians also rebelled in Cilicia, the intended site for a British invasion that would have cut the rail links to the South. It was not the fault of the rebels that the British preferred to attempt the madness at Gallipoli instead of an attack in Cilicia that would surely have been more successful.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;All these regions were the very spots a military planner would choose to most damage the Ottoman war effort. It cannot be an accident that they were also the spots chosen by the rebels for their revolt. Anyone can see that the revolts were a disaster for the Army. The disaster was compounded by the fact that the Ottomans were forced to withdraw whole divisions from the Front to battle the Armenian rebels. The war might have been much different if these divisions had been able to fight the Russians, not the rebels. I agree with Field-Marshall Pomiankowski, who was the only real European historian of World War I in the Ottoman Empire, that the Armenian rebellion was the key to the Ottoman defeat in the East.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Only after seven months of Armenian rebellion did the Ottomans order the deportation of Armenians (May 26-30, 1915).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Ottoman Record&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;How do we know that this analysis is true? It is, after all, very different than what is usually called the history of the Armenians. We know it is true because it is the product of reasoned historical analysis, not ideology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;To understand this, we must consider the difference between history and ideology, the difference between scientific analysis and nationalist belief, the difference between the proper historian and the ideologue. To the historian what matters is the attempt to find the objective truth. To the nationalist ideologue what matters is the triumph of his cause. A proper historian first searches for evidence, then makes up his mind. An ideologue first makes up his mind, then looks for evidence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;A historian looks for historical context. In particular, he judges the reliability of witnesses. He judges if those who gave reports had reason to lie. An ideologue takes evidence wherever he can find it, and may invent the evidence he cannot find. He does not look too closely at the evidence, perhaps because he is afraid of what he will find. As an example, the ideologues contend that the trials of Ottoman leaders after World War I prove that the Turks were guilty of genocide. They do not mention that the so-called trials reached their verdicts when the British controlled Istanbul. They do not mention that the courts were in the hands of the Quisling Damad Ferid Paşa government, which had a long record of lying about its enemies, the Committee of Union and Progress. They do not mention that Damad Ferid would do anything to please the British and keep his job. They do not mention that the British, more honest than their lackeys, admitted that they could not find evidence of any “genocide.” They do not mention that the defendants were not represented by their own lawyers. They do not mention that crimes against Armenians were only a small part of a long list of so-called crimes, everything the judges could invent. The ideologues do not mention that the courts should best be compared to those convened by Josef Stalin. The ideologues do not mention this evidence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;A historian first discovers what actually happened, then tries to explain the reasons. An ideologue forgets the process of discovery. He assumes that what he believes is correct, then constructs a theory to explain it. The work of Dr. Taner Akçam is an example of this. He first accepts completely the beliefs of the Armenian nationalists. He then constructs an elaborate sociological theory, claiming that genocide was the result of Turkish history and the Turkish character. This sort of analysis is like a house built on a foundation of sand. The house looks good, but the first strong wind knocks it down. In this case, the strong wind that destroys the theory is the force of the truth.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;A historian knows that one has to look back in history, sometimes far back in history, to find the causes of events. An ideologue does not bother. Again, he may be afraid of what he will find. Reading the Armenian Nationalists one would assume that the Armenian Question began in 1894. Very seldom does one find in their work mention of Armenian alliances with the Russians against the Turks stretching back to the eighteenth century. One never finds recognition that it was the Russians and the Armenians themselves who began to dissolve 700 years of peace between Turks and Armenians. These are important matters for the historian, but they hurt the cause of the ideologue.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The historian studies. The ideologue wages a political war. From the start the Armenian Question has been a political campaign. Materials that have been used to write the long-accepted and false history of the Armenian Question were written as political documents. They were written for political effect. Whether they were articles in the Dashnak newspaper or false documents produced by the British Propaganda Office, they were propaganda, not sources of accurate history. Historians have examined and rejected all these so-called “historical sources.” Yet the same falsehoods continually appear as “proof” that there was an Armenian Genocide. The lies have existed for so long, the lies have been repeated so many times, that those who do not know the real history assume that the lies are true.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;It is not only Americans and Europeans who have been fooled. Recently I read a two-volume work written by a Turkish scholar. Much of what appears on the Armenians is absolute nonsense. For example, in 1908 in the City of Van, Ottoman officials discovered an arsenal of Dashnak weapons – 2,000 guns, hundreds of thousands of cartridges, 5,000 bombs – all in preparation for an Armenian revolt. Armenians rebels fought Ottoman troops briefly, then fled. This event is described in all the diplomatic literature and books on Van. The author, however, says what occurred was a revolt of 1,000 Turks(!) against the government, and mentions no rebel weapons. How could such a mistake be made? It was because of the source. The author took all information from the Dashnak Party newspaper!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;We must affirm a basic principle: Those who take propaganda as their source themselves write propaganda, not history.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Too many scholars, Turks and non-Turks alike, have accepted the lies of groups like the Dashnak Party and not even looked at the internal reports of the Ottomans. Scholars have the right to make mistakes, but scholars also have a duty to look at all sources of information before they write. It is wrong to base writings on political propaganda and to ignore the honest reports of the Ottomans. The first place to look for Ottoman history should be the records of the Ottomans.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Why rely on Ottoman archival accounts to write history? Because they are the sort of solid data that is the basis of all good history. The Ottomans did not write propaganda for today’s media. The reports of Ottoman soldiers and officials were not political documents or public relations exercises. They were secret internal reports in which responsible men relayed what they believed to be true to their government. They might sometimes have been mistaken, but they were never liars. There is no record of deliberate deception in Ottoman documents. Compare this to the dismal history of Armenian Nationalist deceptions: fake statistics on population, fake statements attributed to Mustafa Kemal, fake telegrams of Talat Pasha, fake reports in a Blue Book, misuse of court records and, worst of all, no mention of Turks who were killed by Armenians.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;I have been asked to make suggestions as to what Turks can do to correct false history. I hesitate to do so, because Turks already know what has to be done –opposing the lies that are told about their ancestors. You are already doing it. It is a hard fight: The prejudices about Turks stand in your way, and those who oppose you are politically strong, but the truth is on your side. I am very pleased that the Turks, and the Turkish Parliament, are uniting to oppose the lies told about the Turks. The recent agreement between Prime Minister Erdoğan, and Minority Leader Baykal, prove that the Turks are taking action. The attempt by the Tarih Kurumu to debate and discuss with Armenian scholars proves that the Turks are taking action. The many books on this issue now being printed by Turkish scholars prove that the Turks are taking action. Men like Şükrü Elekdağ are fighting for the truth. I and others who have long opposed the lies are glad we are not alone.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;In the past, scholars, including myself, have proposed that Turkish and Armenian historians, along with others who study this history, should meet to research and debate the history of the Turks and Armenians. Prime Minister Erdoğan and Dr. Baykal have proposed that all archives be opened to a joint commission on the Armenian Question. This is exactly what should be done. Most important, they have declared that historians should settle this question. They have also shown that Turks have nothing to fear from the truth.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;We can only hope that scholarly integrity will triumph over politics and the Armenian Nationalists will join in debate. I am not hopeful they will do so. I recently gave two talks at the University of Minnesota, a center of so-called “Armenian Genocide Studies”. Dr. Taner Akçam teaches there. Dr. Akçam was invited to my lectures, but did not come. In fact, no Armenian came. Instead all notices of the lecture were torn down, so that others would not know I was speaking.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;This is not a scholarly approach. It is political. The Armenian Nationalists have decided that they will win their political fight if no one knows there is a scholarly opposition to their ideology. Therefore, Armenian Nationalists will only meet with Turks who first state that Turks committed genocide. These are described in the American and European press as “Turkish scholars”. Readers are left with the impression, a carefully-cultivated impression, that Turkish scholars believe there was a genocide. Readers are left with the impression that it is only the Turkish Government that denies there was a genocide.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;We know this is not true. Every year many books and articles are published in Turkey that not only deny the “Armenian Genocide” but document Armenian persecution of Turks. Conferences are held. Mass graves of innocent Turks killed by Armenian Nationalists are found. Museums and monuments are opened to commemorate the Turkish dead. Historians who have seen the Ottoman archival records or read the Turkish books on the Armenian Question do not accept the idea of a genocide. They know that in wartime many Armenians were killed by Turks, and that many Turks were killed by Armenians. They know that this was war, not genocide.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Why do so many in my country and Europe believe that the small group of Turks who accept the Armenian Nationalists beliefs represent Turkish scholarship? Why is it believed that these Turks speak for the real beliefs of Turkish professors? Part of the reason is prejudice. Prejudice against Turks has existed for so long that it easy for people to believe that Turks must have been guilty. Another reason, however, is that few in Europe and America know that real Turkish scholarship on this issue exists.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Excellent work on the Armenian Question is now being written in Turkey. As you know, for too long Turks did not study the history of the Turks and Armenians. This has now changed. Anyone who has seen modern Turkish work on the Armenian Question must be impressed. The Tarih Kurumu has taken the lead in this, as it should. I obviously do not believe that Turks should be the only ones who write Turkish history, but Turks should be the main historians of Turkey. It is your country and your history. The problem lies in bringing the excellent history now being written in Turkey and the documents of Turkish history to scholars, politicians, and the public in other countries. The problem is that Turkish historians naturally write in Turkish, and Europeans and Americans do not read Turkish.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Should those who write the history of Turkey read Turkish? Yes, of course they should read Turkish. Should they use the many books on Turkish history written in Turkish? Yes, of course they should do so. Should they understand all sides of an issue, including the Turkish side, before they write? Yes, because that is a scholar’s duty. Do they always do so? No. In particular, most books on the so-called “Armenian Genocide” do not refer to modern Turkish studies. It is no use saying this is wrong. It is no use telling scholars to learn Turkish. They will not or cannot do so. To be fair, there are few places in my own country where Turkish is taught. The only answer is that the Turkish books must be translated into other languages, especially English, which is understood all over the world. A start has been made. Today there are valuable books, originally in Turkish, that have been translated. These include Esat Uras’ excellent, if now outdated, history, the recent publication on the Armenian Question by the Turkish Parliament, the history written by the Turkish Foreign Office, the late Kâmuran Gürün’s Armenian File, Orel and Yuca’s Talat Pasha Telegrams, and others. The series of Ottoman documents on the Armenian Question, translated and published by the General Staff, the Ottoman Archives, the Tarih Kurumu, and the Foreign Ministry, are perhaps the most valuable of all. But there are so many others that are needed. There are too many to list here, but I note that even the memoirs of Kâzim Karabekir and Ahmet Refik have not been translated. All these books should be read by the widest possible audience. They should be translated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;And the translations must include books that seem to be on topics other than the Armenian Question. There are no accurate and detailed military histories of World War I in the Ottoman Empire in any European language. What exists is often wrong, and not only wrong on the Armenians. General histories of World War I, for example, name the wrong generals, move troops to the wrong places, and never seem to understand Ottoman strategy. They seldom mention the one most significant factor in the war – the incredible strength and endurance of Turkish soldiers. Why is this important to the Armenian Question? It is important because the danger from the Armenian rebellion and the reason for the Armenian deportations cannot be understood unless the military situation is understood. The Ottoman sources prove that the Armenian rebellion was an essential part of the Russian military plan. The Ottoman sources prove that the Armenian rebellion was an important part of the Russian victory. The Ottoman sources prove that the Armenian rebels were, in effect, soldiers in the Russian Army. There is a series of military histories that accurately portray the events of the Ottoman wars and the Turkish War of Independence – the histories published by the Turkish General Staff – many volumes, filled with great detail, many maps, and descriptions of Ottoman plans and actions. These books are based on the reports of the Ottoman soldiers themselves, not only on the reports of the Ottoman enemies. They should be read by every historian of World War I. Yet these books are in Turkish. If they are ever to be used in America and Europe, they must be in English.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;And there must be many more accurate and honest books on Turkey for teachers and students in Europe and America. Only by telling the truth to youth can the prejudices against Turks be finally ended. We have made a start. The Istanbul Chambers of Commerce have financed the first detailed book on Turkey for American teachers. Many more books are needed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Finally, I wish to comment on current politics. Some may feel that I should not do so. I am not a Turk, and this is surely a Turkish problem. Nor am I a political scientist or a politician. I am a historian. I am speaking on this problem because it is basically a historical question. As a historian, I am infuriated when any group, or any country, is ordered to lie about its history. The political problem I am speaking of is the growing cry from Europe that Turkey must admit the “Armenian Genocide” before it can enter the European Union. I am angry that anyone can believe that accepting a lie about Turkish history will somehow be a benefit to Europe or to Turkey. I know, and I believe you know, that it will make matters much worse.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Today the Armenian Nationalists are proclaiming in the parliaments of Europe and the Congress of the United States that they only want Turkey to admit that genocide occurred, then all will be well. I once spoke to an American official who told me that the Turks should say, “Yes, we did it, sorry,” and then forget it. I asked him if he thought the Turks had committed genocide. He replied that he did not know and did not care. I told him the Turks would never lie like that about their fathers and grandfathers. He told me I was naïve. But he was the one who was naive, because he believed that the Armenian Nationalists would be satisfied with an apology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Armenian Claims&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;The plan of the Armenian Nationalists has not changed in more than 100 years. It is to create an Armenia in Eastern Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus, regardless of the wishes of the people who live there. The Armenian Nationalists have made their plan quite clear. First, the Turkish Republic is to state that there was an “Armenian Genocide” and to apologize for it. Second, the Turks are to pay reparations. Third, an Armenian state is to be created. The Nationalists are very specific on the borders of this state. The map you see is based on the program of the Dashnak Party and the Armenian Republic. It shows what the Armenian Nationalists claim. The map also shows the population of the areas claimed in Turkey and the number of Armenians in the world. If the Armenians were to be given what they claim, and if every Armenian in the world were to come to Eastern Anatolia, their numbers would still be only half of the number of those Turkish citizens who live there now. Of course, the Armenians of California, Massachusetts, and France would never come in great numbers to Eastern Anatolia. The population of the new “Armenia” would be less than one-fourth Armenian at best. Could such a state long exist? Yes, it could exist, but only if the Turks were expelled. That was the policy of the Armenian Nationalists in 1915. It would be their policy tomorrow.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;We should be very clear on Armenian claims. Their claims are not based on history, because Armenians have not ruled in Eastern Anatolia for more than 900 years. Their claims are not based on culture: Before the revolutionaries and the Russians destroyed all peace, the Armenians and Turks shared the same culture. Armenians were integrated into the Ottoman system, and most of the Armenians spoke Turkish. They ate the same food as the Turks, shared the same music, and lived in the same sorts of houses. The Armenian claims are surely not based on a belief in democracy: Armenians have not been a majority in Eastern Anatolia for centuries, and they would be a small minority there now. Their claims are based on their nationalist ideology. That ideology is unchanging. It was the same in 1895 and 1915 as it is in 2005. They believe there should be an “Armenia” in Eastern Turkey – no matter the history, no matter the rights of the people who live there.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:justify;"&gt;History teaches that the Armenian Nationalists will not stop their claims if the Turks forget the truth and say there was an Armenian Genocide. They will not cease to claim Erzurum and Van because the Turks have apologized for a crime they did not commit. No. They will increase their efforts.&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:;"&gt;They will say, “The Turks have admitted they did it. Now they must pay for their crimes.” The same critics who now say the Turks should admit genocide will say the Turks should pay reparations. Then they will demand the Turks give &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Erzurum&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; and Van and Elazığ and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Sivas&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; and Bitlis and &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Trabzon&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; to &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Armenia&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:;"&gt;I know the Turks will not give in to this pressure. The Turks will not submit, because they know that to do so would simply be wrong. How can it be right to become a member of an organization that demands you lie as the price of admission? Would any honest man join an organization that said, “You can only join us if you first falsely say that your father was a murderer?”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;   &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:;"&gt;I hope and trust that the European Union will reject the demands of the Armenian Nationalists. I hope they will realize that the Armenian Nationalists are not concerned with what is best for &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:;"&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Europe&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;. But whatever the European Union demands, I have faith in the honor of the Turks. What I know of the Turks tells me that they will never falsely say there was an Armenian Genocide. I have faith in the honesty of the Turks. I know that the Turks will resist demands to confess to a crime they did not commit, no matter the price of honesty. I have faith in the integrity of the Turks. I know that the Turks will not lie about this history. I know that the Turks will never say their fathers were murderers. I have that faith in the Turks. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.avim.org.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;www.avim.org.tr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>‘We are all tied together in an intricate web’</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/368442</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2012-01-01,post-368442</guid>
    <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2012 11:58:19 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf_07.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="200" height="160" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf_07.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf_09.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="200" height="160" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf_09.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="width:581px;height:640px;" align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;1 January 2012 / YONCA POYRAZ DOĞAN, İSTANBUL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;This was the first chance I had to visit a part of Anatolia, and I was thrilled for the opportunity to learn about another piece of this magnificent country.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Though I have had the opportunity to travel to many places as a photographer, Turkey holds a special place in my heart. It’s like a relationship, and every time I visit, I fall more in love. It’s not because of the breathtaking beauty or the diversity in landscape and culture; it’s about the people, what they teach me and their generosity of spirit. I always leave feeling humbled and deeply impressed by those I’ve met.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In my photographs, I try to focus on things that unify us. We are all tied together in an intricate web, whether we believe it or not, and the magic of this world is that we have more in common than we often realize. As a storyteller I believe the art of photography is not just about making beautiful images, but rather it is about telling stories. In Cappadocia I found a continuum that bridged past and present.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I think many people mistake taking pictures of exotic and beautiful places as being a committed photographer, but it’s not enough just to travel and take a few beautiful images. You have to go deeper and show something original and unexpected, something that teaches and surprises. I believe this takes patience, time and understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cappadocia is a place that has long held my fascination. Though it’s known as a touristic place, the challenge was to go for a very short time and to attempt to reveal something unique. I looked for things that represent the traditional culture and tried to illuminate the things that unite us as human beings. In the end I could only scratch the surface, but I hope I have the opportunity to return and reveal something more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;AMI VITALE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ami Vitale’s journey as a photojournalist and now a filmmaker has taken her to more than 75 countries. She has witnessed civil unrest, poverty, destruction of life and unspeakable violence. But she has also experienced surreal beauty and the enduring power of the human spirit, and she is committed to highlighting the surprising and subtle similarities between cultures. Her award winning photographs have been exhibited around the world in museums and galleries and published in numerous international magazines including National Geographic, Geo, Newsweek, Time and Smithsonian. Now based in Montana, she is a contract photographer with National Geographic magazine and frequently gives workshops throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia. She is currently continuing her film work and writing a book about the stories behind the images. &lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="width:600px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>‘We are all tied together in an intricate web’</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf_07.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="200" height="160" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf_07.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf_09.jpg" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="200" height="160" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2012/01/01/fotograf_09.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="width:581px;height:640px;" align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;1 January 2012 / YONCA POYRAZ DOĞAN, İSTANBUL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;This was the first chance I had to visit a part of Anatolia, and I was thrilled for the opportunity to learn about another piece of this magnificent country.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Though I have had the opportunity to travel to many places as a photographer, Turkey holds a special place in my heart. It’s like a relationship, and every time I visit, I fall more in love. It’s not because of the breathtaking beauty or the diversity in landscape and culture; it’s about the people, what they teach me and their generosity of spirit. I always leave feeling humbled and deeply impressed by those I’ve met.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In my photographs, I try to focus on things that unify us. We are all tied together in an intricate web, whether we believe it or not, and the magic of this world is that we have more in common than we often realize. As a storyteller I believe the art of photography is not just about making beautiful images, but rather it is about telling stories. In Cappadocia I found a continuum that bridged past and present.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I think many people mistake taking pictures of exotic and beautiful places as being a committed photographer, but it’s not enough just to travel and take a few beautiful images. You have to go deeper and show something original and unexpected, something that teaches and surprises. I believe this takes patience, time and understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cappadocia is a place that has long held my fascination. Though it’s known as a touristic place, the challenge was to go for a very short time and to attempt to reveal something unique. I looked for things that represent the traditional culture and tried to illuminate the things that unite us as human beings. In the end I could only scratch the surface, but I hope I have the opportunity to return and reveal something more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;AMI VITALE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ami Vitale’s journey as a photojournalist and now a filmmaker has taken her to more than 75 countries. She has witnessed civil unrest, poverty, destruction of life and unspeakable violence. But she has also experienced surreal beauty and the enduring power of the human spirit, and she is committed to highlighting the surprising and subtle similarities between cultures. Her award winning photographs have been exhibited around the world in museums and galleries and published in numerous international magazines including National Geographic, Geo, Newsweek, Time and Smithsonian. Now based in Montana, she is a contract photographer with National Geographic magazine and frequently gives workshops throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia. She is currently continuing her film work and writing a book about the stories behind the images. &lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style="width:600px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>&amp;#039;Anti-Islamists small in number, but influential beyond US&amp;#039;</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/363918</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2011-12-07,post-363918</guid>
    <pubDate>Wed, 07 Dec 2011 18:13:30 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;A report on the Islamophobia network in the United States released by the Washington-based Center for American Progress (CAP) has highlighted that although the sources that spread anti-Islam sentiments based on false information in the country are but a handful of people, their influence on American politics and public opinion reach beyond the US borders and reach distant corners of the world as well as extremists, including the Norwegian assailant who murdered 76 people in a matter of hours to underscore his claim that Islam is a threat to the world. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The extensive research, titled “Fear, Inc.: The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America,” was published in August with collaborative efforts by prominent experts of the center on the eve of the 10th anniversary of the tragic events of Sept. 11, 2001, which traumatized not only the US but the whole world when planes hijacked by the al-Qaeda terrorist organization brought down the World Trade Center towers, a scene that still haunts the American psyche to this day.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The center noted in the study that the anniversary of the tragic events might be an opportunity for right-wing extremists in the US to manipulate and “to ratchet up the nonexistent threat of Shariah and warn of apocalyptic dangers stemming from Muslims living in America,” while it claimed that the groups espousing anti-Islamic rhetoric were “small but effective,” with a reaching and extending influence over right-wing extremists across the world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Commenting on the ability of right-wing media outlets on cable TV and more abundantly on the Internet to disseminate ideas of hate and intolerance against Muslim with belief that the followers of the faith have been conspiring to control the US, the study drew attention to the rhetoric of right-wing officials elected at a state and national level, who “put these myths as facts and then craft political fundraising campaigns and get-out-the-vote strategies based on debunked information about Muslims and Islam.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The study also cited the politicians, think tanks, organizations and blogs that they believe have been influential in the spread of unfounded fears of Shariah taking over legal institutions in the US in depth, citing examples from speeches where famous US politicians render the Islamic faith a threat, and pointing to Islamic terrorism as the source of all evil in the country while turning a blind eye to the violence caused by non-Muslim assailants. In fact, according to the study, the “majority of terrorist plots in America since Sept. 11 have been committed by non-Muslims, particularly right-wing extremists and white supremacists.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Politicians who promote fear-mongering in the country against Islam base their ideas on and mimic the language of so-called experts, who manufacture facts as they have been funded by particular organizations with “more than $42 million over ten years,” according to the report.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;One of the ways politicians integrate the “manufactured facts” into the mainstream was believed to be through legislative actions and electoral debates, many of which make the news in the US and reach millions of viewers all over the world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Acknowledging that the promoters of anti-Shariah legislations to be passed all over the country to defy the risks of Islam taking over US legal institutions “have failed to demonstrate a single case of Shariah infiltrating a US court,” the study claimed that the motive of the anti-Islamic crusade was to “create a distracting, fear-based political atmosphere in which conservatives are brave patriots and strong on defense, while liberals are weak and politically correct.” Furthermore, the findings of the study also revealed that the discourse stemming from the anti-Islam experts, campaigners and politicians in the US spread throughout the world, as clearly indicated by the references in the manifesto of the Norwegian anti-Islamic terrorist, who cited the US sources mentioned by the study over 100 times in his 1,500-page work of anti-Islamic propaganda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;h2 style="font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Gülen schools subject to Islamophobic campaign&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The study said the Eagle Forum, a movement that is entwining itself with the Islamophobia network, has labeled schools inspired by Turkish scholar Fethullah Gülen as a threat of radical Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Noting that the Eagle Forum partners with Brigitte Gabriel's ACT! for America and Frank Gaffney's Center for Security Policy to push anti-Muslim issues, particularly anti-Shariah hysteria, the study explained: “At its 2011 Eagle Forum conference in St. Louis, Missouri, for example, Gabriel, Gaffney, and others in the network revealed a new supposed threat: Muslim Gülen schools, which they claim would educate children through the lens of Islam and teach them to ‘hate Americans'.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;“Worse, the speakers alleged that President [Barack] Obama's support for charter school reforms was a back-door strategy for using taxpayer money to fund the schools,” it added. “Of course, Gülen schools are nothing of the sort. They are the product of moderate Turkish Muslim educators who want ‘a blend of religious faith and largely Western curriculum',” the study, nevertheless, maintained. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;www.todayszaman.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; 07.12.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>&amp;#039;Anti-Islamists small in number, but influential beyond US&amp;#039;</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;A report on the Islamophobia network in the United States released by the Washington-based Center for American Progress (CAP) has highlighted that although the sources that spread anti-Islam sentiments based on false information in the country are but a handful of people, their influence on American politics and public opinion reach beyond the US borders and reach distant corners of the world as well as extremists, including the Norwegian assailant who murdered 76 people in a matter of hours to underscore his claim that Islam is a threat to the world. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The extensive research, titled “Fear, Inc.: The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America,” was published in August with collaborative efforts by prominent experts of the center on the eve of the 10th anniversary of the tragic events of Sept. 11, 2001, which traumatized not only the US but the whole world when planes hijacked by the al-Qaeda terrorist organization brought down the World Trade Center towers, a scene that still haunts the American psyche to this day.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The center noted in the study that the anniversary of the tragic events might be an opportunity for right-wing extremists in the US to manipulate and “to ratchet up the nonexistent threat of Shariah and warn of apocalyptic dangers stemming from Muslims living in America,” while it claimed that the groups espousing anti-Islamic rhetoric were “small but effective,” with a reaching and extending influence over right-wing extremists across the world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Commenting on the ability of right-wing media outlets on cable TV and more abundantly on the Internet to disseminate ideas of hate and intolerance against Muslim with belief that the followers of the faith have been conspiring to control the US, the study drew attention to the rhetoric of right-wing officials elected at a state and national level, who “put these myths as facts and then craft political fundraising campaigns and get-out-the-vote strategies based on debunked information about Muslims and Islam.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The study also cited the politicians, think tanks, organizations and blogs that they believe have been influential in the spread of unfounded fears of Shariah taking over legal institutions in the US in depth, citing examples from speeches where famous US politicians render the Islamic faith a threat, and pointing to Islamic terrorism as the source of all evil in the country while turning a blind eye to the violence caused by non-Muslim assailants. In fact, according to the study, the “majority of terrorist plots in America since Sept. 11 have been committed by non-Muslims, particularly right-wing extremists and white supremacists.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Politicians who promote fear-mongering in the country against Islam base their ideas on and mimic the language of so-called experts, who manufacture facts as they have been funded by particular organizations with “more than $42 million over ten years,” according to the report.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;One of the ways politicians integrate the “manufactured facts” into the mainstream was believed to be through legislative actions and electoral debates, many of which make the news in the US and reach millions of viewers all over the world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Acknowledging that the promoters of anti-Shariah legislations to be passed all over the country to defy the risks of Islam taking over US legal institutions “have failed to demonstrate a single case of Shariah infiltrating a US court,” the study claimed that the motive of the anti-Islamic crusade was to “create a distracting, fear-based political atmosphere in which conservatives are brave patriots and strong on defense, while liberals are weak and politically correct.” Furthermore, the findings of the study also revealed that the discourse stemming from the anti-Islam experts, campaigners and politicians in the US spread throughout the world, as clearly indicated by the references in the manifesto of the Norwegian anti-Islamic terrorist, who cited the US sources mentioned by the study over 100 times in his 1,500-page work of anti-Islamic propaganda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;h2 style="font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Gülen schools subject to Islamophobic campaign&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The study said the Eagle Forum, a movement that is entwining itself with the Islamophobia network, has labeled schools inspired by Turkish scholar Fethullah Gülen as a threat of radical Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Noting that the Eagle Forum partners with Brigitte Gabriel's ACT! for America and Frank Gaffney's Center for Security Policy to push anti-Muslim issues, particularly anti-Shariah hysteria, the study explained: “At its 2011 Eagle Forum conference in St. Louis, Missouri, for example, Gabriel, Gaffney, and others in the network revealed a new supposed threat: Muslim Gülen schools, which they claim would educate children through the lens of Islam and teach them to ‘hate Americans'.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;“Worse, the speakers alleged that President [Barack] Obama's support for charter school reforms was a back-door strategy for using taxpayer money to fund the schools,” it added. “Of course, Gülen schools are nothing of the sort. They are the product of moderate Turkish Muslim educators who want ‘a blend of religious faith and largely Western curriculum',” the study, nevertheless, maintained. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;www.todayszaman.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Tahoma;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; 07.12.2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Eid al-Adha brings people and communities together</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/355590</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2011-11-06,post-355590</guid>
    <pubDate>Sun, 06 Nov 2011 08:26:40 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;06 November 2011, Sunday / MEHMET SOLMAZ, İSTANBUL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-262018-eid-al-adha-brings-people-and-communities--together.html#writecomment" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="17" height="15" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/template/jazz/agenda/i1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=262018" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;face&lt;/a&gt;--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://fusion.google.com/add?source=atgs&amp;feedurl=http%3A//http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=262018" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://gmodules.com/ig/images/plus_google.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-262018-eid-al-adha-brings-people-and-communities--together.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="18" style="cursor:pointer;" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/icon_print.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2011/11/06/adha.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;Kimse Yok Mu distributes clothing, money and other forms of assistance to the poor in most of the country's 81 provinces and in tens of nations around the world during this year's Eid al-Adha.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;Today, Nov. 6, marks the beginning of the four-day Eid al-Adha for Muslims in Turkey and around the world, with millions across the nation traveling to visit family members and loved ones this holiday weekend.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Turkish charity groups collected aid and donations to help the less fortunate both in Turkey and across the globe during the Islamic holiday of Eid al-Adha (the Feast of the Sacrifice), a time which millions observe as a time of year for promoting love and peace. It is that time of year again in Turkey, and aid organizations such as the Turkish Religious Foundation, Kimse Yok Mu (Is Anybody There?), the Humanitarian Aid Foundation (İHH) and the Turkish Red Crescent (Kızılay) are preparing to distribute food, clothing, money and other forms of assistance to the poor in most of the country’s 81 provinces and in more than 120 nations around the world during this year’s Eid al-Adha. In an interview with Sunday’s Zaman, Dr. Reşit Haylamaz, editor-in-chief of the Kaynak Publishing Group, stated that Eid festivals intend to warm hearts and bring people together.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;“Helping a family in the southeastern region of Turkey or a family in Africa, with a donation of 3 to 5 kilograms of meat, would not mean much from a material point of view. The recipients will be so happy, though, when they see that there are some people out there who care about the difficult conditions they are in and sharing their sorrow,” said Haylamaz.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;A 7.2-magnitude earthquake that hit the predominantly Kurdish province of Van, an area usually in the news for terrorist attacks, on Oct. 23, has killed more than 450, ruined lives and destroyed buildings, but there is one thing it has strengthened: the solidarity between Turkey's eastern and western provinces, as manifested by the myriad aid packages sent to Van from other parts of the country. The earthquake shook the city just two weeks before the Eid al-Adha and left many people homeless days before the festival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Busloads of blankets, new winter clothes and boots for children, heaters, diapers for toddlers and many other supplies were dispatched to Van from all across the country to help the earthquake victims in their hour of need, most of whom have to live in tents in freezing temperatures. Roughly 150 trucks loaded with aid have been sent from all parts of Turkey to the eastern province every day since the quake. People donating to the cause said that they wanted to share the sorrow of the earthquake-stricken people of Van and to send them gifts for the Eid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;As part of a campaign organized by the Turkish Toy Sellers Association (OYDER) last week, member toy companies collected a total of 15,000 toys to send to children who were victims of the quake in Van. OYDER members intend to help children forget about the earthquake for a bit by giving them new toys.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Eid al-Adha is Arabic for “Feast of the Sacrifice” (in Turkish, “Kurban Bayramı”) and is one of two holidays in the Islamic calendar, starting on the 10th day of Dhul Hijjah each year. For many the feast's first day will begin at a mosque for the special Eid prayer that takes place after sunrise. The prayer is said together as a congregation, and the imam delivers a special sermon on the occasion of the holiday, usually emphasizing the values of thankfulness, togetherness and charity that Eid represents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;During Eid al-Adha animals are slaughtered as a reminder of the Prophet Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son Ishmael to God as an act of obedience and submission. A portion of the meat is then distributed to the poor along with other charitable donations, as per Islamic tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;During the four days of the Eid al-Adha holiday people visit family and friends as well as receive their own guests, resulting in a flurry of people in and out of homes throughout the country. Beginning with the greeting “Bayramın mübarek olsun” (May your Eid be blessed), a positive atmosphere is created across the country with solidarity between families, friends, neighbors and society at large, and needs of the poor and less fortunate being remembered at this joyful time of giving and sharing. It is traditional for the young, especially children, to kiss the right hand of the elderly and press it to their forehead in a sign of respect. When children kiss the hand of an elder, their elder will generally give them a small amount of money. People also traditionally wear their best outfits on Eid. Called “bayramlık” in Turkey, these are often purchased especially for the occasion. Those receiving guests usually offer them cologne and traditional desserts like baklava and Turkish delight as well as other foods. Usually a dish will include meat from the animal the family has sacrificed if they were able to afford it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Eid is also an occasion of remembrance for loved ones who are no longer with us. In addition to visiting family and friends Turks also set aside time to visit cemeteries to pay their respects and pray at the graves of loved ones. Relatives of many fallen Turkish soldiers prefer to visit cemeteries on the eve of Eid al-Adha to tend to the graves of their loved ones and pray for their souls. The doors of many orphanages and shelters are alsoopened to welcome visits from the public.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Eid al-Adha also marks the end of the pilgrimage to Mecca, a requirement for all adult Muslims who have the means at least once in their lifetime. It is after Eid that Turkish pilgrims begin to trickle back into Turkey from Saudi Arabia, bringing extra joy to their families at the reunion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;During the Eid holiday television and radio stations broadcast a variety of special programs including movie specials, musical shows and celebratory addresses from stars and politicians.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;However, the increased holiday traffic during the holiday carries the risk of traffic accidents and road fatalities. Officials have again warned drivers to be extra careful when driving during the Eid vacation, saying roads and highways will be more crowded than usual. There is often a significant increase in casualties during these vacations and officials have requested that those traveling to pay greater attention to road conditions and fully comply with traffic regulations. Drivers are particularly being cautioned to avoid speeding and drinking and driving.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Signs and placards have been hung at intersections and across buildings throughout cities in Turkey by various political parties and municipalities wishing citizens a happy Eid holiday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Eid al-Adha brings people and communities together</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;06 November 2011, Sunday / MEHMET SOLMAZ, İSTANBUL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-262018-eid-al-adha-brings-people-and-communities--together.html#writecomment" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="17" height="15" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/template/jazz/agenda/i1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=262018" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;face&lt;/a&gt;--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://fusion.google.com/add?source=atgs&amp;feedurl=http%3A//http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=262018" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://gmodules.com/ig/images/plus_google.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-262018-eid-al-adha-brings-people-and-communities--together.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="18" style="cursor:pointer;" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/icon_print.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2011/11/06/adha.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;Kimse Yok Mu distributes clothing, money and other forms of assistance to the poor in most of the country's 81 provinces and in tens of nations around the world during this year's Eid al-Adha.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;Today, Nov. 6, marks the beginning of the four-day Eid al-Adha for Muslims in Turkey and around the world, with millions across the nation traveling to visit family members and loved ones this holiday weekend.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Turkish charity groups collected aid and donations to help the less fortunate both in Turkey and across the globe during the Islamic holiday of Eid al-Adha (the Feast of the Sacrifice), a time which millions observe as a time of year for promoting love and peace. It is that time of year again in Turkey, and aid organizations such as the Turkish Religious Foundation, Kimse Yok Mu (Is Anybody There?), the Humanitarian Aid Foundation (İHH) and the Turkish Red Crescent (Kızılay) are preparing to distribute food, clothing, money and other forms of assistance to the poor in most of the country’s 81 provinces and in more than 120 nations around the world during this year’s Eid al-Adha. In an interview with Sunday’s Zaman, Dr. Reşit Haylamaz, editor-in-chief of the Kaynak Publishing Group, stated that Eid festivals intend to warm hearts and bring people together.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;“Helping a family in the southeastern region of Turkey or a family in Africa, with a donation of 3 to 5 kilograms of meat, would not mean much from a material point of view. The recipients will be so happy, though, when they see that there are some people out there who care about the difficult conditions they are in and sharing their sorrow,” said Haylamaz.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;A 7.2-magnitude earthquake that hit the predominantly Kurdish province of Van, an area usually in the news for terrorist attacks, on Oct. 23, has killed more than 450, ruined lives and destroyed buildings, but there is one thing it has strengthened: the solidarity between Turkey's eastern and western provinces, as manifested by the myriad aid packages sent to Van from other parts of the country. The earthquake shook the city just two weeks before the Eid al-Adha and left many people homeless days before the festival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Busloads of blankets, new winter clothes and boots for children, heaters, diapers for toddlers and many other supplies were dispatched to Van from all across the country to help the earthquake victims in their hour of need, most of whom have to live in tents in freezing temperatures. Roughly 150 trucks loaded with aid have been sent from all parts of Turkey to the eastern province every day since the quake. People donating to the cause said that they wanted to share the sorrow of the earthquake-stricken people of Van and to send them gifts for the Eid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;As part of a campaign organized by the Turkish Toy Sellers Association (OYDER) last week, member toy companies collected a total of 15,000 toys to send to children who were victims of the quake in Van. OYDER members intend to help children forget about the earthquake for a bit by giving them new toys.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Eid al-Adha is Arabic for “Feast of the Sacrifice” (in Turkish, “Kurban Bayramı”) and is one of two holidays in the Islamic calendar, starting on the 10th day of Dhul Hijjah each year. For many the feast's first day will begin at a mosque for the special Eid prayer that takes place after sunrise. The prayer is said together as a congregation, and the imam delivers a special sermon on the occasion of the holiday, usually emphasizing the values of thankfulness, togetherness and charity that Eid represents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;During Eid al-Adha animals are slaughtered as a reminder of the Prophet Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son Ishmael to God as an act of obedience and submission. A portion of the meat is then distributed to the poor along with other charitable donations, as per Islamic tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;During the four days of the Eid al-Adha holiday people visit family and friends as well as receive their own guests, resulting in a flurry of people in and out of homes throughout the country. Beginning with the greeting “Bayramın mübarek olsun” (May your Eid be blessed), a positive atmosphere is created across the country with solidarity between families, friends, neighbors and society at large, and needs of the poor and less fortunate being remembered at this joyful time of giving and sharing. It is traditional for the young, especially children, to kiss the right hand of the elderly and press it to their forehead in a sign of respect. When children kiss the hand of an elder, their elder will generally give them a small amount of money. People also traditionally wear their best outfits on Eid. Called “bayramlık” in Turkey, these are often purchased especially for the occasion. Those receiving guests usually offer them cologne and traditional desserts like baklava and Turkish delight as well as other foods. Usually a dish will include meat from the animal the family has sacrificed if they were able to afford it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Eid is also an occasion of remembrance for loved ones who are no longer with us. In addition to visiting family and friends Turks also set aside time to visit cemeteries to pay their respects and pray at the graves of loved ones. Relatives of many fallen Turkish soldiers prefer to visit cemeteries on the eve of Eid al-Adha to tend to the graves of their loved ones and pray for their souls. The doors of many orphanages and shelters are alsoopened to welcome visits from the public.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Eid al-Adha also marks the end of the pilgrimage to Mecca, a requirement for all adult Muslims who have the means at least once in their lifetime. It is after Eid that Turkish pilgrims begin to trickle back into Turkey from Saudi Arabia, bringing extra joy to their families at the reunion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;During the Eid holiday television and radio stations broadcast a variety of special programs including movie specials, musical shows and celebratory addresses from stars and politicians.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;However, the increased holiday traffic during the holiday carries the risk of traffic accidents and road fatalities. Officials have again warned drivers to be extra careful when driving during the Eid vacation, saying roads and highways will be more crowded than usual. There is often a significant increase in casualties during these vacations and officials have requested that those traveling to pay greater attention to road conditions and fully comply with traffic regulations. Drivers are particularly being cautioned to avoid speeding and drinking and driving.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Signs and placards have been hung at intersections and across buildings throughout cities in Turkey by various political parties and municipalities wishing citizens a happy Eid holiday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Journey of a lifetime begins for 2 million pilgrims</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/355438</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2011-11-05,post-355438</guid>
    <pubDate>Sat, 05 Nov 2011 12:46:41 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;04 November 2011, Friday / TODAY'S ZAMAN, İSTANBUL &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-261886-journey-of-a-lifetime-begins-for-2-million-pilgrims.html#readcomment" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="17" height="15" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/template/jazz/agenda/i1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=261886" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;face&lt;/a&gt;--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://fusion.google.com/add?source=atgs&amp;feedurl=http%3A//http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=261886" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://gmodules.com/ig/images/plus_google.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-261886-journey-of-a-lifetime-begins-for-2-million-pilgrims.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;6&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="18" style="cursor:pointer;" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/icon_print.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2011/11/04/hajj-season.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;Nearly 2 million Muslims all around the world gathered in Mecca for the annual five-day hajj pilgrimage.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;Nearly 2 million Muslims from across the globe have gathered in Islam's holy city of Mecca for the annual five-day hajj pilgrimage to pray for forgiveness during a spiritual once-in-a-lifetime journey.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;The hajj is an obligation that all able-bodied Muslims of sufficient financial means are required to undertake at least once in their lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;This year pilgrims will start their journey on Friday in order to avoid the chaos and stampedes that have occurred in the past, but Saturday is officially the first day of the hajj when pilgrims will make their way up Mount Arafat, where the Prophet Muhammad is said to have given his last sermon 14 centuries ago. This is also where Muslims believe God will grant them all their prayers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;After waiting until dawn at Arafat the pilgrims will then head to Mina, a small village east of Mecca, where they will spend the day worshipping and collecting pebbles for a ritual practice of stoning the devil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Pilgrims will later travel to an open plain called Muzdalifa, between Mount Arafat and Mina, to throw pebbles at three pillars representing Satan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;After Muzdalifa the pilgrims will perform their Tawaf al-Qudum by circling the sacred cube-shaped Kaaba seven times, reciting prayers along the way. The hajj will end on Wednesday after pilgrims return to throw stones at the devil in Muzdalifa on the last three days of the Eid al-Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice) holiday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Muslims believe the hajj is a time for pilgrims to seek forgiveness for their sins and meditate on their faith and an opportunity to start a new sinless life after the ritual. They aim to live the rest of their lives without committing any sins and by devoting themselves to maintaining their spiritual state.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;The head of Turkey's Religious Affairs Directorate, Professor Mehmet Görmez, made a statement on Thursday underscoring an improvement in the organization of this year's hajj. “In the past performing the hajj was just a dream for most people. In 1947 only 38 people [from Turkey] were able to perform the hajj due to the war and other conflicts going on in the country. Now the organization of the hajj has become so huge and successful that accommodation and other needs of 100,000 pilgrims are being met and 5,000 religious officers are accompanying them and providing information,” said Görmez, adding that almost 1 million people had applied perform the hajj this year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Görmez went on to note a difference in this year's applications, saying that the average age of hajj applicants was 57, whereas until this year it had never been less than 60.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Saudi authorities have also introduced new measures to improve crowd management at this year's hajj. Authorities unveiled an elevated 22-mile (18 kilometer) light rail that will ease pilgrim transport between the holy sites around Mecca. This light rail project is part of a plan to turn the ancient city of Mecca into a modern metropolis and ease crowding during the annual pilgrimage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;The area around Mecca's Grand Mosque has also been transformed by high-rise buildings that have been constructed to cater for a greater influx of visitors and meet an objective to increase the number of pilgrims that can be hosted from 10 million to around 50 million annually by 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Journey of a lifetime begins for 2 million pilgrims</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;04 November 2011, Friday / TODAY'S ZAMAN, İSTANBUL &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-261886-journey-of-a-lifetime-begins-for-2-million-pilgrims.html#readcomment" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="17" height="15" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/template/jazz/agenda/i1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=261886" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;face&lt;/a&gt;--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://fusion.google.com/add?source=atgs&amp;feedurl=http%3A//http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=261886" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://gmodules.com/ig/images/plus_google.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-261886-journey-of-a-lifetime-begins-for-2-million-pilgrims.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;6&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="18" style="cursor:pointer;" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/icon_print.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2011/11/04/hajj-season.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;Nearly 2 million Muslims all around the world gathered in Mecca for the annual five-day hajj pilgrimage.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;Nearly 2 million Muslims from across the globe have gathered in Islam's holy city of Mecca for the annual five-day hajj pilgrimage to pray for forgiveness during a spiritual once-in-a-lifetime journey.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;The hajj is an obligation that all able-bodied Muslims of sufficient financial means are required to undertake at least once in their lifetime.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;This year pilgrims will start their journey on Friday in order to avoid the chaos and stampedes that have occurred in the past, but Saturday is officially the first day of the hajj when pilgrims will make their way up Mount Arafat, where the Prophet Muhammad is said to have given his last sermon 14 centuries ago. This is also where Muslims believe God will grant them all their prayers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;After waiting until dawn at Arafat the pilgrims will then head to Mina, a small village east of Mecca, where they will spend the day worshipping and collecting pebbles for a ritual practice of stoning the devil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Pilgrims will later travel to an open plain called Muzdalifa, between Mount Arafat and Mina, to throw pebbles at three pillars representing Satan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;After Muzdalifa the pilgrims will perform their Tawaf al-Qudum by circling the sacred cube-shaped Kaaba seven times, reciting prayers along the way. The hajj will end on Wednesday after pilgrims return to throw stones at the devil in Muzdalifa on the last three days of the Eid al-Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice) holiday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Muslims believe the hajj is a time for pilgrims to seek forgiveness for their sins and meditate on their faith and an opportunity to start a new sinless life after the ritual. They aim to live the rest of their lives without committing any sins and by devoting themselves to maintaining their spiritual state.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;The head of Turkey's Religious Affairs Directorate, Professor Mehmet Görmez, made a statement on Thursday underscoring an improvement in the organization of this year's hajj. “In the past performing the hajj was just a dream for most people. In 1947 only 38 people [from Turkey] were able to perform the hajj due to the war and other conflicts going on in the country. Now the organization of the hajj has become so huge and successful that accommodation and other needs of 100,000 pilgrims are being met and 5,000 religious officers are accompanying them and providing information,” said Görmez, adding that almost 1 million people had applied perform the hajj this year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Görmez went on to note a difference in this year's applications, saying that the average age of hajj applicants was 57, whereas until this year it had never been less than 60.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Saudi authorities have also introduced new measures to improve crowd management at this year's hajj. Authorities unveiled an elevated 22-mile (18 kilometer) light rail that will ease pilgrim transport between the holy sites around Mecca. This light rail project is part of a plan to turn the ancient city of Mecca into a modern metropolis and ease crowding during the annual pilgrimage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;The area around Mecca's Grand Mosque has also been transformed by high-rise buildings that have been constructed to cater for a greater influx of visitors and meet an objective to increase the number of pilgrims that can be hosted from 10 million to around 50 million annually by 2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Das Opfer in Islam (6-9 November 2011)</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/353928</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2011-10-31,post-353928</guid>
    <pubDate>Mon, 31 Oct 2011 16:36:50 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Opfer ist das Schlachten und Ausblutenlassen bestimmter Tiere als Gottesdienst innerhalb der drei Tage des Opferfestes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Schaf und Ziege sind das Opfer für eine Person, Kamel und Rind für bis sieben Personen,die als Opfer schlachten werden dürfen. Die Tiere müssen gesund, fehlerfrei und kraeftig sein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Es ist erlaubt, das Opferfleisch entweder ganz den Armen zu teilen oder selber zu essen. Das Beste ist, was Prophet gemacht hat, Opferfleisch in drei Teile zu zerlegen und davon einen Teil den Armen, einen Teil den Nachbarn und Freunden zum Geschenk zu machen und den Rest für die Kinder zu reservieren.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Mit dem Opfer kommt man den Befehlen Gottes nach und leistet gleichzeitig den Armen eine grosse Hilfe.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Es ist Sünde, das Opfer zu unterlassen, wenn man die genügende Möglichkeit dazu hat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;deutsch-------------------------------------english-----------------------------------------------&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;27.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt; Verkünde ihnen wahrheitsgemäß die Geschichte von den zwei Söhnen Adams, wie sie beide ein Opfer darbrachten, und es ward angenommen von dem einen von ihnen und ward nicht angenommen von dem andern. Da sprach dieser: «Wahrhaftig, ich schlage dich tot.» Jener erwiderte: «Allah nimmt nur an von den Gottesfürchtigen. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;28.&lt;/b&gt; Wenn du auch deine Hand nach mir ausstreckst, um mich zu erschlagen, so werde ich doch nicht meine Hand nach dir ausstrecken, um dich zu erschlagen. Ich fürchte Allah, den Herrn der Welten.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;29.&lt;/b&gt; Ich will, daß du meine Sünde tragest zu der deinen und so unter den Bewohnern des Feuers seiest, und das ist der Lohn der Frevler.»&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;30.&lt;/b&gt; Doch sein Sinn trieb ihn, seinen Bruder zu töten; also erschlug er ihn und ward der Verlorenen einer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;31.&lt;/b&gt; Da sandte Allah einen Raben, der auf dem Boden scharrte, daß Er ihm zeige, wie er den Leichnam seines Bruders verbergen könne. Er sprach: «Weh mir! Bin ich nicht einmal imstande, wie dieser Rabe zu sein und den Leichnam meines Bruders zu verbergen?» Und da wurde er reuig. -- 5-Der Tisch(Maedah)--&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font color="#ffffff"&gt;urba27 - Onlara Âdem'in iki oğluyla ilgili haberi hakkıyle oku. Hani her ikisi birer kurban sunmuşlardı, birinden kabul edilmiş, diğerinden kabul edilmemişti. (Kurbanı kabu l &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;33.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;In ihnen (Opfertieren) sind Vorteile für euch auf eine bestimmte Frist, dann aber ist ihr Opferplatz bei dem Altehrwürdigen Haus. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;34.&lt;/b&gt; Und für jedes Volk gaben Wir Anleitung zur Opferung, daß sie des Nas Allahs gedenken für das, was Er ihnen gegeben hat an Vieh. So ist euer Gott ein Einiger Gott; darum ergebt euch Ihm. Und gib frohe Botschaft den Demütigen,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;35.&lt;/b&gt; Deren Herzen mit Furcht erfüllt sind, wenn Allah erwähnt wird, und die geduldig tragen, was sie trifft, und das Gebet verrichten und spenden von dem, was Wir ihnen gegeben haben.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;36.&lt;/b&gt; Und unter den Zeichen Allahs haben Wir für euch die Opferkamele bestimmt. An ihnen habt ihr viel Gutes. So sprechet den Namen Allahs über sie aus, wenn sie gereiht dastehen. Und wenn ihre Seiten niederfallen, so esset davon und speiset den Bedürftigen und den Bittenden. Also haben Wir sie euch dienstbar gemacht, daß ihr dankbar seiet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;37.&lt;/b&gt; Ihr Fleisch erreicht Allah nicht, noch tut es ihr Blut, sondern eure Ehrfurcht ist es, die Ihn erreicht. Also hat Er sie euch dienstbar gemacht, daß ihr Allah dafür preiset, daß Er euch geleitet hat. Und gib frohe Botschaft denen, die Gutes tun. --22-Die Pilgerfahrt(Al-Hadsch)--&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font color="#ffffff"&gt;yle demişti: "Allah, yalnız kendisinden korkanlardan kabul eder". &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font color="#ffffff"&gt;28 - "Allaeeeeh'a yemin ederim ki, sen beni öldürmek için bana el uzatsan da, ben seni öld----ür----eeemek için sana el uzatacak değilim, ben âlemlerin Rabb'i olan Allah'tan korkarım. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font color="#ffffff"&gt;2---english---------------------------9 - "Ben isterim ki sen, benim günahımı da, kendi günahını da yüklenip ateş halkından olasEnglisheın! Zalimlerin cezası budur".&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font color="#ffffff"&gt;3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;27.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt; Recite to them the truth of the story of the two sons of Adam. Behold! they each presented a sacrifice (to Allah): It was accepted from one, but not from the other. Said the latter: "Be sure I will slay thee." "Surely," said the former, "Allah doth accept of the sacrifice of those who are righteous. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;28.&lt;/b&gt; "If thou dost stretch thy hand against me, to slay me, it is not for me to stretch my hand against thee to slay thee: for I do fear Allah, the Cherisher of the worlds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;29.&lt;/b&gt; "For me, I intend to let thee draw on thyself my sin as well as thine, for thou wilt be among the companions of the fire, and that is the reward of those who do wrong."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;30.&lt;/b&gt; The (selfish) soul of the other led him to the murder of his brother: he murdered him, and became (himself) one of the lost ones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;31.&lt;/b&gt; Then Allah sent a raven, who scratched the ground, to show him how to hide the shame of his brother. "Woe is me!" said he; "Was I not even able to be as this raven, and to hide the shame of my brother?" then he became full of regrets- -- 5-Table Spread(Al-Maida)--&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;33.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt; In them ye have benefits for a term appointed: in the end their place of sacrifice is near the Ancient House. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;34.&lt;/b&gt; To every people did We appoint rites (of sacrifice), that they might celebrate the name of Allah over the sustenance He gave them from animals (fit for food). But your God is One God. submit then your wills to Him (in Islám): and give thou the good news to those who humble themselves,-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;35.&lt;/b&gt; To those whose hearts when Allah is mentioned, are filled with fear, who show patient perseverance over their afflictions, keep up regular prayer, and spend (in charity) out of what We have bestowed upon them.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;36.&lt;/b&gt; The sacrificial camels we have made for you as among the signs from Allah: in them is (much) good for you: then pronounce the name of Allah over them as they line up (for sacrifice): when they are down on their sides (after slaughter), eat ye thereof, and feed such as (beg not but) live in contentment, and such as beg with due humility: thus have We made animals subject to you, that ye may be grateful.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;37.&lt;/b&gt; It is not their meat nor their blood, that reaches Allah, it is your piety that reaches Him: He has thus made them subject to you, that ye may glorify Allah for His Guidance to you and proclaim the good news to all who do good. -- 22-The Pilgrimage (Al-Hajj)--&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.kuranikerim.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.kuranikerim.com&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Das Opfer in Islam (6-9 November 2011)</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Opfer ist das Schlachten und Ausblutenlassen bestimmter Tiere als Gottesdienst innerhalb der drei Tage des Opferfestes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Schaf und Ziege sind das Opfer für eine Person, Kamel und Rind für bis sieben Personen,die als Opfer schlachten werden dürfen. Die Tiere müssen gesund, fehlerfrei und kraeftig sein.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Es ist erlaubt, das Opferfleisch entweder ganz den Armen zu teilen oder selber zu essen. Das Beste ist, was Prophet gemacht hat, Opferfleisch in drei Teile zu zerlegen und davon einen Teil den Armen, einen Teil den Nachbarn und Freunden zum Geschenk zu machen und den Rest für die Kinder zu reservieren.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Mit dem Opfer kommt man den Befehlen Gottes nach und leistet gleichzeitig den Armen eine grosse Hilfe.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Es ist Sünde, das Opfer zu unterlassen, wenn man die genügende Möglichkeit dazu hat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;deutsch-------------------------------------english-----------------------------------------------&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;27.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt; Verkünde ihnen wahrheitsgemäß die Geschichte von den zwei Söhnen Adams, wie sie beide ein Opfer darbrachten, und es ward angenommen von dem einen von ihnen und ward nicht angenommen von dem andern. Da sprach dieser: «Wahrhaftig, ich schlage dich tot.» Jener erwiderte: «Allah nimmt nur an von den Gottesfürchtigen. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;28.&lt;/b&gt; Wenn du auch deine Hand nach mir ausstreckst, um mich zu erschlagen, so werde ich doch nicht meine Hand nach dir ausstrecken, um dich zu erschlagen. Ich fürchte Allah, den Herrn der Welten.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;29.&lt;/b&gt; Ich will, daß du meine Sünde tragest zu der deinen und so unter den Bewohnern des Feuers seiest, und das ist der Lohn der Frevler.»&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;30.&lt;/b&gt; Doch sein Sinn trieb ihn, seinen Bruder zu töten; also erschlug er ihn und ward der Verlorenen einer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;31.&lt;/b&gt; Da sandte Allah einen Raben, der auf dem Boden scharrte, daß Er ihm zeige, wie er den Leichnam seines Bruders verbergen könne. Er sprach: «Weh mir! Bin ich nicht einmal imstande, wie dieser Rabe zu sein und den Leichnam meines Bruders zu verbergen?» Und da wurde er reuig. -- 5-Der Tisch(Maedah)--&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font color="#ffffff"&gt;urba27 - Onlara Âdem'in iki oğluyla ilgili haberi hakkıyle oku. Hani her ikisi birer kurban sunmuşlardı, birinden kabul edilmiş, diğerinden kabul edilmemişti. (Kurbanı kabu l &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;33.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;In ihnen (Opfertieren) sind Vorteile für euch auf eine bestimmte Frist, dann aber ist ihr Opferplatz bei dem Altehrwürdigen Haus. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;34.&lt;/b&gt; Und für jedes Volk gaben Wir Anleitung zur Opferung, daß sie des Nas Allahs gedenken für das, was Er ihnen gegeben hat an Vieh. So ist euer Gott ein Einiger Gott; darum ergebt euch Ihm. Und gib frohe Botschaft den Demütigen,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;35.&lt;/b&gt; Deren Herzen mit Furcht erfüllt sind, wenn Allah erwähnt wird, und die geduldig tragen, was sie trifft, und das Gebet verrichten und spenden von dem, was Wir ihnen gegeben haben.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;36.&lt;/b&gt; Und unter den Zeichen Allahs haben Wir für euch die Opferkamele bestimmt. An ihnen habt ihr viel Gutes. So sprechet den Namen Allahs über sie aus, wenn sie gereiht dastehen. Und wenn ihre Seiten niederfallen, so esset davon und speiset den Bedürftigen und den Bittenden. Also haben Wir sie euch dienstbar gemacht, daß ihr dankbar seiet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;37.&lt;/b&gt; Ihr Fleisch erreicht Allah nicht, noch tut es ihr Blut, sondern eure Ehrfurcht ist es, die Ihn erreicht. Also hat Er sie euch dienstbar gemacht, daß ihr Allah dafür preiset, daß Er euch geleitet hat. Und gib frohe Botschaft denen, die Gutes tun. --22-Die Pilgerfahrt(Al-Hadsch)--&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font color="#ffffff"&gt;yle demişti: "Allah, yalnız kendisinden korkanlardan kabul eder". &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font color="#ffffff"&gt;28 - "Allaeeeeh'a yemin ederim ki, sen beni öldürmek için bana el uzatsan da, ben seni öld----ür----eeemek için sana el uzatacak değilim, ben âlemlerin Rabb'i olan Allah'tan korkarım. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font color="#ffffff"&gt;2---english---------------------------9 - "Ben isterim ki sen, benim günahımı da, kendi günahını da yüklenip ateş halkından olasEnglisheın! Zalimlerin cezası budur".&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:10pt;"&gt;&lt;font color="#ffffff"&gt;3&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;27.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt; Recite to them the truth of the story of the two sons of Adam. Behold! they each presented a sacrifice (to Allah): It was accepted from one, but not from the other. Said the latter: "Be sure I will slay thee." "Surely," said the former, "Allah doth accept of the sacrifice of those who are righteous. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;28.&lt;/b&gt; "If thou dost stretch thy hand against me, to slay me, it is not for me to stretch my hand against thee to slay thee: for I do fear Allah, the Cherisher of the worlds.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;29.&lt;/b&gt; "For me, I intend to let thee draw on thyself my sin as well as thine, for thou wilt be among the companions of the fire, and that is the reward of those who do wrong."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;30.&lt;/b&gt; The (selfish) soul of the other led him to the murder of his brother: he murdered him, and became (himself) one of the lost ones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;31.&lt;/b&gt; Then Allah sent a raven, who scratched the ground, to show him how to hide the shame of his brother. "Woe is me!" said he; "Was I not even able to be as this raven, and to hide the shame of my brother?" then he became full of regrets- -- 5-Table Spread(Al-Maida)--&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt;33.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;"&gt; In them ye have benefits for a term appointed: in the end their place of sacrifice is near the Ancient House. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;34.&lt;/b&gt; To every people did We appoint rites (of sacrifice), that they might celebrate the name of Allah over the sustenance He gave them from animals (fit for food). But your God is One God. submit then your wills to Him (in Islám): and give thou the good news to those who humble themselves,-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;35.&lt;/b&gt; To those whose hearts when Allah is mentioned, are filled with fear, who show patient perseverance over their afflictions, keep up regular prayer, and spend (in charity) out of what We have bestowed upon them.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;36.&lt;/b&gt; The sacrificial camels we have made for you as among the signs from Allah: in them is (much) good for you: then pronounce the name of Allah over them as they line up (for sacrifice): when they are down on their sides (after slaughter), eat ye thereof, and feed such as (beg not but) live in contentment, and such as beg with due humility: thus have We made animals subject to you, that ye may be grateful.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;37.&lt;/b&gt; It is not their meat nor their blood, that reaches Allah, it is your piety that reaches Him: He has thus made them subject to you, that ye may glorify Allah for His Guidance to you and proclaim the good news to all who do good. -- 22-The Pilgrimage (Al-Hajj)--&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.kuranikerim.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.kuranikerim.com&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Hear me out, my dear friends</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/347392</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2011-09-24,post-347392</guid>
    <pubDate>Sat, 24 Sep 2011 13:45:11 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color:#555555;font-size:14pt;"&gt;Hear me out, my dear friends, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Love resembles the sun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The heart that feels no love &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Is none other than stone.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color:#555555;font-size:14pt;"&gt;What can grow on stone hearts? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Though the tongue softly starts,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Words of venom fume, rage, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
And turn into war soon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color:#555555;font-size:14pt;"&gt;When in love, the soul burns, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Melts like wax as it churns.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Stone hearts are like winter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Dark, harsh, with all warmth gone . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#555555" size="5"&gt;Yunus EMRE&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#555555" size="5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.turkishculturalfoundation.org/" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.turkishculturalfoundation.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Hear me out, my dear friends</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color:#555555;font-size:14pt;"&gt;Hear me out, my dear friends, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Love resembles the sun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The heart that feels no love &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Is none other than stone.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color:#555555;font-size:14pt;"&gt;What can grow on stone hearts? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Though the tongue softly starts,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Words of venom fume, rage, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
And turn into war soon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color:#555555;font-size:14pt;"&gt;When in love, the soul burns, &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Melts like wax as it churns.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Stone hearts are like winter&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Dark, harsh, with all warmth gone . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#555555" size="5"&gt;Yunus EMRE&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#555555" size="5"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.turkishculturalfoundation.org/" rel="nofollow"&gt;http://www.turkishculturalfoundation.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Erdoğan promises projects to rebuild famine-stricken Somalia</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/342168</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2011-08-19,post-342168</guid>
    <pubDate>Fri, 19 Aug 2011 19:36:42 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;19 August 2011, Friday / TODAYSZAMAN.COM WITH REUTERS, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254254-erdogan-promises-projects-to-rebuild-famine-stricken-somalia.html#readcomment" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="17" height="15" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/template/jazz/agenda/i1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=254254" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;face&lt;/a&gt;--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://fusion.google.com/add?source=atgs&amp;feedurl=http%3A//http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=254254" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://gmodules.com/ig/images/plus_google.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                    &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254254-erdogan-promises-projects-to-rebuild-famine-stricken-somalia.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="18" style="cursor:pointer;" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/icon_print.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                            &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2011/08/19/erdogan-somali-children.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;Watched by Somali President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed (L) Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, center with his wife Emine Erdoğan (R) hold refugee children from southern Somalia during a visit to a refugee camp for internally displaced people in Mogadishu, Somali, on Friday, Aug. 19, 2011. (Photo: AP)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called on the international community to extend a helping hand to Somalia, saying the civilized world should successfully pass the test by reaching out to the famine-stricken nation, and promised that the Turkish government would take a number of extensive measures to help Somali get back on its feet.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Erdoğan was speaking at a joint news conference with Somalia's President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed during a visit to Mogadishu. He arrived in Somalia's capital on Friday for a visit aimed at drawing international attention to the famine sweeping across the Horn of Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Erdoğan, accompanied by his family and five cabinet ministers, has in past days appealed for more food aid for the drought-hit nation and lashed out at wealthy Western nations for not doing more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;On Friday, he described the tragedy he saw in Mogadishu as “unprecedented,” explaining how he witnessed a child from a refugee camp he visited earlier in the day dying of hunger.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;"This tragedy here is a test of humanity, human values, modernity and modern values. We're here to tell the world this test should be passed successfully to prove that Western values are more than empty rhetoric," said Erdoğan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;While calling on the world's nations to reach out to Somalia, he also asserted that Turkey would act as if it is the only nation helping the famine-stricken country. Turkey will soon open an embassy in Mogadishu and take several measures to help Somalia improve its infrastructure, which include digging wells to improve water supply, building field hospitals, a highway between the Mogadishu airport and the city center, as well as facilities for waste management to clean up Mogadishu's rubbish-strewn streets, Erdoğan said. He said Housing Development Administration of Turkey (TOKİ) will also build houses and schools in the famine-hit country.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;“Do not lose your hope. Because our hearts are together with you,” he told the people of Somalia. Erdoğan also said the Turkish government was working on ways to resolve problems between the Al-Shabaab insurgents and the government of Somalia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;The withdrawal of most Islamist militants from their Mogadishu bases earlier in the month has effectively handed full control of the capital to the government for the first time since civil war broke out in 1991. However, Somali troops and African peacekeepers are still meeting pockets of rebel resistance in Mogadishu, highlighting the view of regional observers that the al-Qaeda-linked Al-Shabaab insurgents are far from defeated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, one of the ministers accompanying Erdoğan, said there was no reason why Somalia cannot overcome the famine, calling for international assistance. “People should come here and fulfill their humanitarian responsibilities so that Somalia can get back on its feet,” Davutoğlu told reporters after a visit to a refugee camp set up by the Turkish Red Crescent Society (Kızılay) in Mogadishu together with Somalia's Deputy Prime Minister Said Korshel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;The foreign minister said he hoped the Turkish prime minister's visit would be a “signal rocket” that would open the way for more people to reach out to famine-stricken Somalia. Korshel thanked Erdoğan, saying his visit changed the perception that no Somalia is out of reach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;The Organization of the Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries pledged on Wednesday $350 million in aid to fight the famine which has left 3.7 million Somalis at risk of dying of hunger.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Erdoğan has said he hoped the OIC's efforts would jolt the consciences of those ignoring the unravelling humanitarian emergency. A pious Muslim, he has called the disaster a "litmus test" for all humanity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;h2 style="font-size:16px;"&gt;Momentous visit&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Erdoğan was welcomed by Somalia's president at the airport with a warm embrace. Security forces flooded Mogadishu's main streets where Turkish flags fluttered in the coastal breeze and posters adorned the walls of mortar-blasted buildings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;"Prime Minister Erdoğan's visit tells us the Turkish people are closer to us than any other Muslim nation on earth," said resident Abdirashid Ali Omar. "The Turkish people are here to share with us in our time of need. It is momentous."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Muslim Turkey, a rising political and economic power that straddles East and West, is far behind other emerging powers such as China, Brazil or India in the race for new markets in Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;But under Erdoğan's ruling AK Party government, Turkey has expanded commercial ties in Africa, as well as in the Middle East and Asia, and opened several new embassies in Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;The UN's World Food Programme said on Friday it was still unable to reach 2.2 million hungry people living in areas of southern Somalia controlled by al Shabaab, whose bloody campaign to topple the government has cost more than 20,000 lives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Aid agencies say that while droughts are a natural phenomenon, this famine is largely down to conflict and bad governance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;"Droughts will happen. They always will, but they don't have to be disasters. They can be managed," Oxfam's Philippa Crosland-Taylor said in neighboring Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;h2 style="font-size:16px;"&gt;Turkish aid to Somalia&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Turkish state and non-governmental organizations are being mobilized to deliver much-needed humanitarian aid to Somalia. Five tons of donations, worth of about TL 7 million, were shipped to Somalia from an İstanbul port by the Prime Ministry's Disaster and Emergency Management Directorate. The ship is expected to reach the hunger-hit country in 11 days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;BİM, a leading discount retail chain, is among the contributors to charities raising aid for Somalia, with a generous donation of TL 1 million to a campaign initiated by the Prime Ministry's Disaster and Emergency Management Directorate. BİM employees have also started their own charity campaign. Issuing a statement, BİM CFO Haluk Dortluoğlu said the African nation is experiencing a disaster that no human being can ignore. “Millions of people are in the grip of famine and tens of thousands are facing death due to hunger. We hope Somalia will overcome this crisis soon,” he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Mustafa Ali Şişman, head of the Ankara Private City Bus Owners Chamber, announced that the revenue earned by 200 buses on Thursday will be sent to Somalia via a campaign launched by Turkey's Religious Affairs Directorate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;An 11-truck convoy carrying aid collected by Kimse Yok Mu departed from Ankara on Thursday. The aid will be shipped from the Port of Mersin on Monday. A ceremony was held before the trucks hit the road in Ankara. Speaking at the event, Kimse Yok Mu Chairman Ünal Öztürk said the situation in Somalia is heartbreaking and thanked all contributors. While noting that several other convoys had also departed from different provinces, Öztürk said the aid will head to Mogadishu collectively. Konya Şeker A.Ş. (Konya Sugar) has donated 100 tons of sugar, worth TL 219,904, to support relief efforts in Somalia. The company sent the sugar via Kimse Yok Mu, in four trucks that departed Konya on Thursday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Osmaniye Health Workers Foundation (OSAD) President Mehmet Gül has said a group of doctors from the foundation will soon be heading to Somalia to offer health services. Speaking at an iftar, or fast-breaking dinner, event on Thursday night, Gül called for others to also support activities to help the starving people in the Horn of Africa. “In response to the tragedy in Somalia, we decided to step in by sending doctors to the region. This is our debt to humanity,” he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;The Laleli Industrialists and Businessmen's Association (LASİAD) also donated TL 300,000 for aid efforts in Somalia. Head of the association Gıyasettin Eyyüpkoca presented their donation to Turkish Red Crescent head Burhan Külünk on Friday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Erdoğan promises projects to rebuild famine-stricken Somalia</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;19 August 2011, Friday / TODAYSZAMAN.COM WITH REUTERS, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                     &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254254-erdogan-promises-projects-to-rebuild-famine-stricken-somalia.html#readcomment" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="17" height="15" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/template/jazz/agenda/i1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=254254" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;face&lt;/a&gt;--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://fusion.google.com/add?source=atgs&amp;feedurl=http%3A//http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=254254" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://gmodules.com/ig/images/plus_google.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                    &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-254254-erdogan-promises-projects-to-rebuild-famine-stricken-somalia.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                    &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="18" style="cursor:pointer;" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/icon_print.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                            &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2011/08/19/erdogan-somali-children.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;Watched by Somali President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed (L) Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, center with his wife Emine Erdoğan (R) hold refugee children from southern Somalia during a visit to a refugee camp for internally displaced people in Mogadishu, Somali, on Friday, Aug. 19, 2011. (Photo: AP)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called on the international community to extend a helping hand to Somalia, saying the civilized world should successfully pass the test by reaching out to the famine-stricken nation, and promised that the Turkish government would take a number of extensive measures to help Somali get back on its feet.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Erdoğan was speaking at a joint news conference with Somalia's President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed during a visit to Mogadishu. He arrived in Somalia's capital on Friday for a visit aimed at drawing international attention to the famine sweeping across the Horn of Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Erdoğan, accompanied by his family and five cabinet ministers, has in past days appealed for more food aid for the drought-hit nation and lashed out at wealthy Western nations for not doing more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;On Friday, he described the tragedy he saw in Mogadishu as “unprecedented,” explaining how he witnessed a child from a refugee camp he visited earlier in the day dying of hunger.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;"This tragedy here is a test of humanity, human values, modernity and modern values. We're here to tell the world this test should be passed successfully to prove that Western values are more than empty rhetoric," said Erdoğan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;While calling on the world's nations to reach out to Somalia, he also asserted that Turkey would act as if it is the only nation helping the famine-stricken country. Turkey will soon open an embassy in Mogadishu and take several measures to help Somalia improve its infrastructure, which include digging wells to improve water supply, building field hospitals, a highway between the Mogadishu airport and the city center, as well as facilities for waste management to clean up Mogadishu's rubbish-strewn streets, Erdoğan said. He said Housing Development Administration of Turkey (TOKİ) will also build houses and schools in the famine-hit country.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;“Do not lose your hope. Because our hearts are together with you,” he told the people of Somalia. Erdoğan also said the Turkish government was working on ways to resolve problems between the Al-Shabaab insurgents and the government of Somalia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;The withdrawal of most Islamist militants from their Mogadishu bases earlier in the month has effectively handed full control of the capital to the government for the first time since civil war broke out in 1991. However, Somali troops and African peacekeepers are still meeting pockets of rebel resistance in Mogadishu, highlighting the view of regional observers that the al-Qaeda-linked Al-Shabaab insurgents are far from defeated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, one of the ministers accompanying Erdoğan, said there was no reason why Somalia cannot overcome the famine, calling for international assistance. “People should come here and fulfill their humanitarian responsibilities so that Somalia can get back on its feet,” Davutoğlu told reporters after a visit to a refugee camp set up by the Turkish Red Crescent Society (Kızılay) in Mogadishu together with Somalia's Deputy Prime Minister Said Korshel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;The foreign minister said he hoped the Turkish prime minister's visit would be a “signal rocket” that would open the way for more people to reach out to famine-stricken Somalia. Korshel thanked Erdoğan, saying his visit changed the perception that no Somalia is out of reach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;The Organization of the Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries pledged on Wednesday $350 million in aid to fight the famine which has left 3.7 million Somalis at risk of dying of hunger.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Erdoğan has said he hoped the OIC's efforts would jolt the consciences of those ignoring the unravelling humanitarian emergency. A pious Muslim, he has called the disaster a "litmus test" for all humanity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;h2 style="font-size:16px;"&gt;Momentous visit&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Erdoğan was welcomed by Somalia's president at the airport with a warm embrace. Security forces flooded Mogadishu's main streets where Turkish flags fluttered in the coastal breeze and posters adorned the walls of mortar-blasted buildings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;"Prime Minister Erdoğan's visit tells us the Turkish people are closer to us than any other Muslim nation on earth," said resident Abdirashid Ali Omar. "The Turkish people are here to share with us in our time of need. It is momentous."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Muslim Turkey, a rising political and economic power that straddles East and West, is far behind other emerging powers such as China, Brazil or India in the race for new markets in Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;But under Erdoğan's ruling AK Party government, Turkey has expanded commercial ties in Africa, as well as in the Middle East and Asia, and opened several new embassies in Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;The UN's World Food Programme said on Friday it was still unable to reach 2.2 million hungry people living in areas of southern Somalia controlled by al Shabaab, whose bloody campaign to topple the government has cost more than 20,000 lives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Aid agencies say that while droughts are a natural phenomenon, this famine is largely down to conflict and bad governance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;"Droughts will happen. They always will, but they don't have to be disasters. They can be managed," Oxfam's Philippa Crosland-Taylor said in neighboring Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;h2 style="font-size:16px;"&gt;Turkish aid to Somalia&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Turkish state and non-governmental organizations are being mobilized to deliver much-needed humanitarian aid to Somalia. Five tons of donations, worth of about TL 7 million, were shipped to Somalia from an İstanbul port by the Prime Ministry's Disaster and Emergency Management Directorate. The ship is expected to reach the hunger-hit country in 11 days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;BİM, a leading discount retail chain, is among the contributors to charities raising aid for Somalia, with a generous donation of TL 1 million to a campaign initiated by the Prime Ministry's Disaster and Emergency Management Directorate. BİM employees have also started their own charity campaign. Issuing a statement, BİM CFO Haluk Dortluoğlu said the African nation is experiencing a disaster that no human being can ignore. “Millions of people are in the grip of famine and tens of thousands are facing death due to hunger. We hope Somalia will overcome this crisis soon,” he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Mustafa Ali Şişman, head of the Ankara Private City Bus Owners Chamber, announced that the revenue earned by 200 buses on Thursday will be sent to Somalia via a campaign launched by Turkey's Religious Affairs Directorate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;An 11-truck convoy carrying aid collected by Kimse Yok Mu departed from Ankara on Thursday. The aid will be shipped from the Port of Mersin on Monday. A ceremony was held before the trucks hit the road in Ankara. Speaking at the event, Kimse Yok Mu Chairman Ünal Öztürk said the situation in Somalia is heartbreaking and thanked all contributors. While noting that several other convoys had also departed from different provinces, Öztürk said the aid will head to Mogadishu collectively. Konya Şeker A.Ş. (Konya Sugar) has donated 100 tons of sugar, worth TL 219,904, to support relief efforts in Somalia. The company sent the sugar via Kimse Yok Mu, in four trucks that departed Konya on Thursday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;Osmaniye Health Workers Foundation (OSAD) President Mehmet Gül has said a group of doctors from the foundation will soon be heading to Somalia to offer health services. Speaking at an iftar, or fast-breaking dinner, event on Thursday night, Gül called for others to also support activities to help the starving people in the Horn of Africa. “In response to the tragedy in Somalia, we decided to step in by sending doctors to the region. This is our debt to humanity,” he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;The Laleli Industrialists and Businessmen's Association (LASİAD) also donated TL 300,000 for aid efforts in Somalia. Head of the association Gıyasettin Eyyüpkoca presented their donation to Turkish Red Crescent head Burhan Külünk on Friday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Turkey to raise Africa profile with Somalia engagement</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/341781</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2011-08-17,post-341781</guid>
    <pubDate>Wed, 17 Aug 2011 07:40:57 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;16 August 2011, Tuesday / TODAYSZAMAN.COM WITH REUTERS, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-253986-turkey-to-raise-africa-profile-with-somalia-engagement.html#readcomment" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="17" height="15" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/template/jazz/agenda/i1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=253986" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;face&lt;/a&gt;--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://fusion.google.com/add?source=atgs&amp;feedurl=http%3A//http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=253986" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://gmodules.com/ig/images/plus_google.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="18" style="cursor:pointer;" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/icon_print.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2011/08/16/erdogan-cicek.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;A summit of Islamic countries on the famine in Somalia on Wednesday will give host Turkey a chance to display Islamic piety and flex its diplomatic muscle in Africa at a time other emerging powers are also scrambling for trade and investment in the resource-rich continent.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;A day after foreign ministers from the 57-nation Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) convene in İstanbul for an emergency meeting, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan travels to Somalia itself on Thursday along with his family, where he plans to visit relief camps to draw international attention to the East African country's plight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Accompanying Erdoğan to Somalia will be Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, who will also take his family and who later heads to South Africa and Ethiopia as part of an African tour.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Muslim Turkey, a rising political and economic power that straddles East and West, is far behind other emerging powers such as China, Brazil or India in the race for new markets in Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;But under Erdoğan's ruling Justice and Development (AK Party) government, Turkey has expanded commercial ties in Africa, as well as in the Middle East and Asia, and opened several new embassies in Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;"There is a scramble for Africa now, particularly with China, and Turkey does not want to be left behind," said Semih İdiz, a foreign affairs analyst who writes for Turkish media.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;"Turkey is flexing its muscle in Africa. It wants to show it is a rich country that can reach out to poor countries. Ramadan is a good period to show you are a good Muslim so the OIC summit and Erdoğan's visit to Somalia have also an Islamic solidarity and domestic dimension," İdiz told Reuters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Visits by world leaders to Somalia are extremely rare due to serious security risks. But Erdoğan, a pious Muslim who fasts in Ramadan and has become a hero among Muslims for his stance on Israel, has said it is "impossible for us to be spectators to the human tragedy in Africa".&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;It is especially dangerous to visit the Somali capital Mogadishu after rebels mostly pulled out last weekend, raising the spectre of more guerrilla-style attacks such as suicide bombings after their failure to win a military combat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;The government and African peacekeepers admit they do not control all of the capital even after the rebels' withdrawal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;The last leader to visit was Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni in November last year. Ugandan soldiers form the bulk of the African Union peacekeeping force in Mogadishu.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Ahead of his visit, posters of Erdoğan against the backdrop of the Turkish flag were hung near Mogadishu's airport, seaport and one of the capital's main thoroughfares.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;"The Turkish prime minister's visit is a golden opportunity because it directs the world's attention to Somalia," Abdifatah Abdi Noor, a senior official at the Somali prime minister's office, told Reuters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;He said most of the food aid, medicine and shelters for displaced Somalis are from Turkey and more ships and flights are on the way.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;"We will seek long-term development projects from Turkey."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Risk of starvation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Some 3.7 million Somalis are at risk of starvation, the majority of them in the south of the country that has been in a state of armed anarchy for two decades, complicating any humanitarian relief effort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Hundreds of thousands have made the dangerous trek to the capital Mogadishu and its outlying areas in search of food aid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Turkish foreign ministry officials said the OIC meeting is aimed at galvanising support for Somalia and drought-struck neighbouring regions. Davutoğlu has said the famine in Somalia poses risks to other African countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Somalia's President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed is expected to attend the one-day meeting in İstanbul and then accompany Erdoğan to Mogadishu, Turkish officials said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;"We are expecting OIC nations to announce donations to Somalia during the meeting," a Turkish foreign ministry official said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Turks in Africa&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;China and Brazil are fiercely competing for natural resources in Africa, mounting billion-dollar bids to secure natural resources for ravenous factories back home.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Turkey, one of the fastest growing economies in the world, exported $7.27 billion to Africa in 2010, or 6.4 percent of total Turkish exports, compared to 51 percent to the European Union, Ankara's biggest trading partner. Imports from Africa to Turkey reached $6.4 billion in 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Those figures pale when it comes to China, which is doing $107 billion of business with the continent a year, India's $32 billion or Brazil's $20 billion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Besides trade, Turkey is also seeking to raise it diplomatic presence in Africa. African votes played an important role when Turkey secured a seat on the United Nations Security Council.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Turkey, with its multi-party democracy and rapidly growing economy, is widely regarded as a model for development in other countries of the Muslim world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Turkey to raise Africa profile with Somalia engagement</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;16 August 2011, Tuesday / TODAYSZAMAN.COM WITH REUTERS, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-253986-turkey-to-raise-africa-profile-with-somalia-engagement.html#readcomment" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="17" height="15" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/template/jazz/agenda/i1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=253986" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;face&lt;/a&gt;--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://fusion.google.com/add?source=atgs&amp;feedurl=http%3A//http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=253986" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://gmodules.com/ig/images/plus_google.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="18" style="cursor:pointer;" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/icon_print.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2011/08/16/erdogan-cicek.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;A summit of Islamic countries on the famine in Somalia on Wednesday will give host Turkey a chance to display Islamic piety and flex its diplomatic muscle in Africa at a time other emerging powers are also scrambling for trade and investment in the resource-rich continent.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;A day after foreign ministers from the 57-nation Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) convene in İstanbul for an emergency meeting, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan travels to Somalia itself on Thursday along with his family, where he plans to visit relief camps to draw international attention to the East African country's plight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Accompanying Erdoğan to Somalia will be Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, who will also take his family and who later heads to South Africa and Ethiopia as part of an African tour.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Muslim Turkey, a rising political and economic power that straddles East and West, is far behind other emerging powers such as China, Brazil or India in the race for new markets in Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;But under Erdoğan's ruling Justice and Development (AK Party) government, Turkey has expanded commercial ties in Africa, as well as in the Middle East and Asia, and opened several new embassies in Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;"There is a scramble for Africa now, particularly with China, and Turkey does not want to be left behind," said Semih İdiz, a foreign affairs analyst who writes for Turkish media.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;"Turkey is flexing its muscle in Africa. It wants to show it is a rich country that can reach out to poor countries. Ramadan is a good period to show you are a good Muslim so the OIC summit and Erdoğan's visit to Somalia have also an Islamic solidarity and domestic dimension," İdiz told Reuters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Visits by world leaders to Somalia are extremely rare due to serious security risks. But Erdoğan, a pious Muslim who fasts in Ramadan and has become a hero among Muslims for his stance on Israel, has said it is "impossible for us to be spectators to the human tragedy in Africa".&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;It is especially dangerous to visit the Somali capital Mogadishu after rebels mostly pulled out last weekend, raising the spectre of more guerrilla-style attacks such as suicide bombings after their failure to win a military combat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;The government and African peacekeepers admit they do not control all of the capital even after the rebels' withdrawal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;The last leader to visit was Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni in November last year. Ugandan soldiers form the bulk of the African Union peacekeeping force in Mogadishu.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Ahead of his visit, posters of Erdoğan against the backdrop of the Turkish flag were hung near Mogadishu's airport, seaport and one of the capital's main thoroughfares.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;"The Turkish prime minister's visit is a golden opportunity because it directs the world's attention to Somalia," Abdifatah Abdi Noor, a senior official at the Somali prime minister's office, told Reuters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;He said most of the food aid, medicine and shelters for displaced Somalis are from Turkey and more ships and flights are on the way.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;"We will seek long-term development projects from Turkey."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Risk of starvation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Some 3.7 million Somalis are at risk of starvation, the majority of them in the south of the country that has been in a state of armed anarchy for two decades, complicating any humanitarian relief effort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Hundreds of thousands have made the dangerous trek to the capital Mogadishu and its outlying areas in search of food aid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Turkish foreign ministry officials said the OIC meeting is aimed at galvanising support for Somalia and drought-struck neighbouring regions. Davutoğlu has said the famine in Somalia poses risks to other African countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Somalia's President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed is expected to attend the one-day meeting in İstanbul and then accompany Erdoğan to Mogadishu, Turkish officials said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;"We are expecting OIC nations to announce donations to Somalia during the meeting," a Turkish foreign ministry official said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Turks in Africa&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;China and Brazil are fiercely competing for natural resources in Africa, mounting billion-dollar bids to secure natural resources for ravenous factories back home.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Turkey, one of the fastest growing economies in the world, exported $7.27 billion to Africa in 2010, or 6.4 percent of total Turkish exports, compared to 51 percent to the European Union, Ankara's biggest trading partner. Imports from Africa to Turkey reached $6.4 billion in 2010.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Those figures pale when it comes to China, which is doing $107 billion of business with the continent a year, India's $32 billion or Brazil's $20 billion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Besides trade, Turkey is also seeking to raise it diplomatic presence in Africa. African votes played an important role when Turkey secured a seat on the United Nations Security Council.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Turkey, with its multi-party democracy and rapidly growing economy, is widely regarded as a model for development in other countries of the Muslim world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
  <item>
    <title>Erdoğan, Davutoğlu to visit Somalia with their families</title>
    <link>https://www.ipernity.com/blog/66487/340922</link>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">tag:ipernity.com,2011-08-11,post-340922</guid>
    <pubDate>Thu, 11 Aug 2011 10:39:50 +0000</pubDate>
    <author>nobody@ipernity.com (Adler55 Blume)</author>
    <description>&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10 August 2011, Wednesday / TODAY’S ZAMAN, ANKARA &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-253380-erdogan-davutoglu-to-visit-somalia-with-their-families.html#readcomment" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="17" height="15" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/template/jazz/agenda/i1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=253380" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;face&lt;/a&gt;--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://fusion.google.com/add?source=atgs&amp;feedurl=http%3A//http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=253380" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://gmodules.com/ig/images/plus_google.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-253380-erdogan-davutoglu-to-visit-somalia-with-their-families.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="18" style="cursor:pointer;" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/icon_print.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2011/08/10/somali-aid.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;TİKA Chairman Çam visited refugee camps on Tuesday to deliver aid packages to the Somalis.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has announced that he will be visiting Somalia in a few days, to “see the situation in the country [himself].”&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Delivering a speech at a meeting of his ruling Justice and Development Party (AK Party) on Wednesday, Erdoğan said he was going to visit Somalia with Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, also accompanied by their families throughout the visit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;“We will prepared to help in Somalia as if we were the only ones helping the famine victims,” Erdoğan said, highlighting that the efforts the country will make in Somalia will extend to all fields that need the contribution of the international community. Separately in Somalia, Turkish International Cooperation and Development Agency (TİKA) Chairman Serdar Çam has announced plans to open a new coordination office in Somalia, while he noted Turkey was poised to help further by helping Somalia become a stronger player in the fields of international trade, the economy, agriculture and industry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;As the first humanitarian aid gathered by the combined efforts of TİKA, other government institutions and private enterprise landed earlier this week in famine-stricken Somalia, Çam and aid teams led by Turkish Red Crescent Society (Kızılay) General Manager Ömer Taşlı visited refugee camps on Tuesday to deliver aid packages to the Somalis, the Anatolia news agency reported. The delegation talked to the famine-stricken people as they handed out packages containing milk, biscuits, chocolate and candies to children. Having witnessed signs that “the Somali state is gradually setting up its own system,” Çam said that the people of Somalia needed peace and comfort before the state can reach all its citizens and take care of their needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;“As a society that feels deeply for the pain Somalis are going through, particularly in this holy month of Ramadan, we are here to deliver food aid to the country and make sure it reaches people even in the farthest corners of the land,” Çam was quoted as saying by Anatolia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Commenting on the branch TİKA office to be established in Mogadishu, Çam reiterated that there was much to do in the long term to develop the country, strengthen the infrastructure and empower the state in the service of its people, which made it a must for TİKA to establish the office. “We will try to contribute to the Somali state by the facilities of our own country,” Çam said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;He also suggested that Turkey could pass on its experience in statehood to Somalia, which needs strong institutions to govern the economic activities to be established in the country. Pointing to a brotherhood between Turkey and Somalia, Çam said, “Turkey is not here only to provide aid for the country; it is also in the position to contribute to development in Somalia, in the fields of international trade, the economy, agriculture and industry.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Çam also announced the initiation of feasibility studies for a mobile hospital to be established in the country upon the order of Prime Minister Erdoğan. “We will try to build the infrastructure that can deliver health services to various places in the country,” Çam said. In a related development, in Ankara, Health Minister Recep Akdağ told Anatolia on Wednesday that they are prepared to establish up to six mobile health units in Somalia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;“The six units are waiting to be deployed in Somalia upon the designation of safe and suitable places within the country,” Akdağ said. Each unit is projected to have a staff of 20 people, including doctors and nurses, Akdağ said, as the minister stated that the first aid shipment delivered to Somalia contained 10 tons of medical supplies, used particularly in the treatment of diseases stemming from conditions caused by drought and famine. The health personnel to be stationed in these mobile units consists of doctors and nurses who volunteer to work in Somalia, as the minister explained that nobody was coerced into taking part in the health initiative. Calling the situation in Somalia a “weeping wound,” Akdağ suggested that Turkey, as a country with the ability to help those in need, “will also prosper as it shares its resources with the needy.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
    <media:title>Erdoğan, Davutoğlu to visit Somalia with their families</media:title>
    <media:text type="html">&lt;p class="who"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.ipernity.com/home/66487"&gt;Adler55 Blume&lt;/a&gt; has posted an article:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="description"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="6"&gt;&lt;span&gt;10 August 2011, Wednesday / TODAY’S ZAMAN, ANKARA &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-253380-erdogan-davutoglu-to-visit-somalia-with-their-families.html#readcomment" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="17" height="15" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/template/jazz/agenda/i1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;!-- &lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=253380" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;face&lt;/a&gt;--&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a href="http://fusion.google.com/add?source=atgs&amp;feedurl=http%3A//http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=253380" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://gmodules.com/ig/images/plus_google.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-253380-erdogan-davutoglu-to-visit-somalia-with-their-families.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;span&gt;Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                         &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="18" style="cursor:pointer;" src="http://www.todayszaman.com/images/icon_print.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;div&gt;&lt;img border="0" width="582" height="291" src="http://medya.todayszaman.com/todayszaman/2011/08/10/somali-aid.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="center"&gt;TİKA Chairman Çam visited refugee camps on Tuesday to deliver aid packages to the Somalis.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
             &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has announced that he will be visiting Somalia in a few days, to “see the situation in the country [himself].”&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan="2"&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" colspan="2"&gt;&lt;font size="+0"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Delivering a speech at a meeting of his ruling Justice and Development Party (AK Party) on Wednesday, Erdoğan said he was going to visit Somalia with Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, also accompanied by their families throughout the visit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;“We will prepared to help in Somalia as if we were the only ones helping the famine victims,” Erdoğan said, highlighting that the efforts the country will make in Somalia will extend to all fields that need the contribution of the international community. Separately in Somalia, Turkish International Cooperation and Development Agency (TİKA) Chairman Serdar Çam has announced plans to open a new coordination office in Somalia, while he noted Turkey was poised to help further by helping Somalia become a stronger player in the fields of international trade, the economy, agriculture and industry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;As the first humanitarian aid gathered by the combined efforts of TİKA, other government institutions and private enterprise landed earlier this week in famine-stricken Somalia, Çam and aid teams led by Turkish Red Crescent Society (Kızılay) General Manager Ömer Taşlı visited refugee camps on Tuesday to deliver aid packages to the Somalis, the Anatolia news agency reported. The delegation talked to the famine-stricken people as they handed out packages containing milk, biscuits, chocolate and candies to children. Having witnessed signs that “the Somali state is gradually setting up its own system,” Çam said that the people of Somalia needed peace and comfort before the state can reach all its citizens and take care of their needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;“As a society that feels deeply for the pain Somalis are going through, particularly in this holy month of Ramadan, we are here to deliver food aid to the country and make sure it reaches people even in the farthest corners of the land,” Çam was quoted as saying by Anatolia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Commenting on the branch TİKA office to be established in Mogadishu, Çam reiterated that there was much to do in the long term to develop the country, strengthen the infrastructure and empower the state in the service of its people, which made it a must for TİKA to establish the office. “We will try to contribute to the Somali state by the facilities of our own country,” Çam said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;He also suggested that Turkey could pass on its experience in statehood to Somalia, which needs strong institutions to govern the economic activities to be established in the country. Pointing to a brotherhood between Turkey and Somalia, Çam said, “Turkey is not here only to provide aid for the country; it is also in the position to contribute to development in Somalia, in the fields of international trade, the economy, agriculture and industry.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Çam also announced the initiation of feasibility studies for a mobile hospital to be established in the country upon the order of Prime Minister Erdoğan. “We will try to build the infrastructure that can deliver health services to various places in the country,” Çam said. In a related development, in Ankara, Health Minister Recep Akdağ told Anatolia on Wednesday that they are prepared to establish up to six mobile health units in Somalia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;“The six units are waiting to be deployed in Somalia upon the designation of safe and suitable places within the country,” Akdağ said. Each unit is projected to have a staff of 20 people, including doctors and nurses, Akdağ said, as the minister stated that the first aid shipment delivered to Somalia contained 10 tons of medical supplies, used particularly in the treatment of diseases stemming from conditions caused by drought and famine. The health personnel to be stationed in these mobile units consists of doctors and nurses who volunteer to work in Somalia, as the minister explained that nobody was coerced into taking part in the health initiative. Calling the situation in Somalia a “weeping wound,” Akdağ suggested that Turkey, as a country with the ability to help those in need, “will also prosper as it shares its resources with the needy.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.todayszaman.com.tr/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"&gt;www.todayszaman.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;/tr&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</media:text>
    <media:credit role="author">Adler55 Blume</media:credit>
  </item>
</channel>
</rss>